Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) reflects myocardial wall stress. BNP activities are similar to those of atrial natriuretic peptide, including diuresis, natriuresis, hypotension and smooth muscle relaxation as well as ability to inhibit the rennin aldosterone system. It is mainly produced and released into the circulation by the ventricle in response to increased ventricular wall pressure or stretching. Therefore, BNP can be served as a marker of left ventricular dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of various professional exercises on plasma BNP levels. We enrolled 20 consecutive healthy professional athletic males from different sporting disciplines including 5 football players, 5 volleyball players, 5 bodybuilders and 5 water- polo players. Plasma BNP samples were taken immediately before and 1 hour after exercise. Plasma BNP level was significantly increased after exercise (30.01 ± 23.46 vs. 16.72 ± 10.86 pg/ml; P= 0.042). The highest increase in BNP level was found among volleyball players (mean values: 19.12 to 43.38 pg/ml; 126.3% increase after volleyball) compared to other exercises. Exercise can increase plasma BNP levels, particularly among volleyball players.

Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level increases in proportion to the degree of right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcome of treatment and the prognostic value of N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (N-TproBNP) in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). This study was a longitudinal trend study. It was conducted in 2011 till 2013 on 20 patients with PAH at Massih Daneshvari hospital, who were treated with intravenous iloprost for 12 weeks. Before, during and after treatment WHO functional class, six minute walking test (6MWT), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and right ventricular pressure (RVP) in echocardiography and plasma NT-ProBNP level was measured. Findinges showed that iloprost infusion improved exercise tolerance and functional class and decreased PAP and RVP in patients with IPAH. The level of NT-ProBNP had decreased in 75% of patients and its mean had decreased significantly to 1409 pg/ml (P=0.009). Iloprost is an effective therapy for patients with IPAH. Furthermore, Plasma levels of NT- ProBNP were decreased proportionally to elevate in functional class and 6MWT distance and decrease in PAP and RVP. Measurement of NT-ProBNP is actually advised for the routine assessment and for the clinical decision making of PAH patients.

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level is known to increase in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. In this systematic review, we aimed to discuss the possible association between plasma BNP level and the success rate of percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched systematically, using the following key terms: “B-type natriuretic peptide” OR “BNP” AND “percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy” OR “percutaneous transluminal mitral commissurotomy” OR “PTMC” OR “percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy” OR “PBMV”. The title, keywords and abstract of relevant articles were searched thoroughly. Among 27 articles found in these databases, 18 studies were excluded during different stages of article selection, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 333 patients were evaluated in the selected studies. Overall, 75 and 191 cases were male and female, respectively. Sex ratio was not specified in two studies, evaluating a total of 67 patients. The obtained results showed that BNP level may decrease after a successful PTMC. Furthermore, post-operative plasma levels of BNP and N-terminal proBNP could be considered as predictors of the success rate of PTMC. Based on the results reported in the evaluated articles, there may be an association between post-operative plasma levels of BNP family and the success rate of PTMC.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise on brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in women with cardiovascular diseases. In this semi experimental study, thirty female patients with at least one coronary artery stenosis (more than70%) were chosen and divided into two groups of aerobic training (n=15) and control (n=15). Blood samples were obtained at the beginning and end of the study to measure brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The aerobic group cycled on a stationary ergometer for three sessions per week (period of eight weeks). The control group did not receive any exercise. Each exercise session included a10-minute warm-up, a 15-minute or more aerobic training program and a 5-minute cool-down. In the warm-up and cool-down stages, running, walking and stretching activities were used. During the first week of training, subjects exercised for 15 minutes at 55-60% of their target heart rates. Each week, exercise duration extended by five minutes, while the intensity was unchanged. Results indicated that 8 weeks of aerobic training had a significant effect on decreasing the BNP and CRP levels in females with Cardiovascular Diseases (P=0.005 and P=0.017, respectively). Moreover, a significant Difference was seen between the control and experimental groups in mean BNP and CRP values (P=0.0001 and P=0.001 respectively), while no significant difference were seen between the pre and post tests in the Control group for BNP (P=0.21) and CRP (P= 0.28). There were significant reduction in BNP (p Aerobic exercise can attenuate BNP and CRP levels in females with cardiovascular diseases; hence it can be used as a part of treatment.

COPD is a common preventable disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not completely reversible.Acute exacerbation is prominent and serious features of COPD. Acute Exacerbation of COPD leads to hospitalization and concomitant with morbidity and mortality .The ventricular dysfunction increases serum Brain Natriuretic Peptide(BNP) . This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between serum N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) level and the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation.
This cross-sectional study was performed among 140 patients with COPD exacerbation referred to Imam Reza Hospital affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran from March 2016 to December 2017 . The patients were asked about the number of exacerbations over the past year including the recent attack. The severity of COPD was determined by the measurement of forced expiratory volume in 1 second by spirometery and level of hypoxemia by pulse oximetery. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 20.
Regarding the results, COPD was more prevalent in males. The mean age of the patients was 57.60±9.76years old. There was a significant direct correlation between mean serum level of NT-pro BNP and age (P=0.01). Although mean serum NT-pro BNP level was higher in females patients (5.70±0.96) than males (5.66±1.24), no significant correlation was observed between mean serum NT-pro BNP level and gender (P=0.8). The most common chief complaints of the patients were dyspnea (97.9%), cough (88.9%), and phlegm (81.9%). There was no significant relationship between serum NT-pro BNP levels and the length of stay in hospital (P=0.1). However, there was a significant relationship between mean serum level of NT-pro BNP and COPD exacerbation (P=0.004). The mean serum level of NT-pro BNP was higher in the patients with more than two exacerbations over the last year in comparison to the other patients. Additionally, there was a significant direct relationship between mean serum level of NT-pro BNP and the severity of COPD (P=0.009). Moreover, a significant direct relationship was found between serum NT-pro BNP level and hypoxemia ( SpO2 The serum NT-pro BNP level was a prognostic factor in the patients with COPD exacerbation.

