In the second Pahlavi period, in order to keep the opposition away due to their activities, the ruling body reacted against their actions and behavior, and for this reason, the Third General Directarate of Savak used various means such as putting them under control, banning the pulpit, arresting and detaining and deporting the opposition. Parviz Sabeti, director general of the third department of SAVAK, which was one of the important departments of the country's intelligence and security organization during the second Pahlavi period, and its main task was to maintain and ensure internal security. He used exile as a method of punishment to deal with opponents. The purpose of the article is to describe and analyze the exile of opponents in the second Pahlavi period. The article seeks to answer the question of what was the purpose of exile in the second Pahlavi period. The findings of the research show that the control of exiles, distance from the center, different exile areas, group exile and economic pressures are indicators of exile in this period. This research uses the archival documents and library resources.

The main purpose of the current research is to compare the political development during the stability period of Pahlavi II with the period of political stability of the Islamic Republic. Political development is one of the most important concepts of the political literature of the last century in Iran. The author is looking for an answer to the question that the components of political development in the period of stability of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the period of stability of the Islamic Republic have commonalities and differences with each other. The method used in this article is an adaptation to the descriptive-analytical approach. The political development during the stability period of Pahlum II and the stability period of the Islamic Republic was analyzed and compared based on the four components of the institutionalization of the monopoly of political power, the institutionalization of the acquisition of political power, the institutionalization of the exercise of political power, and the institutionalization of the integration of political power.

The paper is a study on the transformation of discursive policies at first & second Pahlavi eras and the type of their effects on the dress and clothing of Iranian Women. In this paper, the apparent features and characteristics and semantic implications of dress are sociologically studied. The effect of social & cultural factors on the women dress and the difference of  discursive practices in the first and second Pahlavi eras are considered. The necessity of this kind of studies refers to the importance of identifying the implications of imperative and diffusive policies in cultural areas. The approach of the research is qualitative and descriptive-analytical & critical discourse analysis has been applied to analyze the dominant discourses in the first and second Pahlavi eras. This study aims to respond to this question: what was the result of two different approaches to unveiling women in the first Pahlavi (imperative) and second Pahlavi eras (diffusive)? The results show that despite the same discourse, different actions of Pahlavi discourse in two eras had different consequences and because of the concentration of discursive actions in the second Pahlavi on Social and cultural requirements of the day, they came closer to their goals than the first Pahlavi discourse actions. Following the hegemony of first & second Pahlavi discourses, kind of relative "homogenization" of women clothing came out in Iran which was the result of one of the actions of this discourse in the first era of Pahlavi dynasty.

In Iran, numerous researches have been conducted in the field of semantics and semiotics of the architecture of different periods, with different points of view, among which, the architecture of the second Pahlavi period is worthy of further and deeper research due to its fundamental intellectual and structural changes. In this research, relying on the theories of semiotics, while knowing more about the evolution of the architectural form in some significant works of the second Pahlavi period, an attempt will be made to identify and analyze the meanings and signs that can be interpreted in the architectural form of this period. In terms of content, this research is quantitative-qualitative, which has been done with a descriptive-analytical perspective, taking an analytical approach, with a semiotic approach and using the opinions and scientific opinions of specialists and experts in this field. The temporal domain of the research is the public buildings of the second Pahlavi period of Iran, which are selected in three separate periods after 1320 including the second Pahlavi period. The results of the research show that identifying the factors affecting the changes and developments that have occurred in the semiotic structure of contemporary architecture in Iran and explaining and investigating these causes and factors will greatly contribute to the identity of contemporary Iranian architecture. The distinguishing feature of the present research is to pay attention the semiotic nature of the works of the second Pahlavi period in combination with the quality assessment of the studies conducted in recent years.

