Positron emission tomography (PET) system is used in order to diagnose physiology changes in the body. Thus, the goal of the PET studies is to obtain a good quality and detailed image of organs by the PET scanner. The PET system performance and output image quality depend on the parameters including spatial resolution, scatter fraction, sensitivity, RMS contrast and SNR which the system was evaluated based on them. In this paper, system features and tomography method for the IRI-microPET system are considered, firstly. Then, image reconstruction algorithms (MLEM, SART, and FBP) were performed on sinogram and the performance and the acquired images quality were evaluated. The radial and tangential resolutions of 1.81 mm and 1.90 mm for 18F at the center of FOV were measured. The scatter fraction of 7.1% for the mouse phantom and the sensitivity of 1.74% in 4 ns timing window was measured. Finally, images quality was compared by RMS contrast and SNR factors, which MLEM algorithm has superiorityin comparison with the other reconstructed algorithms.The acquired results from IRI-MicroPET system were compared with available commercial animal PET scanner which the results show the good agreement between data.

The Compton scattered annihilation gammas between PET detectors reduce spatial resolution by making an incorrect Line of Response. This paper, by presenting a new method, tried to remove these errors from PET imaging. In this way, the detectors were insulated so that scattered gammas from a detector can not enter other detectors of the PET ring.

First of all, the Siemens PET BiographTM 6 scanner ring was simulated and then all detectors of this ring were isolated to resolve this error and investigate its impact on the Response Function of PET detectors.

The analysis of the results of simulation showed that, the isolation of PET detectors reduced counts of detectors in the energy window, especially at the lower threshold (350 to 400 keV). This reduction with a spherical soft issue was less than without that. So that the maximum of the relative percentage difference for counts of detectors between connect and disconnect them was 70% (in 400 keV) and 12% (in 350 keV) in the absence and presence of soft tissue, respectively.

Although the isolation of the detectors boosted the resolution of PET, it removed some true coincidences and reduced the sensitivity of PET; there for, it did not have much effect on image quality of PET. Also, a slight decrease in the count, with the soft tissue, shows the greater effect of the isolation of PET-detectors in improving image quality in abdominal imaging in comparison with other imaging such as head and neck imaging.

One of the methods of studying the physiology and metabolism of important tissues such as the heart, brain and cancer tumors is the use of PET/CT System. A small number of patients are pregnant women who undergo a PET/CT scan due to lack of knowledge about pregnancy or due to dire clinical need. The final dose received by the fetus is based on three factors: the absorbed dose of the fetal tissue due to radiopharmaceuticals absorption, the maternal tissue doses resulting from the absorption of radiopharmaceuticals in the mother's body, and the dose received from the CT scan. Overall, it is necessary to evaluate doses in order to minimize damage to the fetal nervous system. In this paper, using the pregnant woman's Body Builder Computed Phantom and the MCNPX computational code, the absorbed doses received from the CT component of Biograph 6(20-345mA, 80,110, 130 kV), used for attenuation correction of PET images, was calculated to be 4.5, 9.2, 13 (mGy/100mAs) for the first trimester, second trimester and third trimester of pregnancy, respectively, and according to ICRP recommendations No. 103, this range of doses should be considered for the fetus. Using the results of this study, feasibility of assessing doses to embryos in pregnant women in nuclear medicine centers is possible. The results also showed that using the Builder Body Phantom, it is possible to evaluate the fetal doses during pregnancy during CT imaging.

The quick development of human science in the field of biotechnology in three domains of herb, human and animal has changed the face of world in such an incredible way that it is sometimes difficult to imagine. Despite its advantages, the usage of these achievements put a lot of religious, moral and social challenges in front of us that are usually ignored. Breaking news of producing a recombinant animal named Genpet which is made from mixing the genes of pig, rabbit and chimp received different reactions. Regardless of factual achievement to this technology, the authors of this article try to study and investigate justifiability of this product in consequential ethics. Investing the different consequences of creating Genpets shows that in spite of having some advantages, the plenty of disadvantages of producing such recombinant animal for human being and this creature itself makes it an immoral activity.

An experimental work on replacing recycle pet bottles with sand in concrete in this paper. 5, 10, and 15% Pet equivalent with sand in concrete including 4 different mixes with constant water to cement ratio and totally 96 specimens was used and made; compressive strengths of cubic and cylinder specimens, tensile split strength of cylinder specimens, impact strengths plus flexural strengths of reinforced and plain concrete slabs were obtained. The results indicated that the workability of fresh concrete was decreased up to 50% by increasing the pet percentage up to 15% but the compressive and tensile strengths of hard concrete were decreased up to 18 and 21%. And also the flexural strengths and impact strength (initial and final cracks) were increased up to 13 and 19% due to increasing recycle pet percentage.

