implementing large-scale projects such as municipal wastewater collection and treatment networks with the aim of reusing water in industry and agriculture, improving environmental health and quality of life, regardless of social participation, is not possible or causes high costs. The purpose of this study is to Sociological analysis of people's social participation in the implementation of such projects. The research method was the survey and and the effect of independent variables on the dependent was measured using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population is all households living in -Zarand city of Kerman, where one of these projects is being implemented in this city, and 375 people were selected by cluster random sampling. Data were collected at home and analyzed using SPSS software. Findings show that the independent variables  have a direct linear relationship with the dependent and have been able to predict 36% of changes in the dependent variable. On the other hand, based on the effect coefficients of linear regression (β) of Social and cultural class (β =0.16), Existence of challenges in domestic sewage treatment (β =0.17), Knowledge of sewage project implementation methods (β =0.16),  Participation in social affairs (β =0.26), quality of life Satisfaction (β =0.24), and Social and institutional trust (β=0.15) are effective on participating in the implementation of Zarand municipal Wastewater treatment plan. In another part of the findings, it has been identified that the most important effects of this project from the people's point are increasing water for industry, reducing the risks of wells falling,  and improving the health quality of neighborhoods. To optimally implement this plan, suggestions are provided at the end of the article.

Sustainable-integrated structural, functional, and management systems of water resources with emphasis on understanding the dynamics and co-evolution of coupled human-water systems have created concepts such as environmental hydrology, social hydrology, water sociology, etc. The evolution of the science of hydrology based on the theory of socio-ecological systems faces various challenges, including missing ring of social capital, local management, and regeneration of ecological wisdom governing the common resource, which requires the recognition of the semantic interaction and co-evolution of ecological wisdom and social hydrology. The current descriptive-analytical research formulates a conceptual framework for the development of social hydrology based on ecological wisdom intellectual foundation governing the ancient hydraulic heritage. The analysis of commonalities and differences in ecological wisdom, social hydrology, and their study paths based on comparative analysis emphasizes the realization of new insight in light of ecological wisdom, which, while linking procedural and conceptual approaches, provides a framework for the coupled systems co-evolution, with the potential to fully understand complexities, connections, and feedbacks, transform conflicts into interactions, analyze past events, strengthen the participation of stakeholders, predict long-term consequences of today's decisions, and facilitate the policymaking, decision-making processes, and formulation of efficient management strategies at various local, national, and regional scales.

Nearly 9 decades have passed since the launch of the establishment and the extension of institution of sociology which has been both meaningful to the Lifeworld (Lebenswelt) of Iranian and has been effective on development programs (objective impact) in Iran. In recent years, when the water crisis in Iran has become more objective, the Institute of Humanities and especially Sociology In Iran has been a party to the discussion in the form of scientific and research articles and academic meetings and seminars. With these descriptions and for a accurate assessment of the relationship between sociology in Iran and the roots of water crisis, we can question of relationship of sociology of Iran with the problem of climate, nature and environment in general and the problem of water as a fundamental and vital element in Iranian's environment and society. In the present research we investigate the climatic and environmental implications of seven main approaches in researches of "sociology of iran" namely "Iranian tyranny, Iranian feudalism, functionalism, neo-functionalism, poststructuralism , critical school and ecology approach" and their relationships with roots of water crisis with Compare each other.

Unsustainable use of water resources including inefficient irrigation, overexploitation of groundwater resources, damming, evaporating, river piping and pumping, lakes and wetlands shrinking, has become a global problem. Scientists have been studying hydrology without considering the role and impacts of human interventions and the coupling of human-nature effects. But it has been shown later that without it, the investigation of a hydrological cycle would be accompanied by error. For this reason, a novel concept of socio-hydrology was proposed to investigate the two-way coupling of human-water systems. Based on the results of studies and considering the importance of the human role in causing environmental changes, particularly in hydrological responses of basins, it seems necessary to study river basins in the form of socio-hydrology. Therefore, water experts in hydrology, water resources management, sociology, and economics need to become familiar with new interdisciplinary concepts, including socio-hydrology in order to tackle water challenges in river basins. In this paper, in addition to introducing the concept of socio-hydrology, the differences between socio-hydrology, integrated water resources management, and phytosociology are addressed. Furthermore, the different kinds of coupling human-water systems investigation including historical socio-hydrology, comparative socio-hydrology, and process socio-hydrology are introduced. Finally, the challenges that socio-hydrology encounters with; were argued.

Water scarcity is one of the most critical challenges facing Iranian society in recent decades. This issue has impacted most regions across Iran. The water scarcity crisis has also spread to areas that were previously unaffected. Semirom is one of these regions, which, due to its favorable geographical and climatic conditions on the one hand, and the social management of water resources on the other hand, has been less susceptible to water scarcity in the past. Utilization of indigenous knowledge and collective conceptualization of water as a shared resource has enabled the management of water resources through community-driven cooperation. In essence, there exists a form of social governance of water rooted in principles of collective coexistence. However, for various reasons explored in this research, the water shortage crisis has now become a fundamental challenge in Semirom. The origins of this problem can be traced back to the disruption of collective coexistence and its underlying processes. This research sought to analyze and understand the dynamics of collective coexistence and social governance of water among the citizens of Semirom. To achieve this goal, the study investigated the semantic frameworks employed by Semirom's citizens in relation to water scarcity, factors influencing these frameworks, strategies adopted to address the challenge, and consequences of realizing or failing to realize these strategies.

