Fe-Ag-V Ternary Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized from Ganoderma lucidum Extract: Antioxidant and Antibacterial Proficiency in Focus

The synthesis of novel nanomaterials stands as a significant focus of scientific inquiry in nanotechnology. This study synthesized Fe-Ag-V ternary oxide nanoparticles sourced from Ganoderma lucidum extract. The eco-friendly synthesis process involves several steps, including dissolving PVP polymer in Ganoderma lucidum extract, introducing metal salts, Gum Arabic, maturation, gel formation, drying, and culminating in calcination. The resulting nanoparticles, comprising iron, silver, and vanadium, exhibit distinct structural and compositional features. Characterization methods like Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analysis provide a thorough understanding. The nanoparticles have a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.581 and an average particle size of 42 nm, indicating their nanoscale properties. The presence of important elements such as vanadium, iron, and silver were ascertained by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). A face-centred cubic (FCC) crystal structure, with an average crystallite size of around 15.6 nm was revealed by the X-ray Diffraction (XRD). These structural characteristics suggest potential uses in catalysis, sensors, and drug delivery systems. The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) assay demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, achieving an R2 value of 0.9974. Effective antibacterial properties were observed against pathogenic bacteria, with MIC values that ranged from 1.25 to 5.0 mg/ml, as determined by MIC and MBC evaluations. In summary, Ganoderma lucidum-mediated ternary oxide nanoparticles exhibit a unique composition, structural integrity, and functional attributes. Their eco-friendly synthesis, combined with remarkable antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy, positions them as promising candidates for various applications, offering innovative and sustainable solutions.