Disposal of Waste materials is a major challenge in each country and the use of plastics materials is increasing every day. A large part of the plastic wastes are bottles of drinks which are made of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The reuse of plastic wastes plays an important role in sustainable solid waste management. Plastic waste management helps to save natural resources that cannot be replenished, decreases pollution of the environment and also helps to save and recycle energy production processes. Now a days , PET has been widely used to produce fibers, particles, or lakes to obtain cement-based products with improved properties One transcendental alternative to recycling PET materials consists of using them as substitute of concrete aggregates. Due to demands of technological development in the construction area, the possibility for generating alternative materials that can be applied with increasing functionality, low costs, and better physical, chemical, and mechanical properties than conventional materials is being explored Fiber-reinforced concrete is a composite material resulting from the addition of reinforcing fibers to the brittle matrix of ordinary concrete. The idea of using fiber reinforcement comes from the need to find a remedy to the phenomena of cracking, such as produced by shrinkage, which inevitably affects the service life of concrete buildings. Concrete is a material that is well resistant to compression, but has low tensile strength. The low level of tensile strength is caused by phenomena such as plastic and/or hydraulic shrinkage with the formation of unwanted micro and macro cracks Fiber-reinforced concrete represents the current tendency to apply more eficient crack-resistant concrete. The ability to enhance flexural and tensile performance of the concrete matrix, together with the opportunity for improving its durability, pushed boundaries in developing new materials to be used as fibres. Several studies using reinforced concrete with polymer fibers like polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyethylene have evidenced variation of concrete properties according to the nature and size of the aggregate . The level of fibre performance depends strongly on the quality and amount of the employed fibres applied, on their shape and dimensions as well as on their bond to the concrete matrix . One way for recycling and efficient use of PET is adding to the concrete as fibers. Use of PET fibers in concrete will solve environmental problem of this waste material in addition to improvement of mechanical properties of concrete. Research on the use of PET fibres as dispersed reinforcement in concrete and mortars has been ongoing for about a decade with sporadic studies. In this research physical and mechanical behavior of concrete containing recycled PET fiber has been studies. For this purpose 10 concrete mixture, including 1control mixture and 9 pet fiber concrete mixtures were made. Fibers in volume percentage of 0.15%, 0.30% and 0.45% with the length of 1, 2 and 3 cm were used separately. Compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength tests were done on the samples. Fibers deformed with deforming machine to improve the adhesion of fiber with concrete. Compressive strength were performed ater 7 and 28 days. The results show that PET fibers increase. Compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete between 5-18% and 6%- 30% respectively. No significant efects on tensile strength were observed with the addition of fibers.

Doogh as an Iranian yoghurt drink with high valuable nutrition, has been considered much in recent years. But how supply and storage has created a lot of problems for producers and consumers. In This study, sampling from heat treated Doogh without gas produced in the factory and filled through both packaging of PET and Pripack. Samples were stored in different temperatures(5, 20, 33 oc)and then they were tested in determined times (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 week) In order to obtain the best Storage temperature and time. Beside so PET and Pripack containers has the most application in the packaging of Doogh product, the effect of them were studied on the Shelf-life of Doogh. The results showed that increasing temperature reduced Shelf-life of Doogh, the most and the lowest storage time were in the refrigerator temperature(5 oc) and 33 oc regularity. The Yeast was only microorganism which can grow on optimum condition, and it’s activity decreased pH, it got sour and produced off -flavor. Finally we found no significant differences from microbial, chemical and sensory attributes of Doogh in the both of PET and Pripack packaging (p>0.05).But it was significant in both air condition and 33 oc and the changes were more in the packaging of PET from Pripack(P<0.05).

Poly Ethylene Terephthalate is a kind of polymer which is used in manufacturing polyester fibers, bottle resin and engineering polyester in most of the countries around the world. Vast usage of this polymer in food packing industries and long-term decomposition of this kind of waste in nature encouraged many researchers around the world to find new ways to recycle and reuse them. In this article, with a more comprehensive approach than previous studies, effects of 5, 10 and 15 percent of PET particle usage instead of sand were investigated. For this purpose, cubic and cylindrical samples with different water to cement ratios were made and the physical properties were obtained with the corresponding tests. Moreover, the samples which were cured in a standard condition were used for mechanical properties testing and the factors were extracted. Results show that fresh concrete with PET particles has less workability. Mechanical properties tests show that the elasticity modulus decreases for these concrete samples. The compressive and flexural strength increases at first but they decrease after a while. Ultrasonic wave tests show that concrete samples with PET particles have porous structure.

Khajeh Gholam al-Hassenin Panipati (21st Ramadan 1356 A.H. / 25th November 1937) was born in Panipat, India. Until the tenth grade, he studied in MAO College in Aligar. Later on, he was teaching in public schools and Hali Guidance School in Panipat, as well as at various offices in Bombay. He was also the English, Arabic, and Persian languages teacher in a secondary school in Pantipat and an inspector of all other schools. After being retired, he took over the management of that secondary school. He established several offices. He was a prominent preacher. The autobiography of Gholam al-Hassenin was published in 1936. He traveled to Arab Iraq several times and once carried out the pilgrimage to the Hajj. On 28th January 1935, he arrived in Delhi from his hometown Panipat and traveled through Mumbai to Mecca and returned his homeland on 7th April 1935. During this trip, his brother, Gholam al-Sabettin and other prominent Indian figures accompanied him. His Hajj travelogue written in Urdu was published in 1353 A.H under the title of “Safar-name-ye Hajj” or “Sama’an-e ‘Akherat”. The present article investigates Gholam al-Hassenin Panipati’s Hajj travelogue.