This article examines the influence of the Quran and the hadiths of Imam Jafar Sadiq (AS) on the mysticism of Ahmad Ghazali and provides a sociological analysis based on Antonio Gramsci's theories. The initial sections of the article explore the lives and works of Imam Jafar Sadiq (AS) and Ahmad Ghazali, analyzing their roles in the development of Islamic mysticism. The direct and indirect impacts of Imam Jafar Sadiq's (AS) hadiths on Ahmad Ghazali's mystical thoughts are thoroughly examined. Furthermore, the Quranic texts utilized by Ahmad Ghazali and their interpretation and application in his mystical works are analyzed. Using Gramsci's theories, the article also investigates the role of Ahmad Ghazali's mysticism in establishing and reinforcing cultural and social hegemony. This study demonstrates that Ahmad Ghazali's mystical teachings, influenced by the hadiths and teachings of Imam Jafar Sadiq (AS) and the Quran, functioned not only as a spiritual and experiential endeavor but also as a tool for creating and strengthening cultural and social hegemony in society. Finally, the social and cultural impacts of Ahmad Ghazali's mysticism in his time and contemporary societies are analyzed, and suggestions for future research are provided.

The scholars in the field of mysticism have expressed a variety of ideas about the concept of love, which show the importance of it in Iranian religious thoughts. Ahmad Ghazali (452 -520 AH) created a dramatic change in the nature of love by writing mystical works. He presented a new interpretation of the story of Layla and Majnun's love in Sawāneh, his first work in the field of love in Persian language. In Arabic literature, Layla and Majnun love story is a kind of pure love (Ishq-e Azrā) or Platonic love. By using descriptive-analytical method, in the present article the attempt is made to consider the stages of the transformation of pure love of Layla and Majnun in Ahmad Ghazali's thoughts and to answer this question: In a comparative study, how do we interpret the similarities and differences between the Layla and Majnun love in Ahmed Ghazali's attitude and the pure love in Arabic literature? The results show that, based on Ghazali's romantic and mystical principles, virtuous, secular, painful, unending and pure love transforms to admirable, divine, pleasant and hopeful love and leads to perfection.

Love and affection are common themes of many mystical works in Persian literature. Therefore, by comparing the content of mystical works, it is possible to gain a better understanding of the Sufi view on that subject by examining these common themes. Imam Mohammad Ghazali and his brother Ahmad are well-known figures in the field of Sufism. This article tries to study the concept of love and affection from the perspective of these two personalities with an analytical-descriptive method, emphasizing the two works of reviving the sciences of Al-Din Mohammad Ghazali and the tragedies of Ahmad Ghazali. - What is the nature and function of love and affection for Khajeh Ahmad Ghazali and Imam Mohammad Ghazali? It was concluded that the view and attitude of Imam Mohammad Ghazali towards this subject is a religious and religious view. However, what can be deduced from Ahmad Ghazali's tragedies is that his view is closer and closer to the view of mystics.

The concept of love is one of the most important concepts that are emphasized in Islamic mysticism, especially in the current of romantic mysticism. This current that is one of the most important approaches in Islamic mysticism, there was also before but Ghazali was the one who gave it individuation and recognition. After studying the works of Ahmad Ghazali, especially the first independent Persian book on the subject of love, Savane ol-oshagh, we will know that the romantic mysticism has the principles and characteristics that is considered less both theoretical and practical dimensions. This study is paid to eleven of these theoretical principles derived from the votes Khwaja Ahmad. After identifying these principles and characteristics in the works of Ahmad Ghazali and specific approaches that have been this current, can see how he has managed promote it as an independent and prosperous current and realm. Recognizing the theoretical foundations of romantic mysticism can also help to drawing intellectual and theoretical system and completely different for the official Sufi in traditional systems, against the theoretical Sufism of Ibn Arabi and his exponents.

