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Certainly, the trend in the treatment of diabetes by ethnomedicinal plants which have fewer side effects than chemical drugs has enhanced. Anthemis odontostephana Boiss has been recently known as an antioxidant, antiflammatory, and antimicrobial agent.
hematoprotective and nephroprotective properties of Anthemis odontostephana Boiss ethanolic extract (AOEE) on diabetic mice has been evaluated in the present study.
In this study, 70 mice were used. Diabetes was experimentally induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg) in 60 mice. After three days, they were divided randomly into 7 groups. Group I and II served as non-diabetic and untreated diabetic controls, respectively. Group III received 30 mg/kg glibenclamide orally. Groups IV, V, VI and VII were given 10, 30, 90 and 270 mg/kg, respectively of AOEE for 20 days orally. At 20th day, the mice were dissected and blood and Kidney samples of them collected for hematological and pathological parameters analysis.
Daily treatment of diabetic mice with several doses of AOEE especially AOEE270 significantly declined FBG levels and improved RBC, platelet and WBC parameters in comparison of untreated diabetic control. Also kidney of the treated diabetic mice with AOEE especially AOEE270 indicated significant improvement of the renal tissue compared to those of the untreated diabetic mice.
According to the obtained results, all doses of AOEE especially AOEE270 can improve hematological parameters and FBG changes and inhibits from kidney damages in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. It appears that AOEE can be utilized for treatment of diabetic as an antidiabetic drug.

Adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), known as adiponectin system, have some proven roles in the fat and glucose metabolisms. Several studies have shown that adiponectin can be considered as a candidate in linking metabolism to testicular function. In this regard, we evaluated the correlation between sperm mRNA abundance of adiponectin and its receptors, with sperm motility indices in the present study.
In this completely randomized design study, semen samples from 6 adult rams were fractionated on a two layer discontinuous percoll gradient into high and low motile sperm cells, then quantitative parameters of sperm motility were determined by computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA). The mRNA abundance levels of Adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were measured quantitatively using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in the high and low motile groups.
Firstly, we showed that adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) were transcriptionally expressed in the ram sperm cells. Using Pfaff based method qRTPCR, these levels of transcription were significantly higher in the high motile rather than low motile samples. This increase was 3.5, 3.6 and 2.5 fold change rate for Adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, respectively. Some of sperm motility indices [curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), linearity (LIN), wobble (WOB) and straightness (STR)] were also significantly correlated with Adiponectin and AdipoR1 relative expression. The correlation of AdipoR2 was also significant with the mentioned parameters, although this correlation was not comparable with adiponectin and AdipoR1.
This study revealed the novel association of adiponectin system with sperm motility. The results of our study suggested that adiponectin is one of the possible factors which can be evaluated and studied in male infertility disorders.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapy drug which causes deleterious effects on testicular tissue and increases free radicals in the body. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on testicular improvement in CP treated animals.
In this experimental study, 15 male mice (6-8 weeks) were divided into 3 groups. The control group received normal saline (0.1 ml/day), intraperitoneal (IP), CP group received CP (15 mg/kg/week, IP), and the CP group received EP (40 mg/kg/day, IP) plus CP. After 35 days, we assessed serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) along with histomorphometric and histochemical analyses of the testicles.
The mean thickness of the germinal epithelium, diameter of seminiferous tubules, and the number of Leydig cells in the CP group were higher than those of the CP group (P This study showed the ability of EP to reduce the destructive side effects of CP in the adult mice reproductive system.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate, intracellular parasite, which is widely spread in the world. The parasite is able to infect all warm-blooded hosts including humans and farm animals. The infection in humans often occurs after the ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing tissue cysts. Several methods have been applied to detect this parasite in contaminated foods. Recombinant antibodies are new generation of monoclonal antibodies, which are isolated via phage display technology from immune or non-immune phage libraries against target antigens. These antibodies are used for diagnosis of many different antigens and therapeutics proposes. The object of the present study was to isolate recombinant monoclonal antibodies against this important parasite. The purified Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen, P30, was coated to immunotubes and used as a target for selection of antibodies from the Tomlinson I and J phage display libraries of single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies. Clones that were able to recognize antigen were isolated in three rounds of binding, elution and amplification. The specificity of scFv antibodies chosen from the resulting panel, were confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), dot blotting and western blotting methods. Recombinant antibodies capable of recognizing P30 antigen were isolated with high affinity; and their specificity was approved. Isolated soluble single chain antibodies are good candidates to apply as monoclonal recombinant antibodies in diagnostic kits for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in contaminated samples.

