In this article the author clarifies his epistemological approach to democracy based on its two crucial principles namely autonomy and dialogue. He has demonstrated that distinguished scholars of this approach deny the integration of religion and democracy and believe in the impossibility of religious democracy. Given this theory, the author has criticized humanological and epistemological foundations of this theory and by criticizing its governing principles he has demonstrated that contrary to this theory, it is quite feasible to integrate religion and democracy even with western definitions and viewpoints.

In the indoor swimming pools, due to the presence of people with different individual characteristics, it is important to design an air conditioning system which can provide thermal comfort conditions for the occupants. Since the differences in the persons’ individual parameters such as gender and body composition, it is required to study the effect of these parameters on the thermal comfort in swimming pools. On the other hand, the location of the air inlet diffuser is one of the effective factors affecting the thermal comfort conditions. In this study, by using the individual 3-node thermal comfort model, the effect of individual parameters on the thermal sensation of people in an indoor swimming pool has been evaluated. The results show that women are more sensitive than men to the cold conditions. In addition, it can be seen that BMI has a significant impact on people thermal sensation. So, thin people are colder thermal sensation than those with healthy physical fitness, and overweight people have a warmer sensation. Based on the results, with the change in body mass index, the index of the thermal sensation can change up to 0.4 units. This is very important in the evaluation of thermal comfort.

One of the sustainability challenges is the gap between sustainability guidelines and action-based decision-making by the target communities. Farmers' behavior as a decision-maker is also a factor influencing the future of sustainability. Interdisciplinary approaches such as human-environmental systems are effective for sustainable management and solving the challenges of sustainability. For this purpose, this study was conducted to investigate the sustainable behavior of agricultural stakeholders and evaluate the separation of behavioral antecedent levels of capability based on sustainability indicators in the form of five capitals and individual characteristics of farmers. The statistical population of this study included 5024 agricultural stakeholders of Ghalehgang County, of which 389 people were selected as a sample by stratified sampling method with appropriate proportion, and two behavioral antecedents of perceived usefulness and perceived compatibility were measured. The research tool was a questionnaire and its validity and reliability were assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis using Lisrel 8.80 software. The statistical method for distinguishing and predicting the status of behavioral antecedents was binary logistic regression using SPSS 25 software. The overall result of the research shows that physical stability indicators are an important variable in predicting the behavior of users. It also turned out that the residence location is effective in predicting behavior. Regarding the individuals' perceived usefulness component, human indicators and the type of water source are significant, while for the perceived compatibility component, social indicators and the type of agricultural activity have a more significant predictive effect.

In its individual family and social dimensions, the religious leaders’ lifestyle goes rested on the doctrines of the Qur’an and hadith serving as a proper pattern for all members of the Islamic society. In order to have the lifestyle of religious leaders made the dominant discourse of the society, we should first introduce the value of the subject of the discourse and let that value be generally known through wisdom good advice and fair dispute (which all serve as sagely and logically explanation of a word). We should then render that subject a concern for individuals to think about it thus a peace of public belief and current idea. Next through the source navigation, we should go to the elite who can generate a new movement of thought in order to help all members of the society develop a new behavior from the heart of that belief. In the end when highlighted and repeated more and more, those behaviors may go changed into a new social culture. The strategy to make such discourse pervasive in the society is: proposing a clear definition, making use of parallel meanings, coining terms, institutionalization, creating qualitative indexes, introducing prominent figures, answering the counter-discourse, persistence with the message transfer, proposing the sound logic of the Islamic Revolution, and making use of public contribution to the creation of message and asymmetric measures. The research is of development kind, and the method of collection, classification, and analysis of data is descriptive-analytic.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the type of effects that adolescent girls receive from celebrities in the development of their identity. The research method was a qualitative type of interpretive phenomenology. The study population was 11 adolescent girls aged 12 to 14 years old in Talesh city of Gilan province in the summer of 2011, who were selected and participated in the study using the purposeful sampling method and to the point of information saturation. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. After recording each interview, the extracted content was implemented word by word on paper. Data coding continued simultaneously with data collection. Data analysis was done using Van Manen's method (2016) in 6 steps. A total of 221 primary codes, 57 primary concepts, 13 sub-themes and 2 main themes were obtained from 11 interviews. The main themes include "positive consequences of affectability" with sub-themes "strengthening openness; strengthening courage and tenacity; enhance social interest; attention to the body and health; strengthening hope and vitality; strengthening communication and emotional skills; and strengthening Iranian-Islamic beliefs" and "negative consequences of affectability" including "weakening and wandering of identity; fashionism; Disagreement with family; Extreme attention to appearance and body image; excessive fantasy; and addiction to virtual space and academic failure. The results showed that due to the increasing growth of virtual space and social networks, the culture of orientation towards celebrities is considered one of the sources of identity of teenagers.

