Divinity in the thoughts of Śaivist Mystics of Southern India (Nāyanmārs)

Śaivism, or Shaivism, is a branch of Hinduism with roots tracing back to ancient India. This religion notably developed and expanded under the influence of mystics known as Nāyanmārs in southern India. This period marks a significant turning point for Shaivism. Many foundational theological and philosophical concepts of Shaivism can be traced to the humns left by the Nāyanmārs, including their ideas on divinity and God. Despite extensive research, little is known about the concept of divinity and related issues in Hinduism. Therefore, this article aims to investigate the hymns of these saints, exploring their perspectives on the concept of God, God's anthropomorphic and apophatic attributes, monotheism, the eternity of God, and God's grace. Through an analysis of these hymns, we delve into these issues.