"Influence" is one of the strategies of exercising power, which was applied in hard and semi-hard forms in the old ages and in the new age in a soft form by one country against another country or by a person or a group on another person or group. In this article, the researchers intend to investigate the American security influence during the Pahlavi period in line with the Jihad of explanation. The research question is based on the basis of what was the American security influence during the Pahlavi period? To achieve this goal, the research with a descriptive-analytical method based on a qualitative model with an explanatory approach of wise and structural-causal authority, first of all, the axes and examples of the American security influence in the Pahlavi period based on convincing documents and documents are considered and analyzed. The findings of the research indicate that America has focused on the authority of power in the country i.e. the king in order to influence the security field of this period due to the dictatorial government structure where most of the power is in the hands of the ruler and by influencing and dominating this; so the authority of power uses two intelligence and security institutions of the country (SAVAK and the army's counter-intelligence) for its goals and interests in Iran and the West Asia region.

The current research tries to get an analytical and critical understanding of the role of modernization and modernity in the process of institutional differentiation in the first and second Pahlavi royal system. The question was also raised that, as the society has benefited from a balanced, balanced and gradual development in the transition stage from traditional to modern, it has inevitably faced institutional change and differentiation, and on the contrary, if the society has not benefited from a balanced, synchronized and gradual development process and Or one of the institutions is more powerful and has taken over the other social institutions and has faced a functional disorder and weak institutional differentiation. During the first and second Pahlavi periods, the authority and hegemony was with the institution of power, and other social institutions were under its control, and because the institution of power was dysfunctional, it prevented the healthy functioning of other institutions, and as a result, social institutions were highly dysfunctional and even During the second Pahlavi period, maximalist politics led to the authoritarianism of the regime and led to authoritarian differentiation, and the occurrence of the Islamic revolution was also somewhat affected by this institutional dysfunction of the second Pahlavi period. Considering the phenomenon of modernity, modernization and development as historical facts that are rooted in the long-term social transformations of the Iranian society has pushed the current research method to the comparative-historical and documentary method.

Romantic Movement is one of the most important movements of the early 19th century in European art and architecture. It had a definite impact on the formation of the architecture of the 19th century and the architecture of the modern era in Europe. This movement came to Iran by intellectuals، western (such as Godard) and Iranian architecture، who had studied in European universities، in late Qajar and early Pahlavi era. The observation of some of the contemporary architectural works in Iran،which have evidently been under the influence of some of the stylistic tendencies of this movement، shows the entry of this western artistic movement into theIranian contemporary architecture in Pahlavi period. But there are a few researches about the start and influences of this movement and its impacts on Iranian contemporary architecture. Generally in these few studies، two deficiencies are quite sensible. First، none of them could explain that based on what evidences the style of a building is romantic? And also howdo we could predicate the Romanticism to the style of a building? And Second Most of these researches have studied the buildings which were made on first Pahlavi period whereas there are also manyexamples of this style onsecond Pahlavi era which have not been much discussion about them. Therefore this research first tries to answer this question that why we tell Romantic to the style of a building? And then tries to come close to a new stylistics of this western architectural movement in Iranian contemporary architecture with the help of comparative analysis of the Romantic architectural tendencies and it is social contexts in the west and a logical comparison of them in Iran. Also in the pursuit of this objective، this research will probe the possibility of classification of different branch of this style in the Iranian contemporary architecture with emphasizing to second Pahlavi era. In order to gain the objectives of this research، we will at first study and critique the opinions of the critics in recognition of the style and stylistic specifications of Romanticism inthe backdrop of its formation and then we will classify different branch of this movement in the Iranian contemporary architecture by reviewing the examples of architecture influenced by this movement in Iran. At the end، this research will show that Iranian Romanticism is not exactly such as European Romanticism. It is only similar to that movement in some important contents. It also will show that there are three important sub-category of Romantic Movement in the architecture of the second Pahlaviera in Iranian contemporary architecture. These three sub-categories are respectively: vernacular architecture، traditionalism and historicism. Although these three sub- categories have a little difference in the stylistic analyses but they can be considered parts of the Romantic vast movement because all of them with taking advantages of the properties and values ​​of Iranian vernacular and local architecture have resisted against the spread and absolute acceptance of modern architecture in Iranian contemporary architecture.

