Comparison and analysis of the status of asceticism and submission in the Diwan of Imad Faqih Kermani and Shaukat Bukhari

The social environment is the most effective factor in the emergence of literary works, especially mystical literature. Mystics believe In order to reach the lofty peak of knowledge, a person must go through the authorities completely. In fact, mysticism is a defense mechanism so that poets and writers can overcome their internal inflammations and anxieties caused by the political-social conditions governing their ecosystem. In both poetry divans, the poet's attitude and knowledge have been refined, along with the use of pleasant and unpleasant concepts, to present a favorable image of the goals and characteristics of the era with a library study and a descriptive-analytical approach. In the shadow of Imad Faqih's attention in the 8th century, the place of asceticism and humility has been valued with 71 frequency in the structural concept and authentic mystical meanings.While in the Safavid era, when the rulers of that time focused on promoting the Shia religion, Shaukat Bukhari has used the position of asceticism and submission with 48 frequencies to express political-social issues. In fact, Imad Faqih's poetic language has acted like celestial poets in expressing mystical themes; But Shaukat Bukhari has used mystical themes as a tool to express her social-political developments, thoughts and inner experiences.