Toxocariasis or visceral larva migrans syndrome is a disease that appears by attack of extra intestinal animal nematode larvae of Toxocara canis to the human tissues. The present study was performed to evaluate the frequency of Toxocara eggs in public parks of Shiraz /Iran. A total of 20 parks from different regions of shiraz city were selected, and from different parts of each park (children's play area, living area and four sides of the park) 10 surface soil samples were collected. In the laboratory, after washing and filtration with flotation method, microscopic study was done for parasitic elements. From total of 20 parks, 3 ones (15%) were infected with Toxocara eggs. Microscopic identification of eggs in each field ranged from 1 to 8 eggs. Furthermore, 2 polluted parks were in the south and one was in the North East of the city. Since the soils of some public parks are infected with Toxocara eggs, to reduce the risk of human contamination, preventative programs and more studies are recommended.

Bunium persicum Boiss. Belongs to Apiaceae family and its fruit contains high level of essential oils used as native medicinal plant in traditional medicine. The essential oil of Bunium persicum (EOBP) was extracted by Clevenger apparatus using hydrodistillation. Lethal dose, 50% (LD50) was calculated based on Lorke’s method. Effects of EOBP (20-80 mg/kg) on upper gastrointestinal transit and on castor oil-induced diarrhea were investigated in adult Wistar rats weighting 200-220 g of either sex. The LD50 was determined as 375 mg/kg. Abnormal behavioural activities included lethargy, weakness, recumbence, and slow and shallow respiration. EOBP (20 mg/kg) showed inhibitory effects more than atropine where high doses (40 mg/kg) had same inhibition in contrast with atropine. EOBP inhibited intestinal motility more than atropine at lower doses. EOBP inhibitory effect was enhanced with atropine insignificantly. The EOBP (20 and 80 mg/kg) also caused a dose-dependent decrease of diarrheal parameters and markedly protected rats against castor oil-induced diarrhea. The maximal effect of the EOBP was similar to loperamide, one of the most efficacious and widely employed antidiarrheal drugs at the present time. These primary data indicated that the plant may contain some biologically active constituents that may reveal antimotility and antidiarrheal effects and support the popular therapeutic use of Bunium persicum in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disorders.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate three thawing rates on the post thaw motility, viability and chromatin structure of buffalo semen frozen in 0.5-ml straws. In this experimental study semen was collected with artificial vagina (42˚C) from four buffalo bulls.Split pooled ejaculates (n=4) were extended at 37˚C with a Bioxcell® extender. Semen was cooled to 4˚C within 2 hours, equilibrated at 4˚C for 4 hours, then filled in 0.5 ml French straws, and frozen in programmable cell freezer before plunging into liquid nitrogen. Straws were thawed at water bath temperatures of 37, 50 or 70˚C for 30, 15 and 6 seconds, respectively. Semen was incubated at 37˚C for 2 hours and evaluated for post thaw motility, viability, acrosomal and DNA integrity of spermatozoa. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparisons of means. When the ANOVA test showed statistical differences, the mean of the treatments were compared using Duncan’s multiple range tests. The initial postthaw motility (0 hour) averaged 62.7 ± 7.2%, 73.1 ± 9.77%, and 74.9 ± 8.58% for the three thaw rates, respectively. Kinematic parameters such as average path velocity, linearity and beat/cross frequency in the thaw rate of 70˚C for 6 seconds were superior to other rates studied (p<0.05). After 2 hours of incubation, proportions of progressive motility and Kinematic parameters decreased in all groups (p>0.05). A positive correlation was detected between sperm motility and thawing rate after two hours incubation times. The percentage of viable spermatozoa and spermatozoa with an intact acrosome and plasma membrane integrity were not different between the groups of samples thawed at different temperatures (p>0.05). The percentage of spermatozoa with chromatin dispersion forthe thaw rate of 70˚C for 6 seconds was significantly higher than for the to other rates studied (p< 0.05). In contrast with motility and viability, the DNA integrity of post thaw spermatozoa remained unaffected during 2 hours incubation. The post thaw motility and kinematic parameters of buffalo spermatozoa were significantly improved immediately after thawing by increasing the thawing rate from 37˚C in 30 seconds to70˚C in 6 seconds. However, this relative advantage had disappeared after incubation in a water bath at 37˚C for two hours.A thaw rate of 70˚C for 6 seconds was associated with higher chromatin dispersion than the other thaw rates studied. Sperm thawing over at 50 degrees could be safely used to improve motility recovery after sperm cryopreservation in buffalo bulls.