With the collapse of the Qajar Dynasty, the intellectuals who couldn’t reach their aims and ideals which had come up by the Constitutional Revolution did whatever they could to empower Rezakhan to become the king of Iran because they believed that the aims of the Constitutional Revolution would only be achieved by the support of a powerful government. So, in the first Pahlavi era, Rezashah’s general politics used to reach his and some of the intellectuals’ aims, led to some stream of thoughts widespread in the country, especially among the Iranian people. Under the influence of these developments, Miniature, which had long been in decline, experienced a revival, leading to a surge in miniaturists working to rejuvenate this traditional art form. However, during the first Pahlavi era, these miniature artists frequently replicated the artistic works of earlier miniaturists, particularly those of Reza Abbasi. Since the Second Pahlavi period, they could have their style of painting. These changes in the artists’ attitude in creating their works of art happened under the influence of some cultural evolutions that took place during the first and second Pahlavi eras, leading to some fundamental changes, as in artistic teaching methods. Sanaye-Ghadimeh school was established by Hossein Taherzadeh Behzad in 1309, as a consequence of that. This school aimed at rejuvenating and reviving Miniature art, led to the emergence of a new style of miniature painting under the guidance of Hadi Tajvidi. He trained many miniaturists, such as Ali Karimi, Hossein Behzad, and Ali Moti who became the most famous contemporary miniatures in the second Pahlavi period. Now the question is, which cultural factors provided the ground for the miniatures to find their style of painting? This article examines the factors that contributed to the continuity and development of the first Pahlavi era’s miniaturists’ works in the Second Pahlavi period, with a focus on understanding the cultural atmosphere of both eras. So, this research gives some information about the institutes founded during these periods, especially during the second one, which led to the formation of these cultural and artistic evolutions. Besides, this article studies the expositions held during the Second Pahlavi era in foreign countries, which played a crucial role in the miniaturists’ artistic lives to help them find their way and develop their style of painting.

This study with the title of “analysis of cultural barriers for political development of Iran: Second Pahlavi era” aims to respond to this important question that what are the most significant cultural barriers of Second Pahlavi era that impede Iran’s society in pursuit of reaching political development? Hence in order to gather relevant data and analyze historical evidences, historical and Analytical study methods were undertaken, by referring to actual and virtual libraries accompanied with scrutinizing valid documents, books and other relevant references.
The findings of this study indicate that the governing dictatorship culture across the society and kingdom structure, absence of scientific and logical mentality, lack of questioning and criticizing attitude in society, weakness of civil society, strong presence of superstitious and traditional believes in context of society, dearth of affability and tolerance culture, lack of an original national liberal intellectual movement and authoritarianism management of Mohammad Reza Shah over various organizations and repressing civil society, political parties and critic sociological constitutions dependent to middle age traditional and contemporary class, closing critical journals and imposing heavy censorship on journals and other mass media beside suppressing dynamic intellectual movements, inhibit Iran’s society in reaching political development during Second Pahlavi era.

One of the most important issues and challenges facing developing societies is the physical identity of buildings and urban appearance. Cities are affected by modernity under the influence of modernity, and the concept of urban identity in the process of cognition and perception, presents us with a multidimensional and complex phenomenon. The physical identity of cities has become an influential category in city life. This dissertation follows the hypothesis that the physical identity shaping the contemporary architecture of Tehran comes out of the heart of the subject of the project and the physical identity is the result of the current conditions of society. What are the generals of Tehran? To analyze and examine the physical identity of public buildings in the city, the second Pahlavi period was selected. The research method in this research is qualitative survey and research is applied. In the second Pahlavi period, a point obtained from library analysis in public buildings of the second Pahlavi period was examined.