Happiness is a person's judgment and evaluation of satisfaction with their quality of life. Studies have shown that there are spatial differences in the Happiness of people between places and regions. Therefore, this study has investigated the state of Happiness and its spatial dependence in rural areas of Torbat-e Heydarieh. The present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied purpose and method.Data collection tools were questionnaires and interviews from selected samples consisting of 380 households from the statistical population of rural households in Torbat-e Heydarieh (N = 23105) using Cochran's formula and quota sampling method. Descriptive statistics, Fordyce Happiness Questionnaire, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data and GIS was used to analyze the vigor status of the studied villages in Torbat-e Heydariyeh. The test results and comparison of the means of Happiness obtained from the Fordyce questionnaire indicate that the Happiness of the villages was classified into three categories: low (average scores 320-355), medium (356-365) and high (366-385). The results of multiple regression also showed that out of 18 independent variables related to Happiness, 4 variables were income with a correlation coefficient of (0.399), social capital (0.383), the distance of 5 km from the nearest city (0.599) and distance of 10 to 15 km. It had the highest correlation with the city with a coefficient of (0.452) with the Happiness of rural households. Also, the study of the Happiness map of the studied villages confirms the spatial dependence of Happiness due to the cluster Happiness of the villages.

Liveliness and vitality have been considered one of the indicators of rural development since 2000 by international organizations, especially the United Nations, to determine the level of rural development and the development of countries. Most development-related organizations have referred to vitality as one of the important indicators of rural development. However, one of the most important issues in studying vitality in rural areas is identifying the factors affecting it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the liveliness of rural households. The present study employs a descriptive-analytical method and is applied in terms of purpose. The data collection tools were questionnaires and interviews with a sample selected from 170 households in Fuman County (N = 18675). Descriptive statistics, unlimited heuristic coefficient rank test, and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results of measuring rural households’ liveliness using the Fordyce Emotions Questionnaire showed that households' liveliness was at a desirable level. The results of the indices affecting vitality showed that out of 30 indices, 18 indices had the most effect on households’ happiness. In addition, the results of structural equation modeling suggested that the second-order standard model of households' liveliness and path coefficients are influenced by institutional-managerial, physical, economic, personal-psychological, social, environmental, geographical, and occupational factors, respectively. The p-values of all of the lambda parameters in the above model indicate that all relationships are confirmed.

The word of happiness is not used to refer to a particular aspect of life, but to the whole person's life.It means that one can express one's own perceptions of the dimensions and events of his life for expressing hisvitality. In the definition of happiness, the meaning of a pleasant, worthwhile and loving life is on the person'sown. The main question in the present article is: What does income affect the mediation of life satisfaction onsocial happiness? This research is based on the positivist approach and is an explanatory type and has beenused for scrolling. The measurement of the social happiness variable has been operational based on theLindenberg index. After assessing validity and reliability, a combination of multistage cluster sampling andmulti-stage cluster sampling was performed on 790 households in five areas of Tehran in 2021 by estimatingsample size using the Cochran formula. The findings of this article show that in spite of the relationship betweenincome and social happiness and life satisfaction control, income with social happiness is not significantlycorrelated. Also, in the review of the research model by the Bootstrap method in SmartPls software, the resultsshow that the effect of variable income on social happiness is directly insignificant and the income variable hasthe most impact through the life satisfaction variable on social happiness and also the amount The impact of lifesatisfaction on social happiness also has a strong impact.

Freshness and vitality are part of the realm of community development and the end result of development. All human beings have a desire for freshness, societies that choose sustainability and vitality as the ultimate goals of development, can improve the living standards of their current inhabitants without harming the next generation and attracting and preserving them. The development of communities with the aim of providing opportunities for vitality and vitality for residents can be the key to future social sustainability. People choose their attitudes, preferences, views and environment based on their perception of their environment; Accordingly, different mentalities, according to their perception, consider freshness as the result of different factors. Therefore, one of the important cases of rural development planning on the one hand is to study the effective factors and measure the vitality and vitality of rural residents and on the other hand, to express and analyze the spatial differences of vitality and factors affecting the vitality of rural residents in different areas. Therefore, considering that each place has unique characteristics that are important in the process of planning and development of rural areas, it seems necessary to recognize the differences in place that are of great theoretical and practical importance.

The present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose, method and method. Theoretical studies using library method, field data were also collected through a Likert scale questionnaire and interviews with rural households. The statistical population is rural households of two cities of Torbat-e Heydarieh in Khorasan Razavi province and Fooman in Gilan province (N = 41780). Statistical methods (descriptive and inferential) were used to answer the questions and analyze the data. To do this, each of the freshness factors in different rural areas of the two cities were compared. This comparison and calculation of the difference between the groups was done by post hoc tests. Geographic information system (GIS) was also used for spatial analysis of rural areas.

