Investigating the Impact of PM10 on NDVI Changes Based on Satellite Image Processing in Khuzestan Province

The level of air pollution presents a twofold threat to human health and plant life, thereby resulting in economic losses for countries on an annual basis. This investigation specifically focuses on the province of Khuzestan, which has experienced considerable pollution from fine dust in recent years and is noteworthy for its diverse vegetation. By analyzing air quality data acquired from the Environment Agency regarding PM10 and utilizing NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) images captured by the MODIS satellite, this study examines the impact of fine dust on vegetation. Differential calculations were performed on the PM10 data and NDVI values across different seasons in order to achieve this objective. Updated maps of Khuzestan were constructed by merging Landsat imagery with the province's land use map, employing supervised classification model to monitor vegetation production and utilization across diverse categories such as agriculture, reeds, pasture, and forest. Subsequently, the datasets were segregated based on vegetation type, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was computed to evaluate the relationship between PM10 concentration and changes in vegetation (dNDVI) within each category. The results emphasize a spatial correlation between PM10 concentration and changes in vegetation index for reed and agriculture land uses during a single season, with the highest correlation observed during the summer season throughout the year.