The aim of this present study was to the effectiveness of behavior therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and general health of in Trauma Survivors Fire Accident in Industrial Pole of Shahid Babaie City Shazand in 1387. The present plan study of experimental design with pre - and post - test method after the test. community study all the survivors industrial hub of fire martyr Babaie city shazand township to approach the census initial screening. 111 people, including the study sample of adults in post - traumatic stress disorder after the damage to the non - random sampling method available and chosen at random in 2 men's and 6 women's group exposure. at the beginning of the Check - List post - traumatic stress disorder, and public health, then 7 completed training session behavioral therapy group manner, and again in the final session by evaluated questionnaires. Do intervention in increasing public health survivors and reduce the symptoms of post - traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, the signs of physical and social function is effective survivors (p<0/0001). Psychological treatments to reduce the symptoms of post- traumatic stress disorder is effective in the survivors.

In recent years, road accidents have had incremental trend which resulted in physical, financial and psychological outcomes. One of the major psychological problems of road accidents is the emergence of post-traumatic stress disorder in people. Therefore the present study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in treating adolescents suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder in road accident survivors in the province of Isfahan.
The method of the current study was semi-experimental, with pretest-posttest one-group design due to the manner of available sampling. The statistical population of the study included individuals who had road accidents and the signs of post-traumatic stress disorder in 2012-13. In order to conduct the study 10 adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder were selected through available sampling. So the entering criterion to the study was having post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from road accidents and the age of adolescence and exiting criterion was having post-traumatic stress disorder and not being adolescent. The applied instruments were the scale of traumatic event and the scale of post-traumatic stress syndrome. The achieved data were analyzed via ANOVA with repeated measurements by SPSS 20 software.
The results showed that there is a significant difference between groups in the research variables (p0/05).
Acceptance and commitment therapy helps the adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder to be able to contact with the present moment and now and here-and-now experience more and avoid living in the past which is concomitant with mental rumination of traumatic memories.

The aim of this study was to investigate prediction of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on emotion regulation difficulties and thought control strategies.
The participants consistent of 149 people were living in villages in quake-hit of Harris city that was selected by convenience sampling. In order to data collection, PTSD symptom scale-interview (PSS-I), difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS) and thought control strategies questionnaire (TCQ) were used. Descriptive indexes, Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression analysis by SPSS-16 was used to analyze the data.
Results revealed significant positive relationship between PTSD, emotion regulation and thought control strategies (P According to role of emotion regulation difficulties especially difficulty in goal-directed behavior and also limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies as predictive of PTSD, it is concluded that emotion regulation training can be necessary in both of prevention and recovery of PTSD.

This narrative review evaluates the intergenerational transmission of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) from father to offspring in families. PTSD is the most important mental disorders in persons rescue from war. This impairment causes many problems and stressful conditions. Recently, the definition of PTSD contains not only those affected by the catastrophe but also those who have witnessed it suffering from PTSD. This review focuses on which fathers have a more tendency to transmit mental distress to their offspring. According to accept transmission, we should find out, which factors make intergenerational transmission and what is the mechanism of transmission during generation. Moreover, some clues indicate some offspring are more potentiated to PTSD. Most of the studies aim to find a specific gene for PTSD were failed, but the studies showed the intergenerational effect of the PTSD. Epigenetic mechanisms that contain both genetic and environmental factors provide a wide psychological aspect in the intergenerational effect of the PTSD. The theory of epigenetics assumes that the biological and psychological factors act closely and there has been promising research on the role of epigenetic modification in reducing sustained environmental effects, especially in the early stages of growth. There is a great deal of information indicating that some offspring have a greater potential for the disorder. This review study shows that family members and extramarital systems play an important role in the intergenerational transmission of PTSD.

In Iran, a large number of veterans have post-traumatic stress disorder and many attempts were made to assess a variety of psychological treatments in this regard; the mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention is one of the methods that might be helpful.
The current study aimed at investigating the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on psychological flexibility, distress tolerance, and re-experiencing the trauma in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Methods and Material: The current semi-experimental study was conducted in 2016 using pretest and posttest, and a control group. The study population included the veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder referred to Rajaei Hospital of Najafabad, Isfahan Province, Iran. A sample of 40 veterans were selected and randomly divided into the 2 groups of experimental and control. The data collection instruments were the acceptance and action questionnaire, distress tolerance scale, and secondary traumatic stress scale; both groups filled out the questionnaires in pretest. The experimental group was exposed to the mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy. Then, both group refilled out the same questionnaires in posttest.
The data were analyzed with MANCOVA. The results revealed that the mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy had positive effects on distress tolerance (F=4.16, P0.05). The effectiveness in the subscale of distress tolerance (tolerance, absorption, evaluation, and set) and secondary traumatic stress (intrusion, avoidance, and arousal) was significant. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of flexibility scores in pretest and posttest in the experimental group was 33.21±4.08 and 36.32±3.34, and in the control group was 33.48±5.83 and 33.17±5.57, respectively. Regarding distress tolerance in the experimental group the mean ± SD was 32.62±7.68 and 39.87±8.05, and in the control group was 34.77±9.66 and 9.66±10.00 in the pretest and posttest, respectively. About re-experiencing the trauma, the mean ± SD in the experimental group was 62.86±7.47 and 57.24±10.64, and in the control group was 57.24±10.64 and 54.76±12.52 in the pretest and posttest, respectively.
Discussion and The results showed a significant positive effect of the mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on the increase of distress tolerance and decrease of post-traumatic stress disorder. Mindfulness training enables the individuals to merely observe and accept their emotional experiences and there is no need for making any changes. The result obtained from the analysis of psychological flexibility was probably due to small sample size of the current study.