The difference between rural areas of Torbat-e-Heydariyeh and Fooman was investigated using post hoc tests. The results showed; In terms of economic factor affecting freshness, there is a significant difference in rural areas of both cities. There is also a difference between the rural areas of both cities in terms of social factor, enjoyment and environment. In terms of institutional-managerial factor, there is less difference in the rural areas of Fooman city and the residents of rural areas of Fooman city are satisfied with the institutional-managerial indicators, especially the performance of the villagers and Islamic councils of their village; But in the rural areas of Torbat-e Heydariyeh, they were less satisfied with the performance of institutions and the management of their villages. In terms of personal-psychological factor, there was no significant difference in rural areas of both cities and the majority of residents were highly satisfied with this factor. In terms of physical factor, there is no difference in rural areas of Fooman city and all rural areas of this city were at a moderate level in terms of satisfaction with physical factor, but in Torbat-e Heydarieh, half of rural areas are moderate and half They had low satisfaction. Finally, the residents of rural areas of Torbat-e Heydariyeh are almost dissatisfied with the geographical factor affecting freshness, which is mostly due to the location of many villages in the plain region with semi-arid climate, which in recent years has also suffered from drought. And there has been a sharp decline in rainfall, and the irregularity of rainfall has caused great damage to agriculture and, as a result, their economic situation and income. In Fooman city, in terms of the geographical factor influencing the freshness, Rudpish village is on the first floor, Gasht and Lulman villages are on the second floor and Alian, Sardarjangal and Gorabops villages are on the third floor. The settlement of Fooman city, which has resulted in a beautiful and attractive natural environment, has brought satisfaction to the rural residents.

Rejuvenation in rural areas is a goal whose importance is widely recognized by scientists around the world. Freshness takes on a meaning in the moment and changes its meaning from time to time and from place to place. The results of the study of the differences in the effective factors in the region showed that: Factors affecting vitality based on individual perceptions of the environment varies from place to place. Villages including six villages of Raqicheh, Balavlayt, Kadkan, Pa'in Velayat, Pa'inrukh, Balarakh and Baig in Torbat-e Heydariyeh and three villages of Gorab Pas, Lulman and Rudpish in Fooman have not affected this factor in their freshness. They are not satisfied with their economy. In terms of social factors, only two villages in the upper provinces in Torbat-e Heydarieh and Sardar Jangal in Fooman have felt higher satisfaction with this factor. In terms of institutional-managerial factor, half of Torbat-e Heydariyeh rural districts have considered the effect of this factor on their vitality to be moderate, but in four rural districts of Fooman, this factor is considered to be quite effective on their vitality. In terms of enjoyment factor, it had a moderate effect in all studied villages. Two personal factors - psychological and physical - in all rural areas of Fooman city and six rural areas of Torbat-e Heydarieh had the highest effect on their vitality. The environmental factor had a low impact in Torbat-e Heydariyeh rural areas and its effectiveness was moderate in Fooman rural areas. Also, in terms of geographical factor, Torbat-e Heydariyeh rural districts were less satisfied, but in three of the six rural districts of Fooman city, it had a high effect. This study showed that among different factors affecting vitality, objective factors had the greatest difference in affecting vitality in different places and mental factors such as personal-psychological factor in different places in terms of affecting vitality were almost the same.

As Social happiness always accompany with optimism, hope and trust can have catalyst role in accelerating the process of development of a society. The main question is that, according to the importance of social capital in development, can it be used as a factor influencing social happiness? And how impact on social happiness in the presence of social support happiness and religion?
Enjoying a positivistic approach, this study is in fact a descriptive-causal survey. To measure the variables, we used (SC-IQ), Lindenberg Indices. After considering validity and reliability of the study, the questionnaires were applied to 810 households in five districts of Tehran in 2013 CE which were selected based on stratified sampling and cluster multistage sample design and utilizing Cochran formula to evaluate the sample volume.
The results of our study indicate that religion causes an increase in social support. Religion and social support, as two variables in this study, affect social capital; and finally, social capital causes an increase in social happiness.

The aim of this study was the assessment of mediating role of the meaning of life (including two subscales: Presence of Meaning and Search for Meaning) between family cohesion and family flexibility and academic buoyancy. For this purpose, selected 404 students (154 male and 250 female) from Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman by multi-stage cluster sampling randomly. In order to assess the variables was used from family cohesion questionnaires (Samani, 1381), family flexibility (Shakeri, 1382), the Meaning of Life (Steger and et al, 2006) and academic buoyancy (Hossein Chari and Dehghanizadeh, 1391). Data analysis was carried out by enter regression manners according to the recommended steps of Baron and Kenny (1986). Results showed that variable of family flexibility has a direct, positive and significant effect on academic buoyancy. Also, family flexibility through Presence of Meaning subscale has indirectly effects on academic buoyancy. Variable of family cohesion does not have a direct effect on the academic buoyancy, however this variable through presence of meaning subscale and search for meaning has positively and negatively effects on academic buoyancy respectively. The findings are discussed in the light of the relevant research literature and suggestions for further research is presented in this area.

One of the new concepts in today's topics of sustainable rural development is Happiness. Most development-related organizations have mentioned vitality as important indicators of sustainable rural development. The 20-year vision document of the Islamic Republic also emphasizes the need pay attention to provide grounds for the growth human the cultivation of healthy, However, most important ways to study freshness in rural