Wound and its management are the most common health problems in human and veterinary medicine. Herbal therapy is becoming increasingly popular among patients and physicians. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 5% Urtica dioica ointment on full thickness wounds of nine cattle, were assessed by microscopic and macroscopic methods. After preparing the operating site, a total of two full thickness skin wounds (3×4 cm) were created on the both sides of neck of each cattle. The wounds were treated by Urtica dioica, and saline solution twice daily. On days 5, 11 and 21 specimens was collected from wounds and evaluated histologically. Our study showed significant difference between treated and control groups, in wound contraction and epithelization on days 21. In group treated with Urtica dioica ointment, the healing process was higher than from control group. There is not any different between treated and control groups on days 5 and 11 significantly. In conclusion, this study shows that the application of Urtica dioica increased the coetaneous wound healing in cattle.

Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L. family Berberidaceae) is well known in Iran, and various parts of this plant including its root, bark, leaf and fruit have been used in folk medicine. There are evidences that this plant contains several antibacterial agents and has been used as a food additive. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Berberis vulgaris root powder in the diets of broiler chickens on growth performance. One hundred thirty Arbor Acers day old chicks from both sexes (mean of Body weight: 40 g) were divided into two equal groups in a completely randomized design. Dried roots of Berberis vulgaris were powdered and added to the ration of experimental group at a rate of 1%. The measured traits in this study were: live body weight, feed consumption and eventual side effects (gross and histopathological lesions). Tissue samples of heart, liver and skeletal muscles were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histopathologic examination. Data were analyzed by two independent sample t-test, using SPSS/PC software. At six weeks of age, there was a significant and greater weight gain in chickens of experimental group (means ± S.D in experimental groups was 1822.2 ± 75.1 g versus 1662.8 ± 85.2 g in control group) (p≤0.05). On the basis of the results, addition of 1% Berberis vulgaris root powder exerts a positive effect on live body weight, reduce FCR and has no particular pathological effect, either macroscopic or microscopic, on the birds.

