The quality of firms’ reaction against demand uncertainty affects the production inputs employment. In this research I have studied and compared the behavior of active firms in manufacturing sector with respect to the risk attitude and tested it’s effect on production inputs combination(with the special emphasize on labor employment). The research findings reveal that active firms in manufacturing of food, beverage and tobacco products (code31), manufacturing of textile, wearing apparel and leather products (code32) and manufacturing of wood and products of wood (code33) don’t significantly react against the risk resulted from demand uncertainty so demand uncertainty has not significant effect on capital-labor ratio. In manufacturing of paper, publishing and printing (code34), due to the risk averseness of the firms demand uncertainty increases the capital-labor ratio. In manufacturing of chemical products (code35), manufacturing of non-metallic mineral products (code36), manufacturing of basic metal (code37) and manufacturing of machinery, equipment and metal instruments products (code38), however, firms negatively react against the demand uncertainty and rise in demand uncertainty decreases the labor intensity in these sub- sectors.

This research aimed to design a model of exit strategies from stagnation and turnover of industrial enterprises active in Iran's auto parts manufacturing industry.

This research is developmental-applied and has a mixed approach ‎‎(qualitative and quantitative). The qualitative part has been carried out using ‎the thematic analysis approach and quantitative analysis to validate the qualitative ‎model and using the statistical approach of confirmatory factor analysis. The ‎qualitative model is based on conducting 18 semi-structured interviews with ‎academic, industrial and governmental experts in The field of research that has been ‎carried out until reaching theoretical adequacy. The validity of the findings of ‎the qualitative section has been confirmed by using the triangulation approach, ‎the qualitative review of construct validity, and the opinions of external judges. ‎The research community of the quantitative part also included all the heads and ‎senior managers of the automobile parts manufacturing companies located in ‎the northwest of the country, and the statistical sample was selected from ‎among them by relative randomness and in the number of 360 people. The ‎questionnaire was created based on the validation of the qualitative model. After checking and confirming the validity and reliability with content ‎approaches and checking the internal consistency among the statistical sample, ‎it was distributed.‎

The final findings in the form of strategies to get out of the recession for ‎component companies in the form of 63 main concepts, 11 subcategories and 3 ‎general categories under the headings: "Strategies involving ‎resources and internal factors", "Strategies at the chain level to get out of ‎recession (inter-firm)" and "support strategies focused on the governance level ‎and macro factors outside the firm" were divided and summarized.‎

Industrial Clusters and SMEs play a critical role in economic growth, reducing unemployment rate, improving technology and boosting exports in countries. Regarding the importance of SMEs in economies, it is essential to provide a platform in which SMEs can be formed and survive. The main obstacle is accessing to external financial resources. The main aim of this paper is to survey effective factors on SMEs' access to financial resources. This paper main question is that, which factors affect on SMEs' access to financial resources. Therefore, at first, we select SMEs from active industrial parks in three provinces namely Tehran, Isfahan and East Azerbaijan from 2006-2015. Then, through logit model with panel data and using Eviews9, we assess factors affecting SMEs' access to financial resources. Results reveal that interest rate, size of SMEs, age of SMEs, size of loans and loans maturity contribute to SMEs' success/failure to obtain financial supports

Resource rich countries, especially those with large oil and gas reserves, are constantly seeking to increase their market share through adopting various policies that optimize and/or expand production. “Local Content Policies” are primarily enacted through government interventions with the long-term goal of increasing the share of employment, or sales, in each of the value chain segments within the host country. Therefore, effective economic planning for this purpose is contingent upon the utilization of proper econometric tools for the quantitative evaluation of policies enacted. This study examines the effects of implementation of “Local Content Policies” on the growth of select industrial enterprises, during the years 1996 to 2022. The paper considers the percentage of projects assigned to domestic contractors in 14 South Pars gas field projects as the variable for “Local Content Policy”. Moreover, using econometric methods and, panel data the paper examines the data regarding sales, employed manpower and capital of the 42 companies participating at various stages of projects.The results obtained showed that the implementation of this policy has had a significant and positive effect on the growth of Iranian industrial enterprises. However, this effect has not been uniformed across various fields.

