mohammad fallah

An effective approach to tackling climate change is to replace electric vehicles with their diesel counterparts. Although this replacement has many challenges, it is not impossible. In this paper, two multi-objective mathematical models - multiple deposit problem routing - charging station location and battery replacement of heterogeneous freight electric vehicles were presented. In addition, to increase customers' satisfaction, fines for violating time windows were applied in the models. Each of these two models pursues three goals. The first goal is to minimize (the total cost of routing, the cost of constructing charging stations or replacing the battery, and the cost of breaking time windows); the second goal is to minimize the number of used cars and the third goal is to minimize the number of charging or battery replacement stations. The models were solved by CPLEX solver with GAMS software in small size. Examination of the results shows that in the first proposed model, battery replacement stations were used. Fewer cars were used. Also, in the second proposed model that the stations offer partial charging; the total cost was reduced. Also, in both models, the cost decreases with increasing the number of depots.

Today, forecasting the actual costs of a project over a period is one of the fundamental aspects of project management. This is especially critical for construction projects, which play a significant role during natural crises. Effective cost and time management are crucial factors in the optimal execution of these projects. This study aims to identify the key factors influencing the accurate estimation of time and cost for construction projects using factor analysis. The case study focuses on commercial and residential buildings in the city of Arak. The study is applied in nature and employs an exploratory research method. The statistical population includes all senior managers, supervisors, and engineers from the Arak Engineering System Organization, with 170 individuals selected through a convenience sampling method. A factor analysis model was used to examine the relationships between various components. The results indicate that the most significant factors affecting accurate time and cost estimation include: failure to resolve objections promptly (factor load: 9.14), delays in preparing necessary maps during execution (factor load: 6.66), insufficient budget provision at the right time (factor load: 5.94), lack of practical and executive vision among designers (factor load: 5.85), serious errors in project design and contract documents (factor load: 4.04), inadequate planning for changes (factor load: 3.88), absence of a basic unit price list for inner-city works (factor load: 3.83), and project suspension by other institutions and organizations (factor load: 3.78). These factors were identified as the most critical for accurate time and cost estimation in the construction of commercial and residential buildings in Arak.

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common parasites worldwide. It is of great importance to identify new potential drugs that are effective and less harmful in pregnant women and newborns. We investigated nanoemulsion miltefosine (NEM) in treating experimental acute and chronic toxoplasmosis.

A combination of triacetin, Tween 80, and ethanol (1:2) was used for the development of NEM formulations. The size of NEM was calculated to be 17.463 nm by DLS and TEM. To investigate the performance of miltefosine (MLF), NEM, sulfadiazine (SDZ), and pyrimethamine (PYR) (positive control) in vivo, acute toxoplasmosis was induced in mice by an intraperitoneal injection of RH strain tachyzoites. After five days, the mice were examined for the number and condition of tachyzoites and histopathological changes in the liver and spleen. Chronic toxoplasmosis was investigated in rats and the number and size of brain cysts along with histopathological changes were assessed in different groups.

The results of the in vivo assessment of drugs in acute toxoplasmosis showed the following order regarding a decrease in the number of tachyzoites and an increase in survival rate: SDZ&PYR > NEM > MLF. The effects of drugs on chronic toxoplasmosis showed a significant effect of NEM (50%) on reducing the number of cysts compared to SDZ&PYR (10%) and MLF (12%) and reducing the size of NEM brain cysts (21%) compared to SDZ&PYR (5 %) and MLF (8%).

Increasing the penetration of NEM through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and subsequently reducing the number and size of T. gondii tissue cysts is a promising new drug in treating chronic toxoplasmosis.

