Siorghal in the era of Ilqaniand Timuri

Siorghal is one of the most advanced and the most complete forms of feudalism in Iran.This economic and social phenomenon was inagurated in Iran in the period of Ale Jalayer.The latter Iranian Ilqans and the Torkmans too used it in varoustimes.InTimuridperiod,specially up to the death of Shahrokh,many small and large Siorghals were bestowed to the princes,commanders,clergies and bureacrats.AfterShahrokh’sdeath,and following the collapse of Timuri empire and the war between Timur’s children and grand children.The growth of siorghal stopped. Garagoyoonlu and AqqoyoonluTorkmans more or less used this method of feudalism.With the emergence of Safavids,manysiorghals were bestowed to military,civil,and religious officialls.In the rule of Shah Abbas I.the powerful and centralized government the siorghal lands were first limited and finally stopped.What was siorghal,and what features it had?This article tries to discuss the process of emergence,and the change in this social and economic.