Mammalian spermatozoa are characterized by a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), but reliable data concerning dietary effects on fatty acid (FA) profile in ram's sperm and the persistency of FA in the ration to the FA in sperm has not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the stability of saturated and unsaturated FAs in ram's sperm despite removing FA sources from their diet. Nine Kalkoohi rams were used in a completely randomized design and they were assigned to 3 groups. The treatments were diet supplemented (35 g/d/ram) by C16:0 (RP-10®), C18: 2 (Sunflower oil; SO) and n-3 (Fish oil; FO) with Vitamin E. Fifteen weeks after the start of the supplemented diet, rams were offered a basal diet without any supplementary FA source for 35 days when the sperm’s FA ratio was determined. The data were analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of variance) using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS Institute. Thirty five days after removing the fat supplement from the diet, major FA in sperm consisted of: C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 cis, C18:2 cis and C22:6 n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The percentage of C14:0 (p=0.8) and C18:1 cis (P =0.4) were similar among all the treatments. Interestingly, 35 days after the removal of fatty acid source, the percentage of C22:6 was highest in the FO treated group. The different sperm FA profile among various groups suggests that dietary FA had significant direct or indirect impacts on sperm FA profile after 35 days which might lead to physical and chemical changes in sperm characteristics.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a potentially fatal zeonosis disease caused by a tick-borne virus from the Bunyaviridae family. The CCHF virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of the Ixodid ticks or contact with the blood or tissues of CCHF patients or infected livestock. Human infections begin with the nonspecific febrile symptoms, but progress to a serious hemorrhagic syndrome with a case fatality rate of 2-50%. As Rapid and precise diagnosis approach is critical for control, treatment and detection of patients and is useful for epidemiological studies. We conducted a review study on the different research works on diagnosis field in the world and Iran scientific databases, according to laboratory diagnosis of CCHFin bio safety, sampling and diagnosis assays aspects. Laboratory Diagnosis of CCHF is based on three approaches: Virus Isolation, Serological assays (IIF, RPHA, and ELISA) and antigen detect assays (ELISA, RT-PCR, Real Time RT-PCR and Microarray) Early diagnosis is critical for patient therapy, prevention of potential nosocomial infections and in biological attacks. Also, the ability to distinguish between an infection with a reassortant and a non-reassortant variant may have prognostic value. According to Iranian health center facilities, we should design and established domestic methods in each three approaches especially in BSL4 facilities in Iran.

Objective- Evaluation of the effect of different fasting times on the quality of propofol total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and recovery features.Design- Experimental prospective design.Animals- Fifteen lambs.Procedures- Fifteen lambs that anesthetized for carotid translocation surgery were included in this current study and allocated in to three groups randomly. In Group 1, food was withheld for 24 hours, with free access to the water. In Group 2 and 3 the food withhold time was 48 and 72 hours. In all animals the anaesthesia were induced by propofol (5 mg/kg) and maintained by continuous propofol infusion 0.41-0.45 mg/kg/hr for 60 minutes. Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (Temp) and invasive systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured during anaesthesia. Time to first swallowing attempt, time to lift the head and time to standing were recorded by videoing the animals. Results- Although the longest recovery times were recorded in group 3 but no significant difference were recorded between groups under study in all measured parameters. The only significant finding was the number of animals that were regurgitated during anaesthesia that was significantly higher in group 3.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Long food withdrawal could not alter different recovery times but regarding to higher regurgitation in group three and lower quality of anaesthesia in this group it seems that the best results were in group one.

Objective- To investigate the effect of intratendinous injection of bMSCs on the rate and extent of tendon healing after primary repair in a rabbit model. Design- Experimental study.Animals- Twenty seven skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits weighing 1.8- 2.5 kg were used. Twenty rabbits were used as the experimental animals, and seven others were used as a source of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Procedures- Under general anesthesia an experimental tenotomy was made through the midsubstance of the DDF tendon. The transected tendon was immediately repaired with use of a locking loop suture. No treatment was given to control group (n = 10). Rabbits in treatment group (n = 10) were subjected to receive bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Operated limbs were immobilized for two weeks post operatively. Samples from operated tendons were harvested at weeks of three and eight of operationfor histopathlogicalevaluation, which included evaluation of quantitative and qualitative assessment (twenty specimens). Results- Histological findings revealed that there were significant improvements in structural characteristics of granulation tissue.Neovascularization and cellular proliferation also increased at the synovial layer of the epitenon (increased thickness)in the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells intreatment group compared to the control group at the week three (P<0.05). At the week eight there were no differences between the groups with regard to histologic characteristics (P>0.05).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Intratendinous application of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells following primary tendon repair can significantly improve the histologicalparameters in the early stage of tendon healing. Early timeperiod during tendonhealing is crucial in the treatment of tendon injuries.