In the present age, evaluating and then improving the performance of production systems and supply chains as a whole is the only possible way to compete in the global business market. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric method for measuring the relative efficiency of production systems and decision-making units with multiple homogeneous inputs and outputs as a mathematical programming method. Determining the type of return to scale (RTS) helps managers make more accurate predictions about the expansion or limitation of the decision-making unit (DMU). Due to the importance of RTS in relation to management decisions, various methods have been proposed by DEA researchers to introduce and determine its type. Research in RTS evaluation has led to a more general classification of RTS types, with the titles Left return to scale (L-RTS) and Right return to scale (R-RTS). This research studies the two-stage production process and introduces an approach to estimating the type of efficiency on the right and left scales of DMUs. In this paper, the application of the DEA network model to calculate the relative efficiency and return to scale of cement companies listed on the stock exchange has been studied. The data used in the model is related to the production process of 42 cement companies in 2020.

Call of Duty is a popular first-person shooter (FPS) game. Call of Duty: Modern Warfare (2007) was the first game in the franchise which did not focus on the World Wars’ history. It was also the first Call of Duty which had a continuous interactive digital narrative (IDN). This article attempts to take a comparative approach to the game. As a cultural product, the game is susceptible to postcolonial and orientalist discourses. This article attempts to apply Edward Said’s theories to Call of Duty: Modern Warfare in order to prove that the game’s IDN was shaped by postcolonialism and orientalism. The game functioned as a cultural medium which disseminated orientalist discourses amongst its player base. As such, this article tries to not only shed light upon a lesser-known aspect of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare but also to demonstrate that computer games are not exempt from external cultural forces.

Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasite in the world. Pharmaceutical options for toxoplasmosis treatment are limited. Several studies have been conducted on the anti-infectious properties of miltefosine (MLF). We investigated the effectiveness of nanoemulsion miltefosine (NEM) in tachyzoites of T. gondii, RH strain. Various NEM formulations were designed considering pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. Physicochemical properties of the developed nanoemulsions (NEs), including pH, polydispersity index (PDI), droplet size, and refractive index (RI) were evaluated. The considered formulation was analyzed for dilution and stability tests. MTT assay was performed on Vero cells for calculation CC50 and on Vero cells with RH strain tachyzoite for calculation IC50. Sulfadiazine (SDZ) and pyrimethamine (PYR) were positive controls. The trypan blue method was used to investigate the effect of drugs (NEM, MLF, SDZ, PYR) in reducing the number of infected Vero cells and reducing the intracellular proliferation of tachyzoites. Next, the viability of tachyzoites was measured in the tube in the direct vicinity of different drug concentrations. The final particle size of NEM was calculated to be 17.463 nm by DLS and TEM. The CC50 of NEM (75.7 µg/mL) indicated lower toxicity than the other drugs. IC50 obtained by trypan blue, MTT, and test tube methods showed that NEM (28.43 µg/mL) has a suitable IC50 against Toxoplasma tachyzoites. The calculated selectivity index (SI) demonstrated that NEM (SI=2.66) is a more suitable drug candidate than the MLF and positive controls. The trypan blue assay indicated the excellent reduction effect of NEM on T. gondii intracellular proliferation rate and the number of infected cells.

In the dynamic world of financial investment, crafting an optimal stock portfolio that judiciously balances risk, return, and efficiency emerges as a critical challenge. Despite the wealth of research on financial portfolio optimization, prevailing methodologies predominantly emphasize either risk minimization or return maximization, often overlooking the imperative for a holistic strategy that simultaneously boosts efficiency and effectiveness. Addressing this gap in the literature, this study introduces an innovative four-objective model that intricately blends risk, return, and efficiency considerations for the strategic selection of stock portfolios. This model ingeniously integrates the foundational principles of Markowitz's mean-variance analysis with the sophisticated network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) techniques, significantly refining the portfolio selection methodology. It further distinguishes itself by incorporating returns represented as trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers, adeptly capturing the inherent uncertainties in financial returns. Additionally, the model employs the network data envelopment analysis's cross-efficiency principle, providing a nuanced measure of company performance. To effectively navigate the complexities of this model, we deploy the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and a multi-objective genetic algorithm, demonstrating the model's capability to unearth optimal solutions efficiently. The comparative analysis highlights that the proposed model significantly outperforms the efficiency and effectiveness of existing models, marking a substantial advancement in portfolio optimization strategies.

