The influence of international laws on the normative systems of domestic legal frameworks, particularly in the field of law, is a critical and interdisciplinary issue that has sparked significant debate and challenges in contemporary times. Within domestic legal systems, obstacles such as prioritizing cultural relativism and favoring specific cultural and legal frameworks hinder the penetration of international laws and regulations into domestic law. Peremptory norms or lawmaking provisions have played a central role in transforming and influencing domestic legal systems. Various components of a cohesive legal and judicial system, as observed in domestic law, are similarly reflected in international legal systems, albeit in different forms. This influence is examined in a concrete manner in the present study. In the Iranian legal system, numerous values from international law have influenced the adoption and modification of both substantive and procedural laws over the years. This issue is analyzed in detail in this article. The primary research question is: What are the effects of the globalization of cyber criminal law on the Iranian legal system? The author's hypothesis posits that the elements of cyber criminal law, as norms or standards of international law, have achieved global recognition. While they may not directly influence constitutional laws, they have notably impacted domestic systems, particularly the cyber criminal laws of various countries. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical. Overall, it can be concluded that domestic legal systems have little choice but to acquiesce to certain international values and norms, while retaining the right to accede or join specific treaties in other cases.

In the classical system of international law, states have largely used religion as an instrument in their reciprocal relations. This “instrumental” interpretation of religion was often a reason of conflict rather the ground of religious freedom. Since its origins, yet, the international legal system has changed and it is reasonable to ask what role religion plays at present day in international relations.  The present article aims at suggesting that religion – or more exactly “religiosity” – can be an element of diplomacy. Taking the transformation from International to “global law” into account, this article promotes a constructive, not-more instrumental, role of religion, useful to prevent the States from the use of force. In so doing, it offers some insights into the differences between “religion” and “religiosity” in the contemporary human rights’ discourse; analyzes the recent involvement of religious leaders in global law; presents the emergence of a new methodology, called “Religious Diplomacy”. This methodology is supported by the increased number of international provisions encouraging a major engagement of religious actors into diplomacy. As a result, international community could enhance human religiosity as a factor of diplomacy. International organizations such as United Nations, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and European Union should use their convening power to initiate new, multi-layered frameworks of engagement, inclusive of the representatives of global religions. This could make multilateralism more fit for purpose and have a major impact over time on the global peaceful relations among states and international actors.

The primary focus of this research is to elucidate the views of two esteemed contemporary Qurānic exegetes and jurists regarding changes that have occurred in Islamic international law. Islamic international law, also known as siyar (lit. conducts), has, for a long period, not seen the same sort of expansion and change witnessed in the methods and subject-matters of current international relations. Some of these failings are related to the methodology of this Islamic and international discipline lacking relevant development. In the present research, which has been conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner, the theoretical foundations and legal workings of the two mentioned scholars have been compared based upon the most important subject of international law, i.e., the international relations of Islamic countries with their counterparts in the two areas of war and peace.  The findings of this research, conducted as a comparative study, indicate that the views of Ayatullah Khamenei are resolutely sound, as they are based on a well-grounded method in understanding the verses of the Glorious Qur’ān and on a new and precise analysis of expediency that runs parallel with the apparent meanings of the verses dealing with war and peace. This, in its own place, has the potential to generate substantial changes in the field of Islamic international law and create avenues for it to have appropriate interactions with current international law.

The traditional approach to international law granted states an absolute monopoly in making international law and it discussed the rights and powers of states as a sole subject of international law. However, the proliferation of norms made by non-state actors raises questions with regard to the status of the actors as well as the legitimacy of the norms in the international fora, while it alsochallenges the state-centric orientation of international law. In consideration of the foregoing, customary law—whichwas traditionally comprised of two statebased elements of practice and opinio juris, as an important source of international law—has been faced with a strand of inquiry: can non-state actors generate international customs? Through 1) an in-depth survey of scholarly arguments regarding law-making in certain circumstances that could also belong to private parties; and 2) a close examination of the lex mercatoria as an example of existing international customs developed by non-state actors, this article tries to clarify a) the legitimacy crisis of a more inclusive approach to international law and b) proposes opportunities whereby non-state actors could participate in the law-making process.

“The Legal Implications of the United States' Strike on General Soleimani, His Associates and Iran's Response” offers a comprehensive examination of the assassination of General Soleimani from the perspective of international law.  This book sheds light on the subject by delving into the various dimensions of international law, including international treaty law, international criminal law, the use of force in international law, humanitarian law, and the fight against terrorism, with a focus on elucidating the act of terrorism committed by the United States. The book's strengths lie in its emphasis on international treaties and its reflection of Eastern thought regarding the assassination of an anti-terrorism hero within the framework of international law. Furthermore, the book seeks to establish legal convergence in the Middle East regarding the assassination of General Soleimani and to counter United States’ Lawfare against Iran's authorities. However, the book falls short in failing to address certain recent developments, such as changes in foreign policy after the Trump Administration, Iran's intention to bring the case before the International Court of Justice, and the conclusion of legal proceedings concerning General Soleimani's assassination in Iran and Iraq.

