Summary Anomaly and lead-zinc index recognition of an area between Tappeh-Sorkh and Gushfil, in Irankouh Pb- Zn mine, near Isfahan, was investigated. Interpretation for 12 elements, using 804 soil samples, was conducted. After early activities for censored data correction and transforming data for preparing normal distribution, anomalies recognition and separation were done using classical statistics, fractal and EDA (Exploratory Data Analysis) methods. Plotted anomalies maps prepared by three methods, show good conformity. Therefore, further studies in the regions showed overlapping resulted anomalies by three methods. Also detailed exploration by using geophysical IP methods was proposed.
Introduction Irankouh mine is located in Irankouh Mountains, 25 km southwest of the Isfahan city. Four mining area, including Tappeh-Sorkh, Gushfil, Khane – Gorgi are distinguished and their ore reserve has been determined separately. The aim of this research was anomaly and lead-zinc index recognition in the area between Tappeh-Sorkh and Gushfil. In this research 804 soil samples were taken and analyzed for 35 elements, but for interpretation only 12 elements were used. Anomalies recognition and separation were conducted using classical statistics, fractal and EDA (Exploratory Data Analysis) methods.
Methodology and Approaches In the first step censored values were corrected, then the normality test on corrected datasets accomplished and showed that Ca, Mg and S have normal distribution. Other elements, which did not show normal distribution, were normalized by Log – normal and 3-parameters log distribution methods. Based on the parameters obtained from classical statistics and standard formula the anomaly and the background values were separated, using area- concentration model of fractal method. Also separation of anomaly from background in EDA method, was done with boxplot. Then the anomaly maps of elements for 3 methods were plotted.
Results and Conclusions Comparison of the maps prepared by three methods, showed a good conformity. Since fractal is a structural method, it is more reliable. Further studies in the regions showed overlapping resulted anomalies by three methods. Pb, Zn and Cd were expanded in North-west, center and South-east. For more confirmation, detailed exploration by using geophysical IP methods is suggested in this area.

Potential field anomalies are usually superposed large-scale structures and small-scale structures anomalies. Separation of these two categories of anomalies is the most important step in the data interpretation. Different methods have been introduced for these types of work, but most of them are the semi-automatic methods. In this paper, empirical mode decomposition method is used to differentiate regional and residual anomalies. This automatic method is based on extraction of the intrinsic oscillatory modes of data. Efficiency of this method is investigated on both synthetic and real data acquired on Tromspberg area of South Africa. Different results show that this technique have higher accuracy than conventional methods like as polynomial fitting.

The gravity anomalies include gravity effects of underground structures and ore bodies، which have different densities and located in different depths. Anomaly separation methods such as trend analysis، filtering and analytical continuations، discriminate and separate the residual data from the regional components and reveal the position of the underground structures and ore bodies in the study area. Although there were some improvements in anomaly separation methods in the past decades، but there are in doubts in the determination of the anomaly boundaries. On the other hand، the removed regional anomalies still contain the effects of the residual values، which are anomaly values in reality. Modeling of raw data on probability plots is a method for determination of regional and residual trends (different sub- populations) and the exact threshold value for each effect or component (or sub-population). In this method، the data shows the boundaries of different components (regional and residual). The basic theory of probability plots modeling have been compared with the common gravity anomaly separation methods in this paper.

Due to dipolar nature of magnetic anomaly, symmetric causative magnetic bodies located anywhere other than magnetic poles produce asymmetric anomaly, which causes complicated interpretation. Using RTP technique these asymmetric anomalies are converted to that are observed in magnetic poles. This technique is usually utilized in the frequency domain in which induces noise in dataset. Other limitation is restricting the application of the algorithm to regions with constant geomagnetic inclination and declination. Various algorithms have been devised to solve this problem. In this regard, the method based on Taylor’s series expansion of RTP data in mean value of inclination and declination in studied area has been devised. This method has been applied on magnetic data from Siriz Iron ore mine and their results are compared to the frequency domain RTP.