 Trichomonas infection is a common sexually transmitted infection, and concerns about drug resistance to this infection are increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of Pelargonium quercetorum extracts on Trichomonas protozoans.

 One isolate of Trichomonas vaginalis was subjected to susceptibility testing against ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and aqueous extracts of P. quercetorum using the microtiter plate method. The minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of the extracts was measured in comparison with metronidazole under aerobic conditions.

 All extracts had antiprotozoal activities against Trichomonas. After 48-hour exposure, the most antitrichomonal activity of the extracts belonged to the ethyl acetate, with an MLC of 250 µg/mL, followed by the n-hexane (500 µg/mL) and aqueous (25 mg/mL) extracts in comparison with metronidazole, with an MLC of 3.1 µg/mL.

 The results of this study indicated that P. quercetorum has potential properties against Trichomonas protozoans, although further studies are needed to evaluate the antiprotozoal activity of its components.

Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The growing concern of drug resistance of this infection has cautioned the need for new drug development. We evaluated the potential antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of α-pinene and tannic acid (TA) on Trichomonas vaginalis cells. In addition, the cytotoxicity of agents on Vero cells was investigated.

  Trichomonas cells were axenically cultured in TYI-S-33 medium. In vitro antiproliferative activity of α-pinene, TA, and metronidazole was investigated against Trichomonas cells. The assays were carried out in triplicate using microtiter plate and trypan blue staining method. Annexin V/PI staining with flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis induction. In addition, the cytotoxic effect was measured by MTT assay.

α-Pinene and TA exhibited significant inhibition of the Trichomonas cells and the lowest IC50 values were 22.9 µg/ml and 140 µg/ml at 48 hours’ incubation, respectively. The CC50 was found at 116 μg/ml for α-pinene and 473 μg/ml for TA, after 48 hours of treatment. The flow cytometry study demonstrated that the natural compounds induced apoptosis in Trichomonas cells. After 24 hours of treatment, the induction of apoptosis was 5.2% - 36.6% at concentrations of 3.9 - 62.5 μg/ml for α-pinene and TA induced-apoptosis was 6.1% - 53.8% at concentrations of 125-2000 μg/ml.

Although the results show the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of α-pinene and TA on Trichomonas cells, in vivo studies are needed to further clarify the effects of these compounds.

Trichostrongylid helminths play a significant role in economic loss in livestock and human health. Due to the need to knowledge of the latest status of helminth infection of domestic ruminants, for proper planning to prevention and control, this study was conducted to determine of Trichostrongylidae helminths .

A total of 334 intestines and abomasums purchased from slaughterhouse of Sanadaj, Kurdestan. The samples were placed in 10% formalin separately and examined in the Parasitology Laboratory of Sanandaj and Hamadan Medical School. All nematodes identified using the appropriate keys. The results were recorded in a form along with information such as livestock type, sex, farming location .

Totally, 178 sheep samples (53.29%), 93 goat samples (27.85%) and 63 cattle samples (18.86%) were studied. The prevalence of intestine infection was 18.31% and abomasum was 81.69% and the overall infection in this study was 20.95%. Only two samples (0.6%) of Trichostrongylus sp. were isolated, most of them were female. The most isolated species was T. longispiculis. The highest percentage of isolated worms was Ostertagia ostertagi (22.18%). Most cases of intestinal nematode were Nematodirus abnormalis (14.28%) and in abomasum O. circumcicta (18.57%.)

