One of the theories that is presented on the impact of literary works, is Bloom's theory of Misreading in which a kind of pugnacious dialectic, in an Oedipus way, between the former and the latter have been taken into consideration; The effort of the early author to get rid of the anxiety of being influenced could be defined as creative misreading. Due to the fact that reading the works Of the former author has Opened a certain horizon for readers, changing this horizon could be as an example of a creative misreading. changing this horizon could be performed in a variety of methods. In this paper, it is intended to study the changes which Abbas Maroufi, the author of the Symphony of the dead, have made in the genre of his own word in order to get rid of the anxiety of being influenced by the sound and the fury by William Faulkner. He has ,therefore , created a kind of creative misreading out of his former celebrated author.

Creative misprision is a theory proposed by Harold Bloom based on intertextuality and the relationships between literary texts and their influence on each other. The theory posits that there is always a conflict between poets and writers of the past and the succeeding ones. In his most important work, The Anxiety of Influence, Bloom emphasizes the two-way but hostile relationship between new writers and past ones. To get rid of the anxiety of influence of the past texts, poets and writers use methods through creative misprision to create new works in an attempt to show their own superiority to their predecessors. In the present research, we analyze the transformations that Jalāl al-Din Rūmi has applied in order to get rid of the anxiety of the influence of past texts , and to study the role of Bloom's creative misprision in Masnavi by using analytical-comparative method. The findings show that Rumi's creative method in the creation of stories and anecdotes to get rid of the influence of past texts is an instance of the creative misprision. For this purpose, he has employed a variety of techniques such as association, using educational, religious and philosophical themes, changing the elements of the stories, and symbolism.

 Based on Harold Bloom"s anxiety of influence theory, there is always a dialectical and combative relationship between later poets and earlier poets based on the power of poetic influence due to the lateness of the later poets. According to this theory, later poets look for a way to get rid of this anxiety of influence, achieve an independent identity, and create a new style by a creative misreading of the literary works of the past, as a conscious or unconscious defense mechanism. In addition to poetry, this theory also includes other creative texts.
By the analytical study of the structure and content of the two paratexts of the preface and the conclusion of Marzbannameh based on Harold Bloom"s anxiety of influence theory, the present research aimed to answer the question of how Saad al-Din Varavini uses the preface and the conclusion of the book to get rid of the anxiety of influence of the authority of Nasrallah Monshi and the dominance of Kalila and Damneh on the scope of literary prose texts considering the fame of Kalileh and Damneh at the time of writing Marzbannameh and the fact that Marzbannameh was written later.

 The present research is a theoretical study that was conducted using library research. The research method was descriptive-analytical.

 The findings of the research showed that the similarities in the story structure and style and allegorical nature of Marzbannameh and Kalila and Damneh and the temporal precedence of Kalila and Damneh and its popularity and fame at the time of writing Marzbannameh inspired Varavini to use the creative misreading, i.e. creative content and language craftsmanship, in the translation of the text due to the anxiety of being influenced by Kalila and Damneh, while he also seized the opportunity in the two paratexts of the preface and the conclusion of the book to talk about the inventiveness of his book and the non-use of the thoughts of the leading and contemporary writers, and finally considered Marzbannameh superior to Kalila and Damneh and himself superior to Nasrallah in a subtle way.

 Therefore, in the preface and the conclusion of Marzbannameh, Varavini considers Marzbannameh to have a unique and rare style through his attribution to the class of elite and owners of art, pontificating for being a master of masterpieces of Persian prose that precede Marzbannameh, emphasizing felicity, word-arrangement, and elocution in Marzbannameh, and asserting repeatedly not to have imitated and used the thoughts and concepts of other eloquent writers. With shrewdness and tact, he first considers Kalila and Damneh superior to other works of early prose. However, by criticizing Kalila and Damneh given the universality and generality of its audience, he finally considers Marzbannameh to be superior to Kalila and Damneh and all earlier texts, and in this way, he is searching for a special place for himself and his book, getting rid of the anxiety of influence, and stepping out of the shadow of the earlier texts’ authority.

After the published of the symphony of the dead (1989)، many of critics pointed to influence the Abbas Maroufi''s novel of The Sound and the Fury William Faulkner. Twenty three years after the publication of this novel، today، some of critics repeat the influence to various forms. Perhaps with publish of the eternity to eternity (Analysis novel «symphony of the dead»)، especially the essay «Is the symphony of the dead influence of Sound and the Fury?» by Elham Yekta and of the Sound and the Fury to symphony of the dead by Javad Eshaghian and other essays that describe comparative study of these two novels، does not need to study again. Furthermore، Nader Ebrahimi (1936-2008)، in an interview as «Soak in the story» (1997)، without any reference to the symphony of the dead، author of the novel imputed to «plagiarism»، it''s not about the Sound and the Fury، but Another time، i was loving the city (1966). In this paper، with attention to the principle of «angoisse de l''influence»، as the conscience of writers، with emphasis on polyvalent، we answer to imputation the of Nader Ebrahimi about symphony of the dead and why and how the Abbas Maroufi influence of Another time، i was loving the city.

