In this study, the concentration-number fractal method was used for regional exploration studies, and determining the anomalies of copper, lead and zinc elements. For this purpose, 800 samples of stream sediments were selected from the rivers in the area (i.e. from Kahak and Aran geological maps, 1: 100,000 sheets) and then the anomalies of these elements were mapped. The results show that strong copper anomalies are observed in the northern, central, southern and western parts of the area and the highest lead anomalies are located in the western part of the area. Strong anomalies of the zinc element are located in the central, southern and western parts of the region. These anomalies coincide with the lithological units of andesitic- basalt lava, volcanic breccia, tuffs, dacites, small scale masses of quartz -diorite, and small-scale masses of quartz-monzonite. The obtained map from combining anomalies and faults map reveals that the anomalies are mostly concentrated in fault zones and fault intersection points in the area and faults play a fundamental role in ore mineralization.

Potential field anomalies are usually superposed large-scale structures and small-scale structures anomalies. Separation of these two categories of anomalies is the most important step in the data interpretation. Different methods have been introduced for these types of work, but most of them are the semi-automatic methods. In this paper, empirical mode decomposition method is used to differentiate regional and residual anomalies. This automatic method is based on extraction of the intrinsic oscillatory modes of data. Efficiency of this method is investigated on both synthetic and real data acquired on Tromspberg area of South Africa. Different results show that this technique have higher accuracy than conventional methods like as polynomial fitting.

The Khoshnameh altered area is located about 20 km south of Khalkhal (Ardebil province) and lies in the Hashjin metallogenic district. The formation of extensive serictic, argillic, silicic, chloritic and iron oxides alterations in the Chenar, Mahmudabad and east of Khoshnameh, as well as the copper-lead-zinc mineralization events (e.g. Senjedeh, Shalvali and Ommabad) appears to be intimately affiliated to the fluids derived from upper Oligocene granodiorite intrusions which were emplaced within the Eocene trachy-basalt, andesite and pyroclastic rocks. The key point of this research is to investigate the preference of the Stage Factor Analysis (SFA) to evaluate the geochemical dispersion of mineralization and the visualization of real anomalies throughout the Khoshnameh area. Since the concentration of rock forming elements that are not related to mineralization has a negative effect on the factor privilege of elements, then the number of factors to increase the severity of anomalies must be reduce. For this purpose, initially nine factors were calculated based on the chemical composition of the samples. At this stage, non-representative elements and elements that did not participate in any of the factors were identified and removed from the data set and factor analysis was re-applied. After applying three stages of analysis on the data, the most effective predictive and important factors in terms of mineralization were deduced. Consequently, the number of factors decreased to 5. Therefore, using this method increases the prediction rate and success of the exploration, compared to the typical factor analysis method. Thus, the probable anomalies of Ba, Sn, Pb and Mo mineralization from the first factor and As, Cd and Sb mineralization from the fourth factor are predicted and introduced.

Mohsen Ebneh Ali Area is located in the southeast of Borujerd، the northwest of Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. The main Lithology of the area includes Mesozoic volcano-sedimentary rocks which metamorphosed in green schist facies. Heavy mineral study and non-magnetite fractionۥs trace elements analysis helped to indicate source of rocks. The identified Heavy minerals are grain of gold، Stibnite، Sulfur، Orpiment، Malachite and Pyrite. The identified heavy metallic minerals are principally affiliated with different altrations and ore-bearing zones. Lithogeochemical exploration presented two main 1- utilization of minor and trace elements characterize samples concluded to the identification of anomalous spots. 2- Study of primary lithogeochemical aureoles and development of zoning model for determination of blind gold deposits in the study area. According to the present study، gold anomalous zone is in the centeral part of the map and intersection to the trend of metavolcanic rocks. Dominant host rocks of the anomalous area are intermediate and mafic metavolcanics with Chloritization، Carbonatization and Silicification and Hematitized wall rock altrations. The results of analysis show that (Au5-Ag74-Sb1471) PPM and (As1%). The Calculated correlation coefficient in the correlation matrix of elements shows a maximum gold positive correlation with As، Ag، Cu، Pb and Zn. The study of primary aureoles reveals a vertical zoning and determines the partial and general sequence of the zonal of elements [W-Cr-Co- Mo-V-Bi-Cu- (Au) -Cd-Zn-Pb-Ag-Sb-As-Ba]. This sequence and zoning model reveals a close similarity between primary lithogeochemical aureoles pattern and zonal elements of base metals and gold deposits. The correlation between heavy mineral studies and lithogeochemical exploration and field study show that there is a probability of gold mineralization in the study area.

The Salafchegan quartz diorite pluton which is located at 45 km southwest of Qom, has intruded sandstone and sandy limestone of the Upper Red Formation as small subvolcanic intrusion. A zigzag pattern of major and trace elements variations in these intrusive rocks, from margin to the center of the pluton, may indicate periodical magma chamber refreshments. These subvolcanic rocks show geochemical calc-alkaline affinity and in the case of aluminum saturation index, they could be classified as meta-aluminous rocks, similar to I type granitoids. These rocks are enriched in LILE, and LREE but depleted in HREE. In addition, they show negative anomalies of Nb and Ti, low Ce/Pb, high Ba/La and Ba/Th ratios associated with high Al content. They illustrate porphyritic texture accompanied by inequilibrium phenocrysts such as zoned plagioclase or reaction rims surrounding hornblende crystals. Based on petrographical studies and geochemical analysis, it could be suggested that the parent magma of these subvolcanic rocks was related to a subduction zone and has emplaced in a magmatic arc.

Andesitic-dacitic subvolcanic domes of Nudeh Enghelab and Kuh Kamartang are located in the northern domains of the Sabzevar ophiolitic belt, and in the northeast part of the Central Iran structural zone. Geochemically, the studied rocks exhibit a metaluminous, calc-alkaline to high k-calc-alkaline nature, and are enriched in LILE and LREE and depleted in HFSE, HREE and negative anomaly in TNT elements, and have formed in an environment related to subduction zone. With attention to their other geochemical characteristics, such as a silica content (SiO2>61wt%), Al2O3>15wt%, MgO<2.2wt%, Na2O>3.3wt%, Sr/Y>24, La/Yb>8, can be classified these rocks as high silica adakites. The petrographical, geochemical and isotopic ((87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7047-0.7045, ƐNdi=6.02-6.10) characteristics display that the studied high silica adakites have been originated from partial melting of subducted oceanic slab of Neo-Tethys (Sabzevar sea/ocean sub-branch) under the Turan plate in amphibolite to garnet amphibolite facies and during the ascent to high levels, they show very little assimilation and contamination with continental crust.