Case Description- An 8-year-old intact female Pekingese dog was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital with painless, reducible bilateral inguinal mass, approximately 6 months prior to presentation.Clinical Findings- Clinical and laboratory examinations showed no significant general symptoms. Radiographs of the caudal abdominal part revealed two soft tissue opacities at both sides of inguinal region and no gas was detected. Ultrasonography of the left mass revealed that the uterine horns were placed underneath the mammary tissue with normal echogenicity. On the Base of the clinical and paraclinical evaluations, inguinal herniation of uterine was diagnosed presumptively.Treatment and Outcome- Through ventral midline skin incision, both hernial sacs and rings were exposed. The left hernial sac was containing complete uterus, cervix, left fallopian tube and ovary and the right one was containing omentum and fat. Ovariohysterectomy was performed from the left inguinal ring and omentum and fat were reduced into the abdominal cavity through the right ring. Herniorrhaphy was carried out in both rings. Two months after the repair, there were no postsurgical complications, and the dog recovered uneventfully.Clinical Relevance- In the present case, in order to prevent the recurrence of the hernia and to stop breeding because of the probability of heritable nature of this disease, ovariohystrectomy was performed. In this report, as the entire uterus and ovaries were easily exposed from the left inguinal ring and to prevent extra trauma to the animal and shorten the operation time due to the midline celiotomy, ovariohystrectomy was carried out from the left inguinal ring without any problems.

Case Description- A 3-month-old, female mixed breed dog was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Ferdowsi University with an obvious deformity in its right forelimb.Clinical Findings- - In clinical examination, there was a separation from elbow joint to the end of digits and a long skin cleft between these separated regions was seen. Radiographic examination revealed a wide space between the radius and the ulna with a separated carpal joint. The limb had five digits which three of them were at the ulnar side and the others were at radial side. The characteristic proximal and distal carpal bone rows and distal radioulnar joint were absent.Treatment and Outcome- According to the clinical and radiographic findings the ectrodactyly was diagnosed, but upon to the owner'' disagreement, the amputation was not done.Clinical Relevance- Ectrodactyly is a rare anomaly which can usually be treated surgically. In extremely severe cases such as the case described, amputation of the affected limb should be done.

Objective- introduce and evaluate modified surgical technique in repair of third grade perinea lacerations in mares.Design- descriptive study.Animals- ten mares.Procedures- The tissue between rectal and vagina mucosa was incised in the way that the lower rectal mucosa was entirely separated from upper vaginal mucosa and a flap was consequently induced in both sides. The septum between rectum and vagina was sutured by a six bite pattern at the same time with simple interrupted suturing of rectal mucosa using 0 vicryl. The skin of the perineal body was closed with 1 or 2 absorbable or nonabsorbabale suture material in a horizontal mattress pattern.Results- The observations of surgical region during a month after surgery demonstrated that there were no signs of complete dehiscence, partial dehiscence and rectovestibular fistula. and primary healing had effectively occurred. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- As the lesion recovered completely and there were no signs of fistula, rectal stenosis and reversion to pneumovagina, it is advisable to use this modified method for laceration.

Objective- Comprehensive functional, histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical assessment of sciatic nerve regeneration through an inside-out vein graft in rat. Design- Experimental in vivo study.Animals- Fifty- four healthy male White Albino rats. Procedures- The rats were divided into three experimental groups (n=18), randomly: Sham operation (NC), Transected control (TC) and Inside-out vein graft (IOVG). In NC group after anesthesia the left sciatic nerve was exposed through a gluteal muscle incision and after careful homeostasis the muscle was sutured. In TC group the left sciatic nerve was exposed the same way, transected proximal to the tibio-peroneal bifurcation leaving a 10 mm gap. In IOVG group the left sciatic nerve was transected the same way and proximal and distal stumps were each inserted into an inside-out vein graft. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups of six animals each and were studied 4, 8, 12 weeks after surgery.Results- Functional analysis showed significant improvement of nerve function in IOVG than in TC group (P < 0.05). Morphometric indices and immuohistochemistry indicated that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between IOVG and TC groups 12 weeks after surgery.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Inside-out vein graft technique has offered the hope of providing a biological method for achieving the peripheral nerve regeneration in the least harmful way that is available, easily performed and affordable. It also averts the need for foreign materials that are likely to provoke a foreign body reaction.

