Iron toxicity lead to oxidation of photosynthetic pigments, increasing of free radicals and as a result rice yield to be severely damaged. This study was performed to investigate the effect of iron toxicity on relative expression of alternative oxidase, external alternative NAD(P)H-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, internal alternative NAD(P)H-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, NADH dehydrogenase, NATPH-thioredoxin reductase and ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase genes in two rice genotypes, IR64 (susceptible) and Pokkali (tolerant). Iron ion was applied at the levels of 0 (check), 100, 250, 400 and 500 mg.lit-1 under Yoshida hydroponic conditions. Results showed that the iron cosentration in leaves increased with increasing of stress levels. There was not a significant difference among IR64 treatments samples for leaves potassium cosentration. But it increased in Pokkali genotype relative to non stress samples .The expression levels of genes in Pokkali except NDH and IN-NDH in 250 and 400 mg li-1 and NTR in 500 mg li-1 samples were higher than IR64. In all, the difference of morphological traits and relative over expression of genes in Pokkali. In all, the difference of morphological traits and relative over expression of genes in Pokkali indicated that the gene could considerably effect on the tolerant level of pokkali by reducing ROS production under Fe-toxicity. Our results showed that high activity of the mitochondrial and genes, alone or together, could also be an important factor in iron tolerance in rice by detoxifying the harmful effects of the ROS.

This article surveys on alternative cinema in the world and Iranian cinema with a case study on the screened films at Ammar Film Festival. Initially, three movements of alternative cinema in film history are inspected in brief: the Independent cinema of United State, Avant-Garde Cinema in France and the Third Cinema of Argentina. The conditions that led to the emergence of each movement such as political, social, economical & cultural/aesthetic are explored to find out if there are any relations between them and alternative streams of Iranian cinema after Islamic Revolution. The theoretical framework of this article is based on Critical Theory of Frankfurt School, which enables a combination of socio-economical and textual analysis of artworks with a trans disciplinary (social-ideological) approach in a critical context. Besides, the descriptive and comparative analysis, a series of deep interviews with filmmakers, academics, journalists and experts of the field and participatory observation in workshops of alternative cinema and Ammar Film Festival has been done for this study. The reasoning of this article is around the evolutions after Islamic Revolution which led Iranian cinema to become an alternative one in the world contemporary cinema. It is also argued that other alternative/ streams emerged within Iranian cinema that try not only to distinguish themselves from world contemporary cinema but also present a different form of cinema from mainstream Iranian cinema. Ammar Film Festival has been studied in this article as a sample to show the differences between this stream alternative in Iranian cinema and other cinema in the world.

Considering that livability usually includes elements of the neighborhood and metropolitan area that contribute to security, economic opportunities, welfare, health, fitness, mobility and recreation in the present study with the aim of improving livability in the crypt of Nahavand city of Nahavand The social aspect has been done by focusing on increasing security with the help of a crime prevention approach through environmental design. In this regard, the research data has been collected in a survey and through a questionnaire in order to extract the most important security issues and problems in the neighborhood. Here are three suggested alternatives to solve problems and improve neighborhood security. Then, the criteria and sub-criteria of the crime prevention approach by environmental design are extracted from documentary sources and the proposed alternatives are evaluated by the network analysis process using super design software based on crime prevention criteria by environmental design. . Finally, the first alternative, which emphasizes the expansion of night space and night security, has been selected. Finally, the space organization and the proposed three-dimensional design with the help of lumion and sketchup software have been presented.

In this research poly (Styrene–Alternative-Maleic Anhydride) (SMA) and derivations of SMA with Melamine, (Melamine + 1,2 Diamino Ethane) and (Melamine + 1,3 Diamino Propane)  CSMA-M, CSMA-ME and CSMA-MP  were synthesized, respectively. This method is very simple, cheap, precise and used polymers recyclable to seven terms. The purpose of the present work was exploring the adsorption power of CSMA-M and its derived polymer  to removed silver(I) ions from aqueous solution. In this research, batch adsorption tests were exhibited and the effect of different parameters on this removal process has been studied. The effects of pH, adsorption time, metal ion concentration and the acidic remedy on the adsorption process were optimized. The optimum pH for adsorption was found to be 6.0. In adsorption explores, remained Ag+ concentration arrives equilibrium in a short duration of 60 min. Maximum adsorption capacity, 67.57, 76.90 and 95.24 mg Ag+/g polymer CSMA-M, SMA–ME and SMA–MP respectively.showed that this adsorbents were appropriate for removing silver(I) from aqueous solution. The resins were characterized by Fourier transform Infra Red(FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), (Thermo Gravimetric Analysis) TGA analysis.