Recent research establishes the heart as an endocrine gland capable of lowering blood pressure effectively through the secretion of hormones such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of endurance and speed activity on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and blood pressure levels in male athlete students in Yazd. The statistical population for the study was male students at Yazd University, from which 90 male athletes with an average age of 23.42 and at least three years of experience in sports were randomly assigned to one of three endurance, speed, or control groups. The endurance group ran 3200 meters for 12 minutes, while the speed group ran 100 meters four times with rest intervals and at a heart rate of one-third of the target heart rate. Ten minutes before and ten minutes after the activity, blood samples were taken to determine plasma ANP. One session of endurance and speed activity significantly increased plasma ANP compared to the pretest stage (p < 0.05); additionally, there was a significant difference in plasma ANP and systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the group with speed activity and the control group as well as the control group with endurance activity (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that both endurance and speed activity performed during single session increased plasma ANP and decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the irreversible cell death caused by ischemia in parts of myocardium. Atrial and Brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) are known as strong markers of myocardial infarction. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of six weeks low intensity interval training on ANP and BNP genes expression in rats following myocardial infarction. Twelve male Wistar rats on the age of 12 weeks and mean weight of 250-300gr were allocated in two equal groups including experimental group (60 minutes interval running on a treadmill, each cycle including four minutes of running with intensity of 55-60% VO2max and two minutes of active recovery with 45-50% VO2max intensity, three days a week for six weeks) and control group (without training). Real-time PCR was used to assess the expression level of ANP and BNP genes in myocardium (following the MI induction by surgical blocking of left coronary artery). Statistical analysis of data we performed by independent t-test. Our findings showed that there was a significant decrease in expressions of ANP and BNP genes among experimental group in contrast with control group (p= 0.011 and p=0.001, respectively). Adaptation to low intensity interval training may control and moderate the secretion of cardiac hormones in the training group compared to control group following myocardial infarction.

Atrial natriuretic peptide secretion from the heart, and can have different effects on different body organs including the effects of these hormones influence the mechanisms of blood pressure. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction on atrial natriuretic peptide and subsequent blood pressure.

This quasi-experimental study was Cross-group design with repeated measures with the aim of determining the effect of a session of high and low intensity exercise, with and without the of blood flow restriction, on the serum levels of atrial peptide natriuretic and men's blood pressure. To this end, from the available subjects, 8 trained men with an age range from (2575.1±) and fat percentage of (15.7±4.7) were randomly selected. These people with 48 hours of various protocols included: resistive activity with high intensity (%75 1RM) with and without blood flow restriction and the same activity with low intensity (%75 1RM) and without blood flow restriction. Serum levels of atrial natriuretic peptide were examined using ELISA method. Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA.

Therefore, it seems that the effect of high and low intensity resistance exercise, with or without blood flow restriction through the secretion of peptide natriuretic atrial had no difference with each other.

Therefore, it seems that the effect of high and low intensity resistance exercise, with or without blood flow restriction through the secretion of peptide natriuretic atrial had no difference with each other.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a 28 amino acid hormone secreted by atrial monocytes in response to local wall stretch. Recent studies have shown that glucocorticoids can express ANP genes and elevate its level. Ketokonazol is an anti-adrenal drug used to reduced glucocorticoids level, thus may result in reduction in ANP level. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the physiologic effects of ANP on rats receiving Ketokonazol. Human atria were used for ANP. For ANP extraction preparation, tissue was boiled in specific solutions to inactivate intrinsic protease. Then cooling was carried out at 4 degrees centigrade and homogenization and centrifugation were occurred. PH was regulated using dialysis procedure. Pulse, systolic and diastolic pressures were revealed to be higher in Ketokonazol group. This may be due to reduction in vascular compliance. Injecting human atrial extract may decrease blood pressure by a slow slope. ANP may be safely used in atherosclerotic patients. Further clinical trials are suggested.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-Pro BNP) and nitric oxide (NO) with echocardiography (gold standard test) in diagnosis of canine cardiomyopathy. Out of 374 cases, 82 cases showing cardiovascular abnormalities including 16 cases of cardiomyopathy were further selected for standardization of biomarkers. Significant (P<0.01) increase in plasma NT-Pro BNP was found in dogs with cardiomyopathies. The plasma concentration of NO showed non-significant increase in comparison to healthy dogs. The sensitivity of NT-Pro BNP and NO was 72.20% and 62.50%, with specificity 93.90% and 89.40%, respectively when compared with echocardiography. The correlation between echocardiography and NT-Pro BNP was 89.30% with kappa value of 0.675 suggesting substantial agreement between the two tests. The positive and negative predictive value was estimated at 0.765 and 0.925, respectively. It is concluded that NT-Pro BNP and NO may be an alternate diagnostic tool for diagnosis of cardiomyopathy where the facility of echocardiography is not available.