Although Trichostrongylus infection has decreased in recent years; a 0.6% prevalence were found in present study. However, infection with other Trichostronegilids in the studied animals has a relatively high prevalence. Due to the economic loss in livestock and the possible role of these parasites in transmitting to humans, appropriate control and treatment measures should be taken

The achievement of this research project in the field of enabling the geometric monitoring of precast segments in the country and for the construction projects of precast segmental concrete bridges using the balanced girder method, which is of interest in the country, is widely used. The experimental results proposed in this project will lead to the achievement of more comprehensive knowledge in the field of geometric correction of precast segments and a significant reduction of errors and costs in the design and construction process. In this study, two approaches have been designed and implemented based on the transformation of the global and local coordinate systems and based on the matrix of direction cosines and the analysis of plane and height deflection angles in order to calculate the segment adjustment numbers and the global coordinates of the plates. Based on the results, the second method compared to the first method has about 20% improvement in offset and 10% improvement in line. Based on the results of the second method, according to the calculation of deviation angles in a decomposed way for the right, center and left side of the segment, the offset values have a significant improvement.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and also improving the efficiency of hCG using a slow-release compound (alhydrogel) on the reproductive performance of Afshari ewes after laparoscopic artificial insemination. For this purpose, 48 Afshari ewes (2.5-4 years old with the mean weight of 68±2.5kg and an body condition score of 3.04±0.3 were treated with intravaginal controlled internal drug release (CIDR) for 14 days. The ewes were then divided into 4 groups: the first group: injection of eCG (400IU), 48 hours before CIDR removal (eCGS), the second group: injection of eCG (400IU) combined with alhydrogel, 48 hours before CIDR removal (eCGSR), the third group: injection of hCG (400IU), 48 hours before CIDR removal (hCGS) and the fourth group: injection of hCG (400IU) combined with alhydrogel, 48 hours before CIDR removal (hCGSR). The results showed that there was no significant difference between eCGSR and eCGS treatments in Measured parameters (P>0.05). The lowest pregnancy rate (25%) and fecundity (33%) were recorded in related to the hCGS treatment. However, in the hCGSR treatment, these parameters were increased to the values recorded in eCGSR and eCGS treatments. The results of this study showed that hCG in the presence of slow release compound can be a suitable substitute for eCG in the estrus synchronization protocol based on progesterone and eCG.

The data envelopment analysis method is commonly used to measure efficiency. An estimate of the relative efficiency of this model is derived by calculating the ratio between inputs and outputs. Data envelopment analysis models can also be applied to network structures due to the extension of these models. Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a novel approach that governed production management in recent years. In complex and dynamic environments, the petrochemical industry requires an investigation system similar to those used by other organizations to inform about its activity's desirability, especially in complex and dynamic environments. This research focused on the petrochemical company supply chain. Laboratory studies, experts, and visits to petrochemical sites were used to identify production processes and determine indicators. After that, they were evaluated with an envelopment model and a coefficient corresponding to the identified petrochemical supply chain structure. The aggregate and componentwise efficiency of the studied units in petrochemical were also examined from 2016 to 2019.

Technology transfer helps create innovation and manufacture new products in developing countries, and the identification of major success factors in technology transfer could help obtain competitive advantages. The present study mainly aims to develop the main success factors in technology transfer in the oil industry of Iran. This study is applied research and adopts a descriptive-correlational methodology. The statistical population consisted of 149 oil industry experts at National Iranian Oil Company and its subsidiary companies. The sample size was found to be 107 based on Cochran’s formula, and the respondents were selected through random sampling to respond to the validated questionnaires. The main success factors in technology transfer in the oil industry were identified and confirmed by reviewing the literature and implementing exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. A total of eleven factors were identified, including technology owner characteristics, strategic factors, technology characteristics, political factors, economic factors, management factors, sociocultural factors, human resources, legal factors, infrastructures, and environmental factors, of which technology owner characteristics, strategic factors, technology characteristics, management factors, sociocultural factors, human resources, and environmental factors were the main technology transfer success factors in the oil industry.

This paper focuses on modeling a sustainable electricity industry supply chain network under uncertainty. The aim of presenting this supply chain network is to meet customer demands for solar panels to generate clean energy.

A mixed-integer linear programming model, including facility location, supplier selection, optimal flow allocation, and determination of the optimal price of solar panels in the network, is considered. The sustainability objectives of the model include maximizing the profit of the supply chain network, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions, and maximizing reliability. A robust optimization method is also considered to control uncertain parameters, and precise and innovative techniques are used to solve the model.