The Encyclopedia of Public International Law in Asia copyrighted in 2021(3 regional volumes) is an invaluable work of numerous distinguished authors. This comprehensive collection drafted by eminent academic scholars, describes how Asian States deal and interact with public international law. The book organized in 16 State Volumes, reveals the examination of international law and its application in Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central and South Asia. This reference work has a distinctive feature, compared with others of the genre, in the way that it places a strong focus on the States as the main actors in law-making and law enforcement in international law. Numerous timely issues in international law are covered in each State Volume. Thus this encyclopedia offers a thorough consideration of the many dimensions of Asian States’ approaches to international matters. Iran Volume is also included in the book which will be briefly analyzed in this book review. In this brief text, I will try to give a short overview of the book’s main points and discuss some detailed opinions about it.

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies has precipitated a paradigm shift in various sectors, including the creative industries, thereby posing intricate challenges and opportunities for copyright law. This article aims to comprehensively analyze the influence of AI on copyright law, delineating the multifaceted implications of AI-generated content on traditional legal frameworks. Employing a systematic review methodology, the article examines scholarly research, legal frameworks, case studies, and policy proposals to unravel the complexities at the intersection of AI and copyright law. The key findings reveal conceptual challenges related to authorship, originality, and the application of moral rights to AI-generated works, alongside legal ambiguities stemming from the international variance in copyright law adjustments. The analysis also highlights significant legal cases and policy initiatives, particularly within the European Union and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), which are pivotal in shaping the evolving discourse on copyright law in the digital and AI age. The article underscores the pressing need for legal adaptation and international collaboration to accommodate the novel realities introduced by AI, advocating for a balanced approach that fosters innovation while protecting intellectual property rights. The implications of this study are far-reaching, suggesting that the future of copyright law lies in its ability to evolve in response to technological advancements, thereby ensuring that it continues to fulfill its role in promoting creativity and cultural enrichment in a rapidly changing digital landscape. Through this exploration, the article contributes to the ongoing dialogue among legal scholars, policymakers, and stakeholders, calling for further research and legislative action to address the challenges and opportunities presented by AI in the copyright domain.

The manuscript reviews Iraq’s Aggression against Iran And The United Nations Position through a generative reading as a valiant contribution to International Relations, International Law, history, and knowledge production. Such works are vital to have an encompassing view of the international, avoid erasure of histories (and human experiences), and ensure visibility on a global scale. The book delivers its promise of being a source for understanding the legal and international institutions dynamic during the Iraq-Iran war. It also offers the chance other researchers to build on this volume to grasp a more global history of aggression in international law manuscript reviews Iraq’s Aggression against Iran And The United Nations Position through a generative reading as a valiant contribution to International Relations, International Law, history, and knowledge production. Such works are vital to have an encompassing view of the international, avoid erasure of histories (and human experiences), and ensure visibility on a global scale. The book delivers its promise of being a source for understanding the legal and international institutions dynamic during the Iraq-Iran war. It also offers the chance other researchers to build on this volume to grasp a more global history of aggression in international law.

Due to human dignity and the necessities of human rights respect, we should find the best ways for promoting human rights and international humanitarian law. The Iranian civil society as one of international community member has always been eager to learn human rights and international humanitarian law (IHL). Political and economic features of Middle East add to importance of promoting and training humanitarian law in Iran. The main question is how can we institutionalize training international humanitarian law in the country like Islamic Republic of Iran? Researchers believe that official education is more helpful. Despite the author believes that the unofficial educations are more effective in institutionalizing humanitarian law in an Islamic Iran. To test this theory, the researcher uses observation, test and assessment of research results with regard to training humanitarian law in Iran. Also, texts related to official and unofficial modern education of humanitarian law, as well as modern methods for training humanitarian law will be studied and compared with traditional methods used to teach humanitarian law.

Independence in responsibility is something that has been specified in different legal systems, with different titles and propositions, based on reason and fairness. According to this principle, the government or international organization is responsible for behavior that is considered a violation of their international obligations and is attributed to them. On the other hand, a system of jurisprudential rules such as the minister's rule and its supplementary rules (as the issue of this article) will include provisions for the development and advancement of the principle of independent responsibility. The necessity of the independent international responsibility of the government is one of the most important issues of international law in the contemporary era; Moreover, it has a close relationship with other areas of international law, especially the issue of international peace and security. Therefore, the legal development of this debate based on jurisprudence and its introduction to the field of international law will lead to the development of the guarantee of the implementation of international law and will have useful and valuable effects on the international responsibility of the government. Based on this, the purpose of this descriptive-analytical writing is to develop this legal entity found in the United Nations International Law Commission by presenting the fruits of the jurisprudence rule and its supplementary rules to the field of international law, in order to guarantee The interests of small powers against big powers and the enrichment and efficiency of international law are with the help of Islamic thought.