Objective- to assess the feasibility and reproducibility of two and three dimensional color and power Doppler imaging of the vasculature of the normal canine orbit and eye. Design- descriptive study.Animals- 10 mixed breed mature dogs (6 female & 4 male) weighing 14.9±1.89 kg.Procedures- In this method the transducer is placed on the eyelid. Ultrasonographic imaging was performed using a Voluson 730 pro Machine with a 2D linear multi frequency transducer (6-12MHz) and a D linear multi frequency transducer (5-12MHz). Results- Vessels identified a majority of the cases (>50%) in 2D and 3D color and power ultrasonography included: external ophthalmic artery (EOA), internal ophthalmic artery (IOA), long posterior artery (LPA), short posterior artery (SPA), dorsal ophthalmic vein (DOV), ventral ophthalmic vein (VOV), and ciliary artery (CA). the vessels imaged less frequently included: retinal artery and internal ophthalmic vein.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Reproducibility of 3D power and color Doppler was similar with 2D ultrasonography. The present study showed that 3D ultrasonography did not have any superiority to 2D in the eye vascular detection which could be because of small size and low velocity of the vessels in the organ.

Objective-This study was aimed at evaluating the protective effect of Origanum vulgare on the alleviation of halothane-induced hepatotoxicity in rat.Design- Experimental study.Animals- Thirty two 3.5 – 4 month-old, male, Wistar albino rats.Procedures- The animals were allocated to 4 groups for 7 days as follows: Groups N (Normal) and H (Halothane), who have just received drinking water without Origanum extract, while Groups O (Origanum) and T (Treatment) received Origanum vulgare extract (20 mg/kg body weight) during experimental period in drinking water. Groups H and T exposed to the halothane 2% for 2 hours on 6th day of study. The blood sample was taken from all animals on 7th day, and hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed.Results- Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (T-BIL), direct bilirubin (D-BIL) and indirect bilirubin (I-BIL) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) by halothane anesthesia in comparison with normal animals. The mentioned parameters were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in group T compared with group H, except ALP and I-BIL (P >0.05). There were no significant differences in biochemical parameters between groups N and O (P >0.05).Amount of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and neutrophil percentage were increased and lymphoctes percentage was decreased significantly in group H in comparison with groups N and T (P < 0.05), But there were no significant differences in other hematological parameters such as PCV, RBC, MCV, MCH and WBC between the groups. There were no significant differences in hematological parameters between groups N and O (P >0.05).

Objective- To find normal value of thickness of the lens capsules in domesticated rabbits by ultrasonography. Design- experimental in vivo study and clinical trial.Animals- Twelve matured and immature domesticated rabbit. Procedures- The eyes of 12 non anaesthetized domesticated rabbits were sonograophed using a linear 6-12 MHz high frequency transducer. The thickness of anterior and posterior capsule of the lens was measured in millimeter (mm). All measurements’ were done only by one experienced radiologist and confirmed by another radiologist. Mean and standard errors were calculated statistically by spss statistical software. Results were compared with ultrasonography of the eye of 75 rabbits referred to different small animal clinic and sonographed by a radiologist.Results- The measurement of the thickness of anterior and posterior capsule of both eyes was 0.3979 ± 0.03255. The mean value and standard deviation of 75 clinically studied rabbits was 0.3933 ± 0.02552.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- The thickness of lens capsule can be measured by ultrasonography and this value can be used for diagnosis of production of capsular cataract either experimentally or acquired in rabbit. There was no significant difference.