Clinical victimology aims to identify the pain and suffering caused by crime, compensation of damage for crime victims, and eventually, treatment and rehabilitation of the victim. But, investigating this issue has been, to some extent, neglected in the criminological literature of Iran. Hence, this article attempts to specify the conceptual framework and phases of clinical victimology. In this regard, different damages imposed to the victims are reviewed by providing a new understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder. One of the most important subjects of clinical victimology is recognizing the symptoms and etiology of this disorder, as the most important reaction after a criminal event. After understanding this important issue by using medical science, psychiatry and psychology, a variety of emotional and psychological support measures, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are provided to reduce the impact of incidents of criminal damage and attempt to rehabilitate the victim (of an offences), and at the end of the day, the Amending the Legal Medicine Organization is suggested to promote clinical services to victim (of an offences).

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive - behavioral instruction techniques on reducing the symptoms of secondary traumatic stress (STS) in PTSD veteran's women.Method and materials: The method of this research was semi-experimental with pre-test - post-test and control group. Sample size was estimated by Kohn method (in each group 12 participants). The statistical population consisted of PTSD veteran's women, admitted to Sadr hospital in Tehran in 1392. After screening, twenty fore veteran's wives, that attained high score (38 or more) in questionnaire of secondary traumatization, were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Experimental group were trained for 13 sessions. Participants completed 2 questionnaires: secondary traumatic stress (STS) and DASS. Data were analyzed with ANCOVA and MANCOVA tests. The results showed that cognitive - behavioral techniques instruction effect on reduction of the symptoms of secondary traumatic stress (STS) in PTSD veteran's women (with controlling of depression, anxiety and stress via DASS questionnaire) (p<.05). Method of teaching the cognitive – behavioral instruction techniques is an effective strategy for reducing the symptoms of secondary traumatic stress. Keywords: Behavioral-Cognitive instruction, Secondary Traumatization, PTSD Veteran's spouses.

The injury due to the minor and moderate burn is allocated highest rates of intense nursing. There is possibility of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the burned patients. This study is performed with the aim of determination and comparison rate of PTSD in two groups of minor and morderate burn. This was a comparative cross-sectional study. Eighty patients with burn injury were studied in two groups. Group 1, injured with minor (Less than 15% TBSA) and the group with moderate (15-25% TBSA) burn injury was included in the second group. The sampling method was sequential and the study was conducted from March to July 2006. A questionnaire was used for assessing the rate of PTSD that completed by an interview with the subjects. The study findings, showed that the highest rate of PTSD occured in the moderate burn (47.5%). There was a statistically significant relationship between the rate of PTSD and moderate burn (P=0.024) in patients. It seens that, severity of burn indicate the rate of PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder). This is very important matter that injured patients should be detected as soon as possible to receive appropriate nursing care plan. With a view to PTSD recognition, implementation of care plan must be initiated appropriately.

Aims: Exposure to traumatic events is one of the etiological factors for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and this can be influenced by the Affective and Emotional Temperament of Individuals. Given the importance of this matter, the present study was designated to determine the role of Affective and Emotional Temperament in predicting post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among individuals exposed to mine explosion led to maim.
Instrument & This descriptive study was conducted in correlation and prediction method. The studied sample included 100 people, selected traumatized individuals under the auspices of bonyad shaheed located in Ghilan garb city. Demographic information, Mississippi post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale and Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament were applied for gathering information. Collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests.
Findings: The results showed 51% of the total variance of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms can be definde by Affective Temperaments and 32% by Emotional Temperaments.
Conclusison: The results of this study showed that Affective and Emotional Temperament of people can have role in determining how people respond traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy on posttraumatic stress disorder and loneliness among women affected by marital infidelity. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. In this study the statistical population of women affected by the infidelity of Shahriar in the year 1400, using the convenience sampling method, 24 people were selected and randomly placed in two groups of 12 people. Data collection tools included the civilian Mississippi scale for PTSD (RCMD) of Norris and Perilla (1996) and the loneliness scale (UCLALS3) of Russell (1996). Then the experimental group received narrative exposure therapy for 8 weekly sessions for 90 minutes. but the control group received no intervention. The results showed that narrative exposure therapy had an effect on reducing posttraumatic stress and loneliness and the impact remained stable during the follow-up period (P<0.05). According to the findings of the present study, it seems that the role of narrative exposure therapy in reducing psychological and emotional problems in women affected by marital infidelity should be considered.