The results of the model show that with an increase in network reliability, the current net value in the network decreases, and greenhouse gas emissions in the network increase. Additionally, the analysis of the results shows that with an increase in the network's uncertainty rate, the network's current net value and reliability decrease, and greenhouse gas emissions increase. Finally, the statistical test results also show that there was no significant difference between the averages of the number of practical solutions, the maximum spread, and the metric distance between the two algorithms, and only a significant difference exists between the solution times of the two algorithms. The results of the presented solution methods demonstrate their high efficiency in solving the sustainable electricity industry supply chain model.

Originality/Value:

 In the proposed model, essential decisions such as supplier selection, establishment of production centers, optimal product flow allocation, and pricing of solar panels are made. On the other hand, further analyses of 15 numerical examples show the high efficiency of the MOALO and MOWOA algorithms compared to the epsilon-constraint method.

Trichomoniasis, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis protozoan, is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Although metronidazole and tinidazole are the only approved drugs for treatment, drug-resistant cases of infection are on the rise. The aim of the study was the evaluation of antitrichomonal potential of Piper nigrum and limonene. The phytochemical profile of P. nigrum oil was also investigated. The parasites were treated in vitro with essential oil and different extracts of P. nigrum seed and limonene using microtiter plate method. The oil analysis of P. nigrum was also evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assay of P. nigrum oil and limonene were screened on Vero cell line by MTT method. The tested P. nigrum fractions were able to kill 100% of Trichomonas trophozoites at MLC concentration and reduce the trophozoite viability at sub-MLC and lower concentrations. After 48 hours exposure, the most potent fraction was the n-hexane extract with MLC of 78 µg/ml and followed by the essential oil and methanol extract with MLC of 156 µg/ml, limonene (MLC=1250 µg/ml), and then, aqueous extract with MLC value of 25 mg/ml. Also according to cytotoxicity assay, P. nigrum oil was less toxic to Vero cell than limonene, with a selectivity index of 13.2 and 2.04, respectively. This study clearly demonstrated the trichomonacidal potential of P. nigrum. Thus, P. nigrum fractions can be considered promising antiprotozoal agents and the basis for further development to discover new phytochemicals compounds.

After network and flight schedule design, routing and aircraft maintenance and repair issues as well as aircrew planning are among the major decisions that affect airline costs. When making decisions on each of these issues, there are specific operational restrictions and rules and regulations that must be followed. If these decisions are integrated and the optimal response is found, there will be a significant reduction in airline cost. In this research, assuming that an airline has designed the flight program at a strategic level, how to optimally implement this program is discussed; to this end, the optimal integration of aircraft routing decisions and the crew's movement plan (flight team) was considered. The desired problem for an airline is solved with net base and crew diversity, with the goal of minimizing total costs. One of the biggest challenges in solving this problem is the possible disruption of the original plan, which makes aircraft and crew planning ineffective in practice. Therefore, in this research, we define the possible disturbances in the initial plan as several different scenarios and by using the two-step robust scenario-oriented optimization approach, we provide a robust answer to the problem of integrating the decisions of aircraft network routing. And the crew's travel plan. In the proposed stable model, in addition to the decision integration, the adjustable variables of the second stage, including the decision to cancel the flight in the event of a disturbance, are also seen so that the model is adaptable to different disturbance scenarios. . The numerical results of the implementation of the proposed model confirm the applicability of the proposed model to provide an integrated and stable answer to the research problem.

Many practical decision-making problems involve a significant level of data uncertainty. In such a case, modeling the uncertainty involved is critical to making informed decisions. The set-based robust optimization approach is one of the most efficient techniques for finding optimal decisions in problems involving uncertain data. The main concern with this technique is over-conservatism. This drawback has been widely investigated, and several robust formulations have been developed in the literature to deal with it. However, research is still ongoing to obtain effective formulations to handle uncertainty. In this study, we derive a robust counterpart formulation for an uncertain linear programming problem under a new uncertainty set that is defined based on a pairwise comparison of perturbation variables. The performance of the proposed robust formulation is evaluated using numerical studies and in terms of different performance metrics. For this purpose, robust counterpart models corresponding to the production-mix sample problems are solved at different protection levels. Then, for each solution obtained, violation probability is calculated using a Monte-Carlo simulation approach. The results revealed that the proposed method outperforms the existing ones.

