Multi-Objective Mathematical Modeling for a Charging Stations Location-Routing Problem of Heterogeneous Electric Vehicles with Time Windows

An effective approach to tackling climate change is to replace electric vehicles with their diesel counterparts. Although this replacement has many challenges, it is not impossible. In this paper, two multi-objective mathematical models - multiple deposit problem routing - charging station location and battery replacement of heterogeneous freight electric vehicles were presented. In addition, to increase customers' satisfaction, fines for violating time windows were applied in the models. Each of these two models pursues three goals. The first goal is to minimize (the total cost of routing, the cost of constructing charging stations or replacing the battery, and the cost of breaking time windows); the second goal is to minimize the number of used cars and the third goal is to minimize the number of charging or battery replacement stations. The models were solved by CPLEX solver with GAMS software in small size. Examination of the results shows that in the first proposed model, battery replacement stations were used. Fewer cars were used. Also, in the second proposed model that the stations offer partial charging; the total cost was reduced. Also, in both models, the cost decreases with increasing the number of depots.