Audience-in-text in Quran, Bible, and Torah

“Audience” is an old term inherited from the oral communications era that can be found even in Aristotle’s communications writings of 2300 years ago. Those were people who would gather in one place as the audience to listen a speech, talk, or a discussion. Later on and after the invention of media, the people beyond the media – including religious published books – were also referred to as audience. This paper focuses on different types of audiences, which could be referred to as “audience-in-text”. We study audience-in-text in Quran, Bible, and Torah and divide them into two groups: major and minor. So the main questions are: Who are the major and minor audience-in-text for the normative statements (including must and must not statements) in each of these three holy books and what are their similarities and differences? The results obtained based on a Mixed Quantitative, Qualitative Content Analysis- which is called Deep Content Analysis -indicates various similarities and differences. In brief, we can conclude that about 95 percent of the audience-in-text in Quran is three groups of prophets, ordinary people, and special groups and individuals. About 93 percent of the audience-in-text in Torah is two groups of prophets and Jewish people. Finally, about 92 percent of the audience-in-text in Bible is four groups of Christians, special groups and individuals, Apostles, and ordinary people.In the end, we will also compare the audience-in-text for six normative statement groups of “We and God”, “We and social interactions”, “We and personal actions and characteristics”, “Responsibilities and methods for orthodoxy”, “We and the holy books, Holy times and holy places”, and “We and holy people” among three mentioned holy books.