Political culture as a part of public culture that considers the relationship between society and power has a great impact on the political development of countries. This concept has been considered by Iranian and non-Iranian thinkers and researchers in various researches and its components and indicators have been enumerated.But the emergence of social networks that have influenced social interactions as a building block of culture cannot be considered ineffective in political culture; Assuming this, the present study in response to the question that the formation of social networks with interactive, participatory and public capacities has caused the emergence or prominence of what components and indicators in the Iranian political culture? Delphi method has used the opinions of academic elites. Findings show that although some historical components of Iranian political culture such as intellectual absolutism, distrust, xenophobia, extrajudicial behavior, self-control, extremism and the predominance of religious values with other literature in Iranian political culture have existed in the past, but the critical component of the political system with characteristics such as criticism. Among the leading political figures in power, the publication of clips of anti-government political activists and the critique of government policies due to the emergence of virtual social networks in the Iranian political culture has emerged.

The Dalichai Formation in Parikhan section in the west of Shahrood with a thickness of 250 meters consisting of an alternation of bluish-gray was studied. This formation overlies the Shemshak formation disconformity, and it has gradually been covered by the thick-bedded limestones of the Lar formation. The biogenic components consist of brachiopods, gastropods, bivalves, ammonites, echinoderms, belemnites, sponges and sponge spicules, radiolarians, ostracods, benthic foraminifers. The aim of the present study is to discuss the age of the formations and paleobiogeography relationship based on foraminifera and dinoflagellate cyst assemblage.

The Parikhan section is located on the central part of Alborz Mountains, approximately 14 km west of Shahrood (coordinates with E 54° 49΄11 ˝ and N 36° 24΄20˝). 27 samples were collected systematically and processed for palynostratigraphy following the standard palynological technique described in Traverse (2007). Cold hydrochloric (30 %) and hydrofluoric acids (30 %) were used to dissolve carbonate sand silicates, respectively. The residue was neutralized and centrifuged in ZnCl2 with specific gravity (1.9 g/cm3). The materials were then sieved using a 15-μm nylon mesh and mounted on microscope slides using liquid Canada balsam. The present study shows that the Dalichai Formation is rich in terrestrial (spores and pollen grains) and marine palynomorphs (dinoflagellate cysts, acritarchs, and scolecodonts). In the laboratory, thin sections were prepared from all marly limestones and hard resistant shaly marl samples to achieve further microfossils evidence and aid sedimentological descriptions. All samples were processed for foraminiferal analysis following the standard method of Lirer (2000). Thus, 21 species belonging to 17 genera of planktonic and benthonic foraminifera were identified.

In the present study, 30 species of dinoflagellate cysts belong to 22 genera and 10 species of spore, which belong to 8 genera, and 7 species of pollen, which belong to 4 genera, have been identified. Based on the presence and stratigraphic distribution of the most dominant miospore, Klukisporites variegatus and Callialasporites dampieri of pollen are identified in the Dalichai Formation (late Bajocian - Callovian). Based on recorded dinocyst assemblages, especially marker species, three palynozone, including Cribroperidinium crispum Total Range Zone (late Bajocian), Dichadogonyaulax sellwoodii Interval Zone (Bathonian – early Callovian), and Ctenidodinium continuum Interval Zone (late Callovian) were identified.

In the historical studies of Islam and the events of the first century,notably the rule of Imam Ali, the main concern has been that of historically identifying the events which has resulted in neglecting the cultural and social aspects of this era. However, in order to reach a better understanding of the events in this era, the study of the theoretical principles for the distinguished characters,either pro or anti governmental personalities, seems necessary. Contemplating on the oral and written words remained from these people, and quantitatively analyzing it, semantically and synthentically , helps us accomplish this end. In this essay, by studying the contents of Mo'aviyeh's letters to Imam Ali(pbuh) we reach a general profile of his main political , ethical and doctrinal principles .

The approximation of Islamic religions is an idea that seeks to bring the followers of Islamic religions closer, especially Shia and Sunni. Although this term is new, but the Messenger of God (pbuh) used to compare religions in the mosques by referring to the verses of the Quran, Imam Muhammad Baqir (pbuh) and Imam Jafar Sadiq (pbuh) allowed the followers of different religions and schools of thought to attend the class freely. They gave lessons and debates with their students, and Imam Reza (a.s.) also tried to bring the religions closer together in Ma'mun's debates. Of course, during the time of the second caliph, Mansour Abbasi (136-158 AH), Dar al-Taqrib was officially established as a reference for debates and arguments between different religions with the aim of reducing the tension between religions and religions and resolving doubts. Despite all these efforts, due to prejudice, ignorance and conspiracy of the enemies of Islam, the process of convergence of religions has faced obstacles. For approximation, various measures such as: establishment of Dar al-Taqreeb between Islamic Religions for the first time by Mahmoud Shaltut at Al-Azhar University in Egypt, establishment of Dar al-Taqreeb of Islamic Religions, holding the World Forum of Approximation of Islamic Religions, establishment of Islamic Unity Conference in Iran, publication of approximate books, issuance of fatwas on sanctity Insulting the holy things of other religions is one of the other actions. Considering the importance of Dar al-Taqrib in creating the unity of Muslims in the present era, which is considered as a serious danger by the colonizers and misguided sects, this essay tries to introduce the linear course of Dar al-Taqrib in Islamic gatherings and its role in To highlight the unity of the Islamic world.