The purpose of the current research was to investigate the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps' jihadist management in containing the Corona virus. The present research method is descriptive and analytical, using questionnaires and surveys. The statistical population of this research is the officials who were in the field, operational and strategic in the process of curbing Corona during the Corona period. The statistical sample of this research includes 60 commanders and managers who played a role in curbing the Corona virus, who were selected by purposeful sampling. Data analysis was done using spss software. In this research, a questionnaire with 29 questions was used to analyze the obtained data and to examine all hypotheses and determine the impact of the field and short-term, operational and medium-term and strategic and long-term jihadist management of the IRGC in containing the Corona virus. The results obtained from the research indicate that the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps' jihadi management in the fight against the Corona virus was considered a new experience for managers and commanders and the military forces, that the control of this disease required the cooperation and interaction of all healthcare professionals and the General Staff of the Armed Forces. which to some extent were able to succeed in all three strategic, operational and field levels to a great extent, especially in helping to vaccinate and contain the corona virus and reduce deaths and epidemics of this disease and create life expectancy and return people's lives to normal do it yourself

Different genotypes of Acanthamoeba have been abundantly isolated in environmental samples such as water, soil, and dust, as well as in different hospital departments and eyewash stations. This protozoan is a potential hazard for immunocompromised patients and contact lens wearers. The aim of the present study was isolation and genotyping of environmental and corneal isolates of Acanthamoeba in Hamadan, west of Iran.

During 2018-2020, a total of 104 environmental samples including, water, soil, and dust and 16 corneal scraping samples were collected and investigated for the presence of Acanthamoeba using morphological and molecular identification tools. Genotypes were determined using sequence analysis of the diagnostic fragment 3 (DF3) from Acanthamoeba-specific amplimer S1 (ASA.S1) gene. Phylogenetic tree was constructed with the MEGA7 software using Neighbor-Joining method.

The presence of Acanthamoeba spp. was determined in 87.5% of water, 53.1% of soil, and 25% of dust samples. From 30 dust samples collected from eight wards of three hospitals, 7 (23.3%) were contaminated with Acanthamoeba. Sequencing analysis of environmental samples revealed that the T4 genotype was the most prevalent (92.6%) one. Genotypes T2 (1.9%), T2/T6 (1.9%), and mixed T4 and T2/T6 (3.7%) were also identified in environmental samples. Acanthamoeba was seen in none of the examined corneal scraping samples from patients with suspected keratitis.

The widespread occurrence of this potentially pathogenic amoeba in most hospital wards and environmental resources and areas of the region highlights a strong need to increase awareness regarding this ubiquitous amoeba among susceptible individuals, such as immunocompromised patients and contact lens wearers.

Cystic echinocossosis (hydatidosis) caused by the larval stage of cestodes of the genus Echinococcus is an important and prevalent zoonotic disease. In human patients, surgical removal of the cysts is the treatment of choice in many cases however, leakage of the larva (protoscoleces) during the surgery and formation of new cysts is a concern. Presently, different solutions such as hypertonic saline and silver nitrate are used to inactivate the cyst-dwelling protoscoleces but each have some side-effects hence searching for novel protoscolicide formulations with high efficacy and low side-effects has been always in the focus. The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction conditions of Echinophora platyloba, to evaluate antioxidant properties of the extracts and to assess their protoscolicical effects in vitro. For this purpose, hydroalcoholic extracts of Echinophora platyloba were extracted in ethanol concentrations of 0, 50 and 100% and during 24, 48 and 72 hours. Response surface methodology (RSM) was perform to estimate optimal extract conditions. Finally, 200, 400 and 600 ppm concentrations of optimized extracts were tested on live protscoleces from sheep and goat livers collected from Hamedan abbatoir. Results showed that Echinophora platyloba extract prepared with absolute ethanol in 24 hours could inactivate 100% of protoscolicess after 5, 15 and 30 minutes of exposure. This in vitro study suggest that ethanolic extract of Echinophora platyloba can potentially be applied in vivo.

