We should regard planning and policy-making as a function of dominant variables of the planning sphere. The failures of universal and absolutism theories about the issue of development have given rise to the formation of new approaches to the problem of policy-making in development, including the contingency model of policy-making. Fit, coherence and flexibility could be considered as the basic elements of contingency planning. What is the role of contingency policy-making in the developmental and economic planning of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the years 1981-1991 (the so-called sixties according to the solar calendar). Our investigation puts forward the hypothesis that the relative stability of economic and social situations of Iran during the sixties_ despite different political and national security crises that Iran had to struggle with over the years of the imposed war (eight years of war between Iran and Iraq) _ could be explained by the prominence of contingency policy-making in that decade. This study will adopt a descriptive-analytic approach and by using a library research method and investigating primary sources seeks to provide a framework for future studies and also suggests a model to adopt during the times of crises in the course of planning.

The developing countries have proceeded to design and implement various plans for growth and progress during the past decades and have achieved different results according to various domestic and foreign factors. Looking at the experience of developing countries, particularly in the Middle East, the author pays attention to the issue of state intervention in the economic realm. In the first part, certain references were offered regarding five-year plans and annual budgets and the perspective of economic theories toward the role of state in economic growth and development. Now, in the second part, the experience of eight countries including Iran, Turkey, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Egypt and Algeria are taken into consideration with respect to economic planning and the outcomes achieved.

The economic crisis of 1929 was one of the most important economic crises in the twentieth century, beginning in the United States and spreading immediately to other countries. As a result of this crisis, extensive changes in economic and social planning occurred in Iran and most countries of the world. This study by using the archival documents and written sources by analytical-descriptive method, try to answer this question: what were the consequences of the economic crisis of 1929 on the Iranian carpet weaving industry? The hypothesis of this study is that the world economic crisis was a major variable in the direction of Iran's economic planning, including the establishment of a carpet joint stock company. The research findings show that Iranian carpet exports fell sharply due to the economic crisis in the US market and trade competitions. Due to Iran's foreign trade monopoly program and the formation of monopoly companies, carpet exports had some fluctuations. However, the government sought to overcome to foreign trade by monopolizing foreign trade and setup a joint-stock company, but despite the growth of carpet exports in 1931 and 1932, its production never reached the pre-crisis position of the global economy. The formation of Carpet Joint Stock Company could not improve its position, as a result, this caused widespread unemployment in parts of Iran that were heavily dependent on the production and export of carpets.