Alevi concepts in poetic words cover another garment in such a way that poetry is mixed with Sharia and Alevi love is achieved with more knowledge. Therefore, in this research, with the descriptive-analytical and testimonial method, the study of Alevi doctrines and rituals in Jihun-Yazdi ritual mourning is discussed. The findings of the research indicate that Alavi Manqbat in Jihoun's poetry has a special style, so that the words are formed in the framework of a specific thought and thinking to turn away from the world, to move towards the truth and to move towards perfection. In fact, Jihoon uses the two wings of "Fear and Raja" to deal with the Alevi Manqbat, and in this way, he considers Iman as a child of the marriage of these two wings, and considers the truth of his thought to be the grace of Ahl al-Bayt's character. The materials of the poet's words with the Alavi perspective take a step towards the happiness of man and in this way they reach the highest limit of using material and spiritual gifts, but in the meantime, the essence of the Sharia is beautifully revealed in the words of the poet, and the Sharia is a means or a shell for tariqa and reaching It turns into the truth of the Alevi school. In this way, the poet first implements Alavi's face in the form of a "design" in the poem and then draws the audience to Alavi's virtues so that the words of the poem inform us of the existence of Ahl al-Bayt and Alavi's personality appears in the horizon of words. It establishes a direct relationship with the reader so that the audience can find their way to the life of Ahl al-Bayt. The frequency of names of Imam Hussain (AS) is 0.39, Qamar Bani Hashem 0.15, Hazrat Zainab 0.14, Ali Asghar 0.7, Ali Akbar 0.6 and other Ahlul Bayt and martyrs 0.19.

After the establishment of the Ilkhanid government, for the first time since the fall of the Sassanids, the name of Iran was revived as a land with political and geographical independence, and the Ilkhanate were called the rulers of the vast land of Iran from Jeyhun to the Euphrates. This issue has been mentioned in the histories of the Ilkhanid period. This research studies how the concept of Iran is represented in the important historical epics of the Ilkhanid era, namely Homayoonnameh, Changizi Shahnameh, Zafarnameh, Shahanshahnameh, to determine how much the poets of these historical epics tried to call the realm of the Ilkhanid Iran. The results of this study show that in these poems there are two different attitudes towards Iran: in Shahnameh, Zafarnameh and Shahanshahnameh, the domain of the Ilkhanid rulers is often called Iran and its borders as from Jeyhun to Rome and Egypt. Furthermore, the Ilkhanid rulers are introduced as Iranian kings who defend the borders of Iran. But in Homayoonnameh such examples are rarely seen. It seems that the most important reason for Homayoonnameh’s different approach is that this poem was written early in the formation of the Ilkhanid government, when the concept of Iran and Iranian identity were still less considered; but the composition of the other three poems was done in the period of stability of this dynasty. The personal views of the poets are also influential in their approaches. The main purpose of Zajaji was to narrate the history of Islam, but Kashani, Mostufi and Tabrizi included their Iranianist views in interpreting historical events. These two different and meaningful approaches in these poems show that the poets have consciously and purposefully used the name of Iran in their works. In addition, the results of the research prove that in the period of stabilization of the Ilkhanid rule, Iran was once again recognized as an independent territory with certain geographical borders, which the kings knew their duty to defend against the invading enemies.

Kath, a city located east of the Jeyhun River, was the town of Khwarazm, the ancient capital, and the first political, social and economic centre of the Khwarazm region. This city, together with Jurjaniyeh (Gurganj, Organj), turned the province of Khwarazm into one of the bright centres of Islamic civilization in the east of the Islamic world. Kath was considered an important city in the early Islamic centuries, but gradually its importance and status decreased and Jurjaniyeh took Kath's place as the seat of Khwarazm. What were the factors of Kath's prosperity and importance and why it lost its prestige and prosperity is the issue that this article seeks to investigate? The research method is descriptive and analytical, relying on library sources. The findings of this research show that Kath was a prestigious and prosperous city long ago, due to the centrality of the province of Khwarazm. Abad markets and extensive trade with the Turks were a sign of the commercial prosperity of this city, and the abundance of scholars and scientists was a sign of its scientific prosperity, especially during the reign of the scholarly family of Al-Iraq over this land. The prosperity of Kath did not end until the 4th century of Hijri, and from this time, due to the frequent floods of the Jeyhun River and the destruction of parts of Kath, and more importantly, the prosperity of Jurjaniyeh (as the new centre of Khwarazm), Kath lost its importance and prestige, Degenerate.

The use of bicycle is one of the effective ways to develop sustainable urban transportation system and reduce traffic and environmental problems. Therefore, in order to eliminate traffic issues and develop this kind of transportation system, the present study is firstly aimed to identify effective factors on the selection of the bicycle route in Karun, Qasr Al-Dasht, Dampezeshki and Jeyhun streets in the district 10 of Tehran city and secondly the streets are prioritized based on the criteria and subcriteria for the bicycle route. For achieving the purposes, firstly, factors contributed to the improvement of urban traffic quality using a questionnaire survey based on 20 experts and 280 citizens are investigated. Secondly, criteria and sub-criteria related to bicycle route factors are examined based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods including Delphi technique and cause-effect relationships by decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. In addition, analytic network process (ANP) and T-test are applied for prioritizing effective factors and studied streets in order to place bicycle routes. Therefore, according to the questionnaire survey, 5 criteria and 28 sub-criteria related to the selection of the bicycle routes were found and the reliability of the questionnaire survey was obtained 0.9. Furthermore, the relative importance and weighting average values for criteria and subcriteria were obtained. Finally, the results of the present study for prioritizing effective factors using the questionnaire survey, DEMATEL, ANP and T-test methods indicated that the most important factors are prioritized as safety, environmental, traffic, human and other factors. Moreover, Qasr Al-Dasht street with the highest score is selected as the first ranked street for the selection of bicycle route to improve urban traffic quality and Dampezeshki, Karun and Jeyhun streets are ranked in the next ranks for the bicycle route, respectively.