Wound care in burn patients is associated with severe anxiety that is characterized by feeling of fear and prediction of burn dressing pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between pain and pain anxiety in burn patients.
In this descriptive-analytical study, 60 eligible patients hospitalized in men’s and women’s burn wards of Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital, were selected using available sampling. Pain anxiety and pain severity were measured using self-report pain anxiety questionnaire and visual analog scale, respectively, before and after burn dressing during three weeks (once a week). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test.
In this study, there was a significant linear correlation between pain and pain anxiety in the first week (r=0.512, p According to the results of this study, assessment and treatment of pain anxiety are essential elements of pain care and management in burn patients.

Background and One of the key components of social support is the role of family members and friends. The present study was designed to determine the effectiveness of family participation in providing primary care to reduce pain anxiety of burn ICU patients.
In a randomized controlled trial 110 patients were selected by non-random sampling from Zaare Hospital burn ICU in Sari, Iran. Based on random numbers table, they were randomly allocated to control and intervention groups (n= 55 per group). In the intervention group, on day 4 of hospitalization, one of the family members attended the patient’s bedside before wound dressing for one-hour for five days. In control group, the practice was done according to the ward routine (non-family attendance). In both groups, burn pain anxiety scale was completed in days three to eight of hospitalization. Data analysis was done in SPSS V.20.
There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender, age, total burn surface area, and type of burn. Friedman test indicated significant difference in pain-induced anxiety in different days between the two groups (P In order to lower the anxiety caused by pain in ICU burn patients, non- medicinal methods such as family participation can be applied.

one of the main nursing cares for burn patients is debridement and daily dressing. These processes could build up stress and ache with patients. This anxiety possibly will affect on their physical and psychological aspects. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety and severe pain during or after dressing amongst burn patients. This study a descriptive cross–sectional was done on 61 burned patients who were admitted to Velayat burn center using a Convenience sampling method.. Data was collected by using a questionnaire (demographic characteristic and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Burn Specific Pain Anxiety Scale (BSPAS)). Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed that the mean of anxiety before dressing change was 43.44±8.17 and pain after dressing change was 5.88± 2.69 and there is meaningful positive relationship between anxiety and pain (p< 0.0001, r= 0.455). There is relationship between anxiety and severity of pain throughout the performance of dressing. Nurse’s role is to assess the degree of pain and nervousness during or after dressing. This task could effect on pain relief treatment to prevent injurious toward burn patients, physically and psychologically.

The main type of anxiety in burned patients is the one caused by pain. Emotional support can tranquilize patients during the process of care and treatment. This research has been conducted to study how Therapeutic Communication can help reduce the pain anxiety and how it affects recovery from burn wounds. This quasi-experimental research was conducted in a period of ten months in 2005 in the women’s burn ward of Imam Reza hospital in Mashhad. The sample included 60 patients، who were selected non-randomly and were divided into two groups of 30 women، half in intervention and half in control group. The data collection tools were self-report checklist to determine pain anxiety and the observation checklist to observe the extent of burn wound healing. The Therapeutic Communication plan was implemented for the intervention group. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12 software using Chi-square، independent T and Variance Analysis tests. No significant statistical difference regarding the rate of anxiety (P=0. 63) and wound healing (p=0. 73) was observed between control and intervention groups in the pre-intervention stage. During and after the intervention، the rate of anxiety in the subjects of the intervention group was significantly decreased (p=0. 0001). Also the rate of wound healing in the intervention group was significantly increased during (p=0. 018) and after (p=0. 001) the intervention، comparing to the control group. The average rate of wound healing after the intervention in the subjects of control and intervention groups showed a significant difference (p=0. 009). The therapeutic communication between the nurse and patients positively influences the reduction of anxiety and the process of wound healing.

The aim of the present study was to compare pain related cognitions and selective attention to painful stimuli in athletes with and without a history of skeletal muscle injury.The present study was an applied and quasi-experimental research.The population under study included 60 professional and semi-professional male athletes in different fields of sport, 30 of whom had a history of musculoskeletal injury who had been in the field for at least two months. Sports were far, far away. The sampling method was accessible and purposeful. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires of fear of movement, earache and pain anxiety. Selective attention to painful stimuli was measured using the spot exploration test designed and constructed for the present study. The data were analyzed using independent t-test.The results showed that there was a significant difference between two groups of athletes with and without a history of injury. Also in other cognitive indices, fear of movement, consciousness, and ear-to-ear pain and anxiety-related anxiety scores were higher than those without a history of injury. Athletes are subject to many injuries due to the nature of the exercise. It is important to pay attention to identify the important cognitive factors involved in the perception of post-traumatic pain and the existence of appropriate rehabilitation programs and therapies to improve the mental and post-traumatic mental involvement of athletes along with attention to physiological factors and physical recovery.

The pain and anxiety experienced by burn patients during dressing change cannot be thoroughly controlled by painkillers and anxiolytics. Evidence has documented that reciting the name of God can positively impact the reduction of pain and anxiety caused by aggressive procedures. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of reciting the name of God on the pain and anxiety caused by dressing change in patients with burn injuries.

The present clinical trial study was performed on 71 patients admitted to the burn ward of Nekouei-Hedayati-Forghani Hospital affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Patients were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups using the stratified randomization method. Thereafter, 10 min before dressing change, the patients in the experimental group were asked to recite the name of God, while the cases in the control group received the routine care. Patients' pain intensity was measured before mentioning the name of God and immediately after dressing change. Anxiety caused by burn pain was measured before mentioning the name of God, before dressing change, immediately after dressing change, and 15 min later. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using descriptive and analytical statistics (chi-square, independent t-test, and paired t-test).

