Rapid urban development in recent decades، has affected various aspects of social، economic، cultural، political and human environment. Negative environmental effects of urban growth have increased to such extent that is the largest threat in front of the ecosystem. One of the consequences of these negative environmental effects is ecological and biological capacitance reduction، also referred to as desertification. Currently، the desertification، with human intervention، is more technogenic desertification and is beyond salinity، wind erosion، and other parameters that were previously considered. The main aim of the present study is to survey the effect of urban and industrial development (technogenic desertification) in the desertification of the East region of the Esfahan province. In this study we tried to determine and prepare plan of potential situation of land desertification، caused by urban and industrial development، which is one of the most important human-caused criteria in the assessment of areas affected by desertification within the Isfahan Province eastern region. For this purpose، in addition to information on land use map and work unit map of study area، the visual interpretation of satellite images are also used to identification and spatial adaptation of desertification assessment indices with land realities. Arc GIS and ILWIS software are applied to use digital files and presented maps. Review and comparison of criteria scores of technogenic desertification in the study area indicated that low-intensity desertification is expanded at about 284،451 hectares of the area (82. 3%)، moderate-intensity desertification is expanded to approximately 59187 hectares of the area (17. 2%)، and severe desertification of land is expanded to about 1883 hectares of the area (0. 5%). Land with very severe desertification in the area is not observed.

Land suitability evaluation plays an important role in environmental sustainable management. Besides, it is a prerequisite for land planning which affects sustainability of the activities and sustainable development. The current study aims to evaluate and model the agricultural, urban and industrial development in Great Isfahan (as the most crowded center of Isfahan province and the most important agricultural and industrial hub of the country) using the data in 2018. Land-use planning is increasingly focusing on the aspects of environmental conservational and sustainable development. Choosing the appropriate areas for this purpose is a complex process which requires lots of effective factors. We use multi-criteria evaluation of the land-use allocation models applying geographic information system. First, the required data (including topographic variables, water resources, geology, land-use, accesses, infrastructure factors, biological resources, soil and climatic parameters) were identified, suitability maps were prepared using fuzzy method, and the weight of the factors was determined employing the analytic hierarchy process. Then, the prepared maps were combined using the weighted linear combination method. Finally, the final maps of land-uses suitability were prepared and classified according to the expert opinions. The findings show that approximately 586.9, 197.2 and 24 km2 (20.3%, 6.9% and 0.08%) of the total area of the region is suitable for agricultural, urban and industrial development, respectively. Besides, the northwest and southeast of the region are in an appropriate area. We conclude that MCE and GIS techniques are effective tools for land evaluation and planning. The results of the present research can be used as a multi-criteria decision analysis to obtain a deep insight into the sustainable use of natural resources. Moreover, three possible scenarios (current ecological and socio-economic trend, conservation of agricultural lands and urban-industrial development) can be designed and modeled based on.

Although urban and industrial development in arid regions of Iran has lead to landscape degradation and desertification, in order to answer the need for development of such places, these types of development have always been encouraged by planners and policymakers. Whereas the shortcomings of present models of land use planning and carrying capacity determination, such developmental pattern has heavy environmental and cultural resource destruction. Ecological analysis in landscape scale shows that the wrong configuration and spatial arrangement of these land uses beside the scares water and vegetation resource of the area leads to destruction and change of these essential and fragile elements of landscape. Financial and social supports given to this type of development, has changed the conservation priorities of natural resources to over usage and even destruction of them in these types of regions. In this research, environmental impacts of urban and industrial development are investigated in ecosystem, landscape and regional scales. The results show that the configuration and composition and weight of industrial and urban development in the study area are much further than the environmental capability and carrying capacity of the study area.

Major urban areas are being largely affected by population growth and immigration which eventually lead to unplanned constructions and unrestrained urban expansion. In the meantime, industrial areas as one of the most important sectors with great impact on the concentration of population and activities, accelerate the growth of cities and create a plethora of changes in the landscape. Ignoring regional planning during the decision-making process usually leads industrial areas to expand inappropriately and impose instability on the environment, interacting with the parent cities. In this study, the What if? decision support tool was used to assess the ecological potential, optimizing urban growth and industrial development in Gonbad Kavus Township, Golestan Province, Iran, simulating the future under different scenarios by 2041. The mapped criteria include land-use, multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) layers, population density, infrastructures, growth patterns as well as ecological and socio-economic driving factors. The results showed that 24107 hectares can best be allocated to urban development and 5362.6 hectares can best be allocated to industrial development. Furthermore, the findings remarked water resources, land use, and morphology as well as natural and anthropogenic hazards are as key driving forces in site-selecting the cities and industries. Most of the land-use changes were seen in the transition from agricultural to built-up and industrial areas. Accordingly, Fajr, Aghabad, and Baghli Marma districts were best found capable in terms of urban and industrial development criteria and infrastructures as well.

The economic and population growth in Iran has been resulted in conversion of agricultural lands to urban and industrial uses. This paper attempts to estimate the environmental and economic value of agricultural lands which has been converted to industrial and residential use. The results indicate that the environmental value of per hectare paddy is about 310 million rials each year in Mazandaran Province. Whereas، production value of land was about 120 million rials. Comparing these figures، it would be suggested that in a cost and profit analysis of land the opportunity cost of land use change also should be considered.