By the advent of video games as an inseparable part of technology and education, the impact of such games on enhancing the level of teamwork has reached an unprecedented attention. The uppermost objective of this study was to investigate the miscellany of aspects influential on the improvement of teamwork among Iranian Air Force freshmen cadets.

To this end, 50 freshmen cadets participated in this research by playing Counter Terrorist Game in groups of five (10 groups). They were randomly assigned to each of the groups, however, they all were chosen from among volunteers to play the game with no specific randomization (convenience sampling). Each group played four rounds of the game in two consecutive days (each day two rounds) competitively against the computer. After the second day, participants were in depth interviewed about their lived experiences of playing video games with their coursemates utilizing semi-structured questions concerning various aspects of teamwork.

The researchers also observed the participants playing games and employed field notes in order to record the phenomenon under study. The data collected were meticulously transcribed and analyzed and data-driven themes were obtained using NVivo qualitative data analysis software version 12.

By conducting this study, it was revealed that there are ten main themes or categories in the context of game playing that can potentially lead towards learning teamwork features. The themes are goal-setting, identity-formation, premeditation, interaction, implementation, leadership, esprit de corps, companionship, trait and tact.

The process of applied research and experimentation in the second half of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century was not very integrated and its scope deserves research. The present study describes the status of the publication of documents in the field of couple therapy and the mapping of scientific cooperation networks of individuals, organizations, and countries, as well as the mapping of the peer network of reforms in the Scopus database from 1970 to 2020. The method of this research is descriptive and with a bibliometric approach. In this study, 2898 published documents on the subject of couple therapy from the Scopus database were analyzed by bibliography as a thematic search. Data analysis was performed using Scopus database analysis options and VOS viewer imaging software. The research findings show the upward trend in the publication of applied documents in the field of couple therapy in the last 20 years. The top five countries active in scientific production on the subject were the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Australia, respectively. The most productive journals identified were " Journal of Marital and Family Therapy ", " Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology ", " Family Process ", "Journal of Family Psychotherapy" and " Behavior Therapy ", respectively. In addition, there were two prolific writers, Christensen, A, and Johnson, S.M. The evolution of keyword concepts has also been studied in this study. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that in addition to couple therapy, special attention should be paid to the field of psychological education to improve relationships; because at present, the most important issue in the field of couple therapy is in prestigious journals and our country, not enough studies have been done.

Reducing patient length of stay (LOS) in hospitals reduces the high cost of chemotherapy and increases patient satisfaction.

This study aimed to present a combined model based on value engineering and the house of quality (HOQ) to improve the chemotherapy processes of hospitalized adult patients and reduce LOS and costs.

In this study, a cost and time model of the functions was drawn for the current chemotherapy process, and as a result, the duration and costs of a chemotherapy course were obtained. A simulation model corresponding to the process map was developed and the output was validated. Afterward, using the HOQmethod in the pre-study stage and collecting value engineering information, the real needs and wants of patients were transformed into quality characteristics, and by implementing other value engineering steps,5 scenarios were presented to improve the process and were tested on the validated simulation model.

The presented scenarios included the process scenario (17.29% time reduction and $ 537,827 cost reduction), medication delivery scenario (7.3% time reduction and $ 268,231 cost reduction), technology scenario (2% time reduction and $ 59,640 cost reduction), end-of-life scenario (20% reduction in time and no cost savings), home care scenario (14% reduction in time and $ 329,020 cost reduction).

By implementing these scenarios and improving the process, the treatment protocol was changed and caused an increase in the value index of the patient's LOS and a decrease in the waiting list for chemotherapy in the above hospital.