This study employed the grounded theory method (systematic approach) to achieve its objectives. The research participants comprised citizens and water experts from Semirom. The sampling method was purposive based on semi-structured interviews conducted with 30 individuals from the local community and the water sector. The interview process continued until theoretical saturation was reached, which was characterized by the absence of new emergent topics and development of sufficiently robust and nuanced categories and relationships. The systematic 3-step coding method of grounded theory (open, axial, and selective coding) was utilized to analyze the interview data.

The results revealed that collective coexistence and social governance of water resources were fundamental to water management in the past. However, these principles had been weakened by various factors. Nevertheless, the current situation showed signs of renewed collective efforts to address the water scarcity challenge in Semirom, which could serve as a turning point for water resources management in the region if strengthened. The study identified a paradigm model depicting the factors affecting collective coexistence and social governance of water. The causal conditions included environmental-natural factors (climatic changes and shifts in harvest and cultivation patterns), socio-cultural factors (inefficient water management, unsustainable consumption patterns, and demographic changes), and political-economic factors (demand-supply imbalances and corruption in water management). The strategies for effectively addressing water scarcity involved socio-cultural reconstruction (strengthening cooperation, promoting responsible water use, revitalizing collective traditions, environmental literacy, and sustainable consumption practices), managerial reconstruction (institutional coordination, systematic monitoring, and improved efficiency), and economic reconstruction (water-based economy, targeted credit, and alternative industrialization). The contexts facilitating or hindering the implementation of these strategies included the region's single-product economy and water storage policies. The intervening conditions included water commercialization, research gaps, and insufficient financing. If the proposed strategies were successfully realized, they would catalyze a form of 'biological rebirth' in Semirom, encompassing economic, social, environmental, and public health regeneration. The core category emerging from the study was "collective coexistence as the social governance of water", underscoring its centrality to sustainable water management in the region.

There is a need for rethinking in sociology, but numerous studies in this area, if not evaluated in the form of review efforts, can themselves lead to diversity, confusion, and sometimes contradiction in the findings and results obtained. In such an atmosphere, in addition to loss of rethinking effort, the field of attack on the legitimacy and position of sociology also expands. As stated on mentioned problem, the present study aimed to reflect on the reflection of sociology in Iran based on the systematic review strategy. The statistical population includes research done on sociology in Iran from 1991 to 1999 and published as articles, dissertations, and books. The fundamental question is, "What are the characteristics of accumulated knowledge in terms of form, methodology, and content?" To answer this question, based on the methodological steps, the literature on the subject was reviewed through field study, searching for works and sources, selection, studying, filing, coding, and finally, description and analysis. Finally, the results were presented in two sections: formal and content findings. Suggestions from this description and analysis emphasize the need to carefully ask questions, clarify concepts, and rely on approaches such as the sociological approach of sociology in future reflection efforts.

The Stratigraphic analysis of the Abderaz Formation in Kopet-Dagh Basin, NE of Iran, at Taherabad Village has been studied. At this locating, the Abderaz Formation consists of gray to blue marl and white gray shale with 4 layers of chalky limestone.The thickness of Abderaz Formation is about 1955.5 m at this location. The boundary between Aitamir and Abderaz Formation is paraconformity and the boundry between Abderaz and Abtalkh, the top of this unit, is conformable. In this study, 70 species belonging to 35 genus of Foraminifera were recognized and 4 biozones in the Abderaz Formation have identified. Based on fossil assemblages, the age of the Abderaz Formation is Middel Turonian to Campanian. The age of upper most part the of Aitamir Formation is close to the end of Cenomanian. Therefore, at the end of Cenomanian and early parts of Middel Turonian a hiatus is present which is related to sub-Hercynian movment.

A great number of sociological studies on democratization emphasize on the role of social classes in democratic transitions and the consolidation of democracy. Some authors like Barrington Moore know bourgeoisie as the historical agent of democracy, and for the authors like Dietrich Rueschemeyer, the workers are agents of democracy. In this article, we argue for a new perspective on the role of social classes in democratization based on a comparative historical study of the experience of democracy in Iran (1941-1953), Turkey (1945-1960) and South Korea (1945-1961). We are going to show that there are no specified pre-supposed interests in democracy for any social class, but the interests are historical-situational constructs of the circumstances of period under investigation. Democracy based on such an analysis is not the function of historical action of a specified class, rather it is the consequence of power balance between the classes in a specific part of history. In addition, as a part of such a perspective, the article argues in favour of a structural explanation for democratic consolidation.

Since its emergence in the late 1890''s until the contemporary period، economic sociology has witnessed remarkable developments. Economic sociologists have classified these developments into three chronological periods: The Emergence Period from 1890 to the late 1920; the Decline Period from 1930 to 1960; and the Renaissance Period following the 1970''s. Such a classification is more or less common in the economic sociology; however، there is a lack of vivid discussion on the reasons and factors that contributed to the decline and then the rebirth of economic sociology، which needs to be investigated. Focusing on this need، this article first explores the reasons for the decline and renaissance of economic sociology in different areas. Then، it explains that the decline and renaissance of economic sociology are basically the result or outcome of thickening and thinning boundaries between economy and sociology. And finally، by emphasizing this key idea، the article argues that the boundaries between sociology and economy are not pre-defined، solid and clear-cut، rather they should be considered flexible، changing، and historical.