The primary objective of this study is to compare the cognitive effects of a message on the audience in three formats: video, text, and multimedia. Using quota sampling, we selected 204 participants, including 102 men and 102 women, across different age groups (young, middle-aged, and elderly). Each participant completed a questionnaire divided into two sections, one focusing on knowledge and the other on emotion, immediately after receiving the message.The research findings across all three formats consistently indicate that women experienced higher levels of emotional arousal compared to men when exposed to media messages. Additionally, in terms of knowledge transfer, women consistently outperformed men in all sample groups. Regarding sensory affectivity, encompassing five negative emotions—anger, fear, anxiety, hatred, and pity—the arousal of hatred was consistently higher in all three formats.The results also demonstrated significant correlations between the age group variable and sensitivity levels, as well as between the gender variable and sensitivity levels. Notably, parents were more affected by the messages compared to non-parents. However, there was no significant correlation between sensory and cognitive affectivity and the video format. Interestingly, in both knowledge transfer and emotional motivation, the video format demonstrated the most significant impact compared to the other two formats."

Anxiety and self-confidence are factors that affect performance. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of mindfulness and mental imagery training on the psychophysiological response of anxiety and self-confidence in students’ officer. This method was semi-experimental. 45 male officers who voluntarily participated in this study and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (mindfulness and mental imagery) and one control group. The score of anxiety and self-confidence, as well as levels of salivary cortisol were measured in three groups. The experimental groups performed 6 sessions of specific training. Finally, the post-test has conducted in three groups according to the pre-test. The results indicated that mindfulness and imaging training had a significant effect on the level of salivary cortisol, anxiety, and self-confidence. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of effectiveness (p > 0.05). In general, it can be concluded that mindfulness and mental imagery training could be a strategy to reduce anxiety and improve self-confidence in officer students. Therefore, it is suggested to the providers and teachers in the military organs that by holding workshops and using these strategies to reduce anxiety and enhance self-confidence and consequently to improve students’ performance.Therefore, it is suggested to the providers and teachers in the military organs that by holding workshops and using these strategies to reduce anxiety and enhance self-confidence and consequently to improve students’ performance.

به منظور اثربخشی حساسیت زدایی حرکت چشم- بازپردازش (EMDR) در کاهش اضطراب زلزله و احساس های منفی ناشی از تجربه زلزله 41 نفر از کسانی که زلزله بم را تجربه کرده بودند انتخاب شدند و به طور تصادفی به گروه آزمایشی یا گروه گواه فهرست انتظار گمارده شدند. مشارکت کنندگان در گروه آزمایشی در چهار جلسه (EMDR) با استفاده از برنامه نرم افزاری شرکت کردند و مورد ارزیابی چندگانه قبل – بعد و یک ماه پس از درمان قرار گرفتند. یافته های مقایسه بین گروه آزمایشی و گروه گواه از یک سو و مقایسه اندازه گیری های قبل و بعد از درمان از سوی دیگر نشان داد که EMDR در کاهش اضطراب زلزله و هیجان های منفی دیگر ناشی از تجربه زلزله موثر است. به علاوه نتایج نشان داد که بهبود ناشی از EDMR در پیگیری یک ماه پس از درمان باقی بود. همچنین استفاده از EDMR در گروه گواه فهرست انتظار حاکی از تاثیر این فن است. این یافته ها با یافته های سایر پژوهش های مربوط به کارآیی و اثربخشی EDMR در درمان اضطراب، ترس مرضی، PTSD، سوگ، و دیگر احساسات ناخوشایند ناشی از تجارب ضربه زا همخوانی دارند و نشان می دهند که کارآزمایان بالینی می توانند به طور موفقیت آمیزی از نرم افزارهایی همچون نرم افزاری که در این مطالعه استفاده شده حتی به شکل گروهی برای درمان EDMR استفاده کنند

The present study deals with the socio-cultural backgrounds of unmarried girls’ living a single in Tehran megacity. The research data were collected using the qualitative method and the semistructured interview technique. The subjects were selected via purposive sampling method and the collected data were analyzed using the thematic analysis procedure. The results of this study show that the unfavorable family backgrounds (the eradication of the original family, dysfunctioning of the original family), sociocultural backgrounds (such as the ascendance of girls’ marriage age, educational immigration experience and influence of peer groups) and economic needs are among the most important reasons which pave the way for young, single girls’ living a single life compulsorily. Among the most important consequences of unmarried girls’ living a single life, one can refer to loneliness, hopelessness, anxiety, depression, lack of true affection and tranquility beside family, lack of a sense of security, rejection of this style of life by people in the society, and, above all, not belonging to a family and development of a feeling senselessness in life.

Apocalyptic literature can be considered as a kind of idealistic literature in which the poet-writer is dissatisfied with the current state of his society and the flow of affairs and seeks to create an ideal world, a world other than the present world, using his creative imagination. In this type of literature, anxiety and political, social and religious anomalies and the inability to overcome it focuses the poet-writer view to the future, thus the present time is the source and origin of his historical consciousness and evaluate the present time from the perspective of the future. In the present article, it is tried, while examining the apocalyptic images and their components in Khalil Havi's poetry by analytical-comparative method, to match those images with the apocalyptic images of the Bible, and also to examine the effect of Khalil Havi from the Bible. From the results of this research, we can point to these two points: First, Khalil Havi in his apocalyptic images of his poetry is completely influenced by the Bible. Secondly, Khalil Havi makes his promised paradise in this world.