In this research, temporal and spatial variability of the magnetic anomaly induced by hydro-physical parameters have been simulated using MIT-gcm numerical model. In this modeling, the discretization of equations has been done using finite volume method. The results specify the space and seasonal variability of magnetic anomaly in the study region. In winter and spring, a magnetic anomaly can be observed in the south of Persian Gulf, which its maximum intensity reaches from 30nT in winter to 20nT in spring. In summer, two magnetic anomaly bands form in the north and south of the Persian Gulf. In autumn, these two narrow bands shift to the Centre of the Persian Gulf and combine together then produce an extended band of anomaly of magnetic field in the center of the Persian Gulf.

The Khondab 1:100000 geological map as one of the high-potential areas for Pb and Zn ore deposits is located in the northern part of the Malayer-Aligudarz-Isfahan metallogenic belt in iran. In this study, classic statistical, Singularity Index analysis, remote sensing, weight of evidence (WofE) and structural analysis methods, have been applied for the separation of geochemical anomalies from background of the Pb and Zn metals in the studied area. In general, 2006 stream sediment geochemical samples analyzed using the ICP-MS method have been used. the classic statistical method (Mean+nSTEV) indicates that the threshold values for the Pb and Zn metals 30.75 ppm and 153.18 ppm, respectively. In the maps derived from the Singularity Index (SI) hidden and weak anomalies are better represented, and a better overlap with limestone as the major host rock of Pb and Zn deposits (MVT type), fault density and alterations in the study area are shown. Moreover, the anomalies obtained from this method high overlap with the Pb and Zn mines and deposits in the region. In general, in this study, it has been founded that lead in the south and northeast, and zinc in the northeast and center of the region exhibit the highest anomaly, in which the probability of the presence of MVT deposits is very high. On the other hand, the obtained anomalies show a high correlation with the Cretaceous limestone units and fault zone of the region, which are directly related to the Pb and Zn mineralization.

Cerebral nocardiosis is a rare complication in patients who receive immunosuppressants, those with malignancy, AIDS, and transplant recipients. Case Report: Herein we present a case of Crohn’s disease who was being treated with prednisolone, salazine and azathioprine but suddenly faced a decrease in the level of consciousness and presented with the signs of focal neurologic deficit. Imaging studies revealed brain abscess and the patient underwent a surgery. Bacterial cultivation and histologic examination indicated cerebral nocardiosis and the patient was successfully treated with antibiotics. As far as we know, this was the first case of cerebral nocardiosis in a patient with Crohn’s disease who was receiving salazine, prednisolone and azathioprine. So far no similar case has been reported in English articles.

Potential field anomalies consist of regional and residual anomalies، which are due to large scale and local structures، respectively. Based on intent and scale of potential field surveying the regional or residual anomalies are applied. Anomaly separation methods are divided into two methods as graphical and analytical methods. Although anomaly separation using graphical methods have more correlation with geological features، when encountering the large-scale datasets، the analytical methods produce results that are more acceptable. There are different analytical methods but most important methods are trend surface analysis، wavelength filtering، field continuation and vertical derivative، which in this paper these methods، are applied on aeromagnetic data from Abadeh quadrangle. From regional magnetic map of studied area، Shirkooh granite area in northeast، Dehshir– Baft fault with NW-SE trend and Taghestan plain are resolved.

Remote sensing techniques made it possible to study thermal anomalies prior to major earthquakes regardless of complications in comprehending earthquake mechanisms. Thermal pre-cursors are one the main resources for earthquake prediction. In this article, land surface temperature, atmospheric temperature, surface latent heat flux and outgoing long-wave radiation have been studied to detect anomalies prior to Varzaghan (August 11, 2012), Boushehr (April 9, 2013) and Saravan (April 16, 2013) earthquakes.
To detect earthquake related anomalies, time series of each pre-cursor has been produced within the period of earthquake, land surface temperature and atmospheric temperature were acquired from MODIS products, surface latent heat flux from GLDAS library and outgoing long-wave radiation from AIRS products. These time series were predicted by an artificial neural network with ant colony optimization training method. The results of this study were compared with artificial neural network with Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm. It has been shown that 10 to 13 days before Varzaghan earthquake, anomalies has appeared in all of the mentioned precursors, in case of Boushehr earthquake 6 to 9 days before the event, anomalies appeared in atmospheric temperature and outgoing long-wave radiation and also a strong anomaly appeared in surface latent heat flux 2 days prior to earthquake and in Saravan earthquakes anomalies have been detected 5 to 8 days before the earthquake in all of the studied thermal pre-cursors.