Comparing and Prioritizing the Effect of Facade Components on the Visual Clutter of Single and Urban Façades (Case Studies: District 4, 14, and 15)

Nowadays, one of the factors that cause confusion and visual clutter is the presence of urban facades with an abnormal appearance. This heterogeneity is more visible in the facades of Iranian cities, especially in Tehran and in the vicinity of the main local streets. It is crucial to deal with the issue of which parts of the facade have caused visual clutter and to determine the most effective visual component of the facade in this regard. The current research has been carried out to explain the position of facade architectural components and their effect in creating visual clutter and compare the effects in urban and single facades. The present research method is a case study, survey, and coding. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the effects of extensions, materials, windows, forms, style and ornaments, lines, and doors in creating visual clutter of the urban and single facade were investigated. In order to identify and compare the effects of components, questionnaires and field studies were used, and SPSS software and Friedman's test were used for analysis and ranking. The method followed in this research is innovative in the field of pathology and provides a model for the studies of the pathology of facades. The results of the research show that the difference between the impact of the criteria in creating visual clutter of the urban and single-facade and different sub-criteria of the single-facade and urban facade components are effective in creating visual clutter. By analyzing the results of Friedman's test, it was determined that the lines in the urban facade with a score of 5.28. and Extensions in a single facade with a score of 5/20. They have the greatest effect in causing visual clutter. Moreover, it has the least impact on creating visual clutter in the urban facade and single-façade door.