In international economics literature, there is a great emphasis on importance of exports on economic development and growth. Because of growth in international trade, all countries try to activate this engine of economy by implementing proper policies. The experience of emerging economies has shown that countries with high intensity of industrial exports have experienced faster economic growth than others. Thus, focusing on industrial export and studying factors which affect export intensity are very important. So, in this study we investigate the impact of firm- and industry-level characteristics on export intensity. For this purpose, the data for Iranian manufacturing firms during 2007 to 2013 have been used. The results of empirical model estimated by using Dynamic Panel-Data approach and GMM Estimator show that export intensity of firms is positively affected by research and development intensity, capital intensity, labor productivity of firms and export intensity of industry while firm size, industry concentration and industry-level labor productivity has negative and significant effect on export intensity.

It is expected that audit activities enhanc the transparency, quality and reliability of financial reports. So they can provide better condition for more adequaite decition making by economic agents and lead to improve the economic firm's performance. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of audit activities on economic firm's performance in Iran manufacturing sector.
In this paper, the effects of audit activities on manufacturing establishment performance variables have been studied using panel data approach during period 2004-2013. The research findings reveal that audit activities have significantly affected the production growth rate, profitability, investment growth, investment efficiency and labor productivity in large manufacturing establishments. According to the findings, 1% increase in audit costs growth rate leads to 0.33% increase in production growth rate. Furthermore, 1% increases in audit costs rate leads to 0.04% increase in profitability, 0.27% increase in incestment, 0.06% increase in investment efficiency and 0.11% increase in labor productivity in manufacturing establishments

Insufficient infra-structure investment, poor interaction between manufacturing sector and academic circles, among others, are significant factors involved in soaring unemployment rate in the past few years. Economic activists propose a variety of solutions therefore, including empowering large-scale enterprises. The current research paper is an attempt to take into account the feasibility of organizing large-scale enterprises on a cooperative basis and thus, rendering them more efficient. The paper is a survey using a questionnaire as well as a documentary approach. Out of 1076 functional cooperatives across the province, the statistical population comprises 70 functional ones. The survey results show that the factors involved in empowering small and medium enterprises, in the order of significance, are: working capital, machinery and equipments, skilled labor, capable market, inputs, production increase and quality, and facilities.

New firms face with diverse challenges such as lack of resources. Business relationships are a special approach to reach other organizations’ resources and capabilities. Yet very little research has explained how new nanotechnology firms’ roles change during joint new product development process. This paper is applied and qualitative research based on longitudinal multi-case study of five collaborations between the new nanotechnology firms and incumbents from 1388 to 1395. The contribution of this research is available in two parts. First, the roles of the new nanotechnology firms change during collaboration from a “technology recommend-er” at the start to “technology developer” and then “incumbent’s value chain supplier” in mass production. Second, the result shows the evaluation of new nanotechnology firms’ role. This study provides a worthy illustration of these collaborations for researchers, businesses, and policy makers.

Geographical position of firm could have a significant effect on the export success of the firm، because of the economies of agglomeration. This study provides a model for export decision of Iranian industrial firms with emphasis on geographical position of firms. In this model، export decision of a firm is affected not only by firm characteristics but also by the geographical position of firm. To that end، using the firm level data of Iranian industrial firms at 2007، first the geographic-industrial concentration is calculated as an indicator of geographical position، and then the export decision of these firms is regressed on geographic-industrial concentration besides firm characteristic variables like labor productivity، firm size and human capital intensity. Empirical results show that export decision of the firm is not only affected by the firm characteristic variables، but also the location of firm (i. e. geographical position of firm) has also a significant effect on firm''s export decision. That is، that exporting firms in a region that are involved in the same industry، reduce costs for other firms to enter foreign markets.

In terms of financing, penetration in global markets and emphasis on comparative advantage, attracting FDI play a key role in boosting economic growth, providing foreign exchange and increasing non-oil exports. In this study, the effect of determinants on foreign-owned firms survival is investigated by the Complementary Log-Log Model. To achieve the purpose, the future status of valid foreign investment licenses in 2007 until 2019 was followed. The results suggest that after JCPOA until withdrawal of US from the agreement, foreign-owned firms were less likely to leave Iran than during the sanctions. The results also show that with increasing in age and size of capital, the hazard of foreign-owned firms exit will decrease. Foreign-owned firms from Europe were less likely to leave than other investors, as well as foreign-owned firms which active in the industrial sectors and some provinces with more than three million people were less likely to leave.