In the recent decades, the effect of dry climate of Iran is due to expanding desertification in this country. The countryside of Kerman has selected for this survey. For investigating of amount of deserts generation around this city after geometric and radiometric studying¡ the image of Landsat ETM 2009 and aerial photos at a scale of 1: 5000, preparing of basic maps of earth and vegetation covers maps. To estimate of the severity level of desertification in Kerman, The indicator of Urban and industrial development based on IMDPA , that including density of roads and mines, amount of green space and changing to pasture and forest land. After that giving score to this parameters did upon its affect for destroying and desertification.Finally, in GIS software, with using analytic functions required based on IMDPA. Land area were classified in terms of desertification. The results show that the effects of desertification land in Kerman city can be classified to three section¡ critical , medium and low.

The Earth's limited resources can be sustainably maintained by its human population, if are used optimally and in a balanced way. Assessing the ecological land capability examines the ability of the land to support human activities in a sustainable manner and determines the most desirable type of land use by humans. In this study, the assessment of the ecological capability of Sistan plain for agriculture and pasture, urban and rural development, ecotourism, forestry and afforestation, ecological protection and aquaculture land useses in 2019 has been carried out by integrating the multi-factor ecological models of Makhdoum with Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS). Data and information related to 24 ecological, physical, climatic and biological parameters of the region, obtained from satellite images or existing maps, have been processed and analyzed in the environment of remote sensing and GIS software. The results showed that 100% of Sistan plain has ecological capability for protection, 63% for grade 2 of extensive ecotourism and 19% for grade 4 of rangeland and has no suitable potential for other land uses including agriculture and forestry. The results of this study showed the need to pay more attention to conservation measures and reduce agricultural and industrial activities in the Sistan plain. By comparing the ecological capability of the area with its current land use, it was determined that in a large part of the northeastern area, which has the capability for protection, agricultural activities are currently carried out, and in most of the areas that are intended for extensive protection and recreation, there are bare lands, pasture and forest land uses. The results showed the need to pay more attention to protective measures and reduce agricultural and industrial activities in this vulnerable area. Since the process of evaluating the ecological capability often requires spending considerable time and costs, another goal of the research was to combine RS and GIS with the existing ecological models, in order to assess the ecological capability of the Sistan plain. Because it is very effective in speeding up, increasing the accuracy and updating the information and outputs of existing models and finally speeding up the process of land use planning - which is currently one of the most important challenges to achieve sustainable development in Iran.

Now days desertification of lands in phenomelal that threaded different region of world specially arid, semi arid and semi-arid humid. In this research whit using of two Irainian new IMDPA that is based on geometric sum and MICD that is based on arithmetic sum. Desertification capacity of Lar city area during recent half century (from 1995 to 2005) has considered with emphasis on factor of urbanization and industrial development. For this purpose as region situation was used following five indexes: the ratio of the potential population acceptance to actual population, the raito of residential and industrial lands to horticultural and agricultural lands, road and mine density, and percapital green areas. Finally studies showed in IMDPA method 43.79 persent of total region (hectare 4348.67) in low class of desertification, 35.01 persent (hectare 3476.62) in medal class, 21.09 persent (hectare 2049.21) in severe class and 0.11 persent (hectare 10.54) which it sets to the high severe desertification. Whereas in MICD method 43.8 persent of total region (hectare 4349.12) in low class desertification, 26.38 persent (hectare 2619.92) in medal class and 29.82 persent (hectare 2961) which it sets to the severe desertification. Ingeneral as for scoring method in MICD through indexes Pirewise comparison with done Analytical Hierarchy Process, this model has peresented more acceptable results from desertification to IMDPA model that is more near to the realty.

Desertification due to urban or technological development is due to human intervention and land use change, which is a serious problem. In addition to accelerating land degradation, population growth is leading to misuse of land. In the present study, using Landsat4-5 satellite imagery of 1986 TM sensor and Landsat 8 satellite imagery of OLI TIRS sensor of 2017, the trend of land use changes in Tabas city was investigated. The study area was divided into 6 units and using the Iranian Model of Desertification Potential Assessment (IMDPA), standard technogenic criteria and indicators were studied, and finally the numerical value of standard indicators of urban and industrial development (ratio of man-made to agricultural and garden lands, ratio of man-made lands to garden) And forest or green space, per capita green space index, percentage of road construction areas and road density, ratio of potential population to actual population) were calculated for the whole region in both time periods. Studies have shown that during the studied years, the level of man-made complicaions has increased by 5.68 percent, while arable lands have also increased by about 5.9 percent. The results showed that in the study area, the ratio of man-made land ratio, to garden and forest or green space and green space index with numerical values of 0.92 and 9.14, respectively, had the greatest impact in 1986 and man-made land ratio. To agricultural and horticultural construction and road density index with a numerical value of 0.79 and 1.95, respectively, in 2017 have the least impact on the technogenic desertification of the region. Based on the five indicators studied, the quantitative value of desertification intensity for the whole region in 1986 was 1.89, which is in the middle class of desertification, and in 2017, 7.13, which is in the very severe class of desertification.

Land use planning and appropriate use of regional environmental characteristics are principles of sustainable development. Due to the overpopulation, changing land use is high in Marvdasht region. The aim of this study is to make the comparison between the land use and preparing planning map of this region. This research is descriptive-analytic and library study, questionnaires and surveys and field observations have been used to collect data. Data analysis was performed with software ArcGis 9.3. Comparison of the potential regional land use through overlaying different layers was done by using Makhdoom model and GIS quantitative planning to prepare regional land use map. It should be mentioned that not tangible modifications in are done in the preparation of environmental units and current land use map. Results show that the first priority (sum of scenarios) is irrigation agriculture and then ecotourism and the only current land use is allocated to the industry, urban and rural (0.4%) development. Also, utilization of irrigation agriculture (40%) and protection (1.47%) are less than the optimum environmental capability of the region and utilization of forestry (22%) and pasturage (32%) are more than the environmental capability.