The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on procrastination, problem solving and self-efficacy of people with depressive disorder

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and costly psychiatric disorders globally. Among the common problems faced by individuals with MDD are procrastination and deficits in problem-solving abilities, which can negatively impact their quality of life, occupational functioning, and social relationships. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in reducing procrastination and enhancing problem-solving skills among individuals with MDD.

In this multiple-baseline experimental study, four participants diagnosed with MDD were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected during baseline, intervention (CBT), and follow-up phases through direct observations, self-reports, and standardized measures of procrastination and problem-solving. The data were then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including visual analysis of graphs, calculation of non-overlapping data percentages, and effect size estimation.

The findings of this study revealed that CBT significantly reduced procrastination and substantially improved problem-solving abilities in the participants. The calculation of statistical indices, such as the percentage of non-overlapping data (88%) and Cohen's d effect size (d=2.41) for procrastination, and the SMD=-2.42 for problem-solving, confirmed the positive and substantial impact of this therapeutic approach in alleviating these difficulties.

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that CBT can be an effective and efficient treatment approach for reducing procrastination and enhancing problem-solving skills in individuals with MDD.