Instructions and doctrines of Ahl al-Bayt is one of the original sources of Islamic mysticism and the effects of mystical texts are evident in this field. The fluency and strenuosity that lies within the word and edifications of Imam Ali(peace be upon him) has made Persian-speaking writers to attire their works with his words for a long time(since a long time ago). Ahmad Ghazali¡ one of the leading writers in mysticism is influenced by¡ in particular¡ the words of Imam Ali (AS) in his works. In this study¡ different kinds of Persian works of Ahmad Ghazali¡ influenced by the word of Imam Ali (AS)¡ are explained through factual documentary quotations. Effectiveness of Persian works of Ahmad Ghazali from Imam''s (AS) words is mostly in an interpretation and adaptation style. Since the sources of Islamic mysticism and its relation to the school of Ahl al-Bayt have always been discussed¡ this research could¡ for example¡ indicate the influence of the instructions of Ahl al-bayt on the Islamic mysticism.

Human love, which often appears in Sufis’ teachings with the expression of virtual love, is one of the complex and difficult issues in Islamic mysticism. Some consider it to be the beginning of mystical love and some deny it. Ahmad Ghazali and Ayn ol-Quzat Hamedani are among the first people who wrote about love, its types, moods and characteristics in a special way in Persian literature. In the present study, which was prepared using a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to answer this basic question, what is Ahmad Ghazali's and Ayn Al-Quzat's views on virtual and mystical love? And what are the points of commonality and difference between the two? The results of the research show that Ghazali considers speculation permissible by referring to prophetic hadiths, and on the other hand, he considers appearances as a bridge to reach the inner truth. Ayn Al-Quzat also considers it harmless to be attached to these appearances if it is in the way of connecting with God's beloved and beloved. Eternity, coercion and the dangerous path of love are common points of mystical love in accidents and plans..

Affiliation of Ahmad Ghazali to a specific mystical stream called "Romantic and beauty-leaning Mysticism" had certain outcomes such as whirling dace, ecstatic phrase and beauty-leaning trends. These are called traditions of beauty. Most of the criticisms, charges and even lampoons of the school of Ghazali are made against his tradition of beauty, not against his beliefs and principles of his school. In this paper we first account the evidences showing that Ghazali practiced these traditions. Then we review and evaluate the criticism made against him about these issues. The other criticism which has made against him refers to "Sanctification of the Devil". Therefore we are going to discuss two topics: Traditions of beauty and Sanctification of the Devil.

When mysticism entered the Persian poetry and romantic themes were combined with mystical ones¡ they were applied as symbols to express mystical meanings¡ so that it caused disagreements between some Sheikhs and persuaded them to write the books and treaties¡ to give some definitions and justifications of those terms according to their schools. This article intends to analyze the ideas of some Sufi Sheikhs such as Hojviri¡ Ahmad Ghazali¡ and ''Einul Qozat Hamadani about the terms and themes of describing the beloved¡ and it is limited to such terms as Zolf (hair)¡ Chashm (eye)¡ Khadd (cheek)¡ Khal (mole) and Abru (eyebrow). Hojviei''s idea about these terms is based on juridical and religious views especially while discussing on Sama''; Ahmad Qazali describes the states of the lover and the beloved in a coherent way to express a certain system and Einul Qozat Hamedani explains these terms in different situations and concepts¡ by citing some verses from the viewpoint of mysticism and introducing the Shahed.

According to sociological scholars, the literature of any other story or literary work recounts the events of its time, and the story is, in fact, the artistic expression of the same social events; The only difference is that sociology talks about those issues in scientific language. Therefore, the study of literature in a scientific way, the essence of literary works, the conditions and requirements of the social environment that includes and nurtures the poet and writer, as well as worldview, their intellectual and cultural position according to social orders. In this article, we examine the socio-political nature of Ahmad al-Ghazali's "Tragedies of Love" with respect to Goldman's constructivist method. The results of the research show that the content of Ahmad Ghazali's tragedies is influenced by the political, social, cultural and economic conditions of his time and shows the maximum collective awareness of the author's social class. In this way, they examine the content of the literary work and its relation to the society in which the work was created, and instead of describing the content of the literary work, they examine its content and its relation to the world in a particular period.This research is based on the library method and descriptive-analytical method.