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the zoonotic plague infection, is a major public health concern both as a threat and potential bioweapon. The objective of the present study was to establish a uniplex and multiplex - polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for the specific detection of Y. pestis. PCR reactions performed by three pair primers which targeted the caf and pla genes located on the pFra and pPst plasmids and the irp chromosomal gene located on the ‘pathogenicity island’. After TA cloning of the PCR products, the test’s limit of detection (LOD) was determined. For evaluating the specificity, PCR reactions were performed with negative control bacteria. Assays were performed with the genome of Y. pestis which produced three DNA fragments of the expected sizes 00, 400 and 50 bp which corresponded to the irp, caf and pla genes, respectively. The lower LoD was 70 copy numbers for the caf gene and for the pla gene. In PCR reactions that used negative control bacteria, detectable fragments were not observed. Our method clearly discriminated Y. pestis DNA. The rapidity, specificity and sensitivity of this procedure suggest that it can serve as a useful alternative method for the inoculation of laboratory animals or the use of specific culture media for routine plaque surveillance and outbreak investigations. Another vital result of this study was the establishment of Y. pestis molecular detection technique in Iran.

In the industrial world, almost everyone is unavoidably exposed to ambient electromagnetic field (EMF) generated from various technical and household appliances. Controversy exists about the effects of EMF on various tissues of the living bodies. Uterus play an important role in reproductive and the effects of EMF on its tissue is worthy of investigation. In order to examine this, 40 rat were selected and kept for one weeks in quarantine and 0 rats subdivided to two groups were exposed to 50 Hz (non-ionizing radiation) for 6 weeks, one of this exposed group received 0.7 g/kg Ocimum basilicum, other experimental group just received 0.7 g/kg Ocimum basilicum, The materials were processed and observed apoptosis under a light microscope. In the experimental rats apoptotic cells showed significantly increased in emf groups, but in exposed group that received Ocimum basilicum, apoptotic cells were decreased (p<0.05). As exposure to EMF may result in pathological changes then lead to sub fertility and infertility, Since in our study 0.7 g/kg Ocimum basilicum have significantly Preventive effect on uterus cells damages by reducing number of Apoptotic cells, so it seems that using it can be effective for treatment in emf exposed Rat.

Thyme (Zataria multiflora Boiss.) is one of the Iranian traditional spices and it has antimicrobial effect on the pathogenic bacteria which are agents for some current food borne intoxications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil on V. parahaemolyticus in salted (8% Nacl in tissue) silver carp. Effect of different concentrations of this Essential oil (0.0%, 0.045%, 0.35%, 0.405%, 0.80 %) on behavior of V. parahaemolyticus in two temperatures (5, 5˚C) was determined by evaluation of the bacterial growth in salted fish fillets. The essential oil in used concentrations had significant inhibitory effect on the growth of V. parahaemolyticus in salted fish compare with control treatment during the storage time (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between all treatments. The results showed that Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil had inhibitory effect on V. parahaemolyticus, therefore it can be considered as a natural preservative in salted fish.

The main objective of this study was to compare the quality and effectiveness of the sedimentation velocity at unit gravity (SVUG) method with the percoll density gradient centrifugation method in the separation of spermatogenic cells in order to introduce a simple and cost-effective method. In this study, the testes from male mice (NMRI strain) were obtained and transferred to Ham's F0 medium. With the use of the mechanical and enzymatic digestion method, spermatogenic cells were isolated. Spermatogenic cell separation was undertaken with both the percoll gradient centrifugation and sedimentation velocity at unit gravity (SVUG) methods based on human serum albumin (HSA) gradients. Subsequently the May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) staining method was used to identify isolated cells. The combined method possibly could isolate a purer fraction of spermatogenic cells. This method (SVUG and Percoll Gradients Centrifugation combination) has the potential to be used as a simple and effective method for the isolation of spermatogenic cells for diagnostic or research purposes.