The mean age of participants was reported as 44.59±9.13. The result of the independent t-test showed that the mean score of pain immediately after dressing change was found to be lower in the intervention group, compared to the control group (P=0.04). Moreover, the result of pair t-test in the intervention group demonstrated that the mean score of pain-induced anxiety was lower immediately after dressing change, in comparison with the time before reciting the name Of God (P<0.001).

As evidenced by the obtained results, reciting the name of God can reduce the anxiety and pain associated with wound dressing changes in burn patients. Therefore, it is suggested that the name of God be used along with pharmaceutical interventions to control pain and anxiety experienced at dressing change.

Aim and Migraine is one of the most common types of headache and significantly impacts patients’ performance and may even be disabling. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of catastrophizing and pain-related anxiety with this health problem.
Methods and Materials: This study was a cross-sectional, correlational research. For the purpose of this study, 178 patients who had been diagnosed with migraine by a neurologist, and referred to private neurology clinics and hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were selected through convenience sampling. The participants completed the Headache Disability Inventory (HDI), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS-20). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software using the Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis.
Findings: A significant positive correlation was observed between both variables of catastrophizing (R = 0.64) and pain-related anxiety (R = 0.62), and headache-related disability. Pain-related anxiety predicted 36% of the variance in headache-related disability (P This study emphasized the role of psychological variables in predicting headache-related disability in patients with migraine. According to the findings, the degree of catastrophizing can be a predictor of headache-related disability; therefore, the consideration of the role of this variable in patients with chronic migraine is one of the important clinical themes of this study. This could help to improve the quality of life in individuals with migraine.

Burn pain during therapeutic procedures causes anxiety in patients. Spiritual health and resilience are factors affecting anxiety. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual health with resilience and wound pain anxiety in burn patients.

In this cross-sectional study, 213 patients were selected by random sampling method. Demographic information, Polotzin and Ellison's spiritual health questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Burns Specific Pain Anxiety Scale were used to collect data. T-tests and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the collected data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 21).

The findings showed that most patients were male (62.91%) with an average age of 38.21 ± 12.72. The average scores of spiritual health, wound pain anxiety, and resilience were 73.63 ± 21.20, 52.83 ± 16.18, and 58.24 ± 13.51, respectively. Although a significant relationship was found between spiritual health and resilience and between resilience and wound pain anxiety, no significant relationship was seen between spiritual health and wound pain anxiety.

Burn patients suffer a lot of pain during procedures such as dressings. Considering the relationship between spiritual health, burn pain anxiety and resilience, educational workshops are suggested to increase spiritual health, resilience and better tolerance during hospitalization.

 Dressing change is a routine care practiced for burn patients, It can be associated with anxiety and pain.  In spite of drug intervention, older patients with burn have to tolerate severe pain in this process. Sedation and analgesia as premedication can lead to complications in the elderly and those with comorbidities. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of visual distraction technique on reducing anxiety and pain due to dressing change in burn elderly patients.

The present study was a single-blind, three-group clinical trial. The research population consisted of elderly patients with burns in Mottahari Hospital. Sixty elderly patients were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experiment and control groups. For experiment group, visual distraction technique (films about nature) was designed to reduce anxiety and pain, and was carried out 20 minutes before dressing. In the control group received routine care. The intensity of Pain and anxiety in patients was evaluated before, immediately after intervention (before dressing), and finally after dressing change using a visual analogue scale. Data were gathered through questionnaires including, the demographics characteristics, visual pain scale, and burn specific pain anxiety scale. For analyzing the data ANOVA, U MannWhitney, and chi-squared were performed using SPSS version 21.

Demographic variables were similar in two groups. The finding indicated that there was not a significant reduction of severity of anxiety (70.5 ± 20.64) and pain (7.75 ± 0.64) in the patients with dressing change burns in the experimental group in compare with control group (70.60 ± 86.87) (7.60 ± 0.86) respectively. (P˂0/01). After intervention, as a significant reduction of severity of anxiety (62.6 ± 55.98) and pain (6.06 ± 0.91) in the patients with dressing change burns in the experimental group in compare with control group (70.51 ± 7.65) (7.73 ± 0.75). After dressing change, as a significant reduction of severity of anxiety (62.6 ± 55.98) and pain (6.06 ± 0.91) in the patients with dressing change burns in the experimental group in compare with control group (70.33 ± 7. 52) (7.68 ± 0.87).

It seems that Visual distraction technique as a supplement medicine can reduce the level of anxiety and pain due to dressing change in burn elderly patients.

 Burned patients experience a high level of anxiety during dress changing. The use of complementary medicine is one of the methods of anxiety management that many studies have conducted about it in recent years. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of progressive relaxation with abdominal respiration technique on pain anxiety of burn dressing. 

 This study was a randomized clinical trial with a control group. We selected forty-five patients referred to Zare Hospital in Sari through simple sampling and assigned into three groups. The first group received relaxation intervention, the second group received respiratory technique intervention, and no intervention was performed in the control group. Burn Specific Pain Anxiety Scale (BSPAS) was used to measure pain-related anxiety. SPSS software version 20 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test were used for data analysis.

 Based on the results, 28% of the participants in the study were single and 72% were married. In terms of age, most of the participants were between 31 and 40 years old. The findings showed that there was no significant difference between the mean pain anxiety levels in the three groups before the intervention. There was a significant difference in the average burn dressing pain anxiety after the intervention between the relaxation group and the control group (P<0.001) and the breathing techniques group and the control group (P<0.000), so that the average burn dressing pain anxiety in the group Relaxation was reduced by 8.60 units as compared to the control group and in the breathing techniques group by 11.60 units as compared to the control group.

 The use of relaxation “techniques” and respiratory techniques, which are non-pharmacological methods, are recommended during dress changing in the burned patient. These methods are simple and inexpensive and can reduce the effects of pain anxiety during dress changing.