Review on the Laboratory Diagnosis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a potentially fatal zeonosis disease caused by a tick-borne virus from the Bunyaviridae family. The CCHF virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of the Ixodid ticks or contact with the blood or tissues of CCHF patients or infected livestock. Human infections begin with the nonspecific febrile symptoms, but progress to a serious hemorrhagic syndrome with a case fatality rate of 2-50%. As Rapid and precise diagnosis approach is critical for control, treatment and detection of patients and is useful for epidemiological studies. We conducted a review study on the different research works on diagnosis field in the world and Iran scientific databases, according to laboratory diagnosis of CCHFin bio safety, sampling and diagnosis assays aspects. Laboratory Diagnosis of CCHF is based on three approaches: Virus Isolation, Serological assays (IIF, RPHA, and ELISA) and antigen detect assays (ELISA, RT-PCR, Real Time RT-PCR and Microarray) Early diagnosis is critical for patient therapy, prevention of potential nosocomial infections and in biological attacks. Also, the ability to distinguish between an infection with a reassortant and a non-reassortant variant may have prognostic value. According to Iranian health center facilities, we should design and established domestic methods in each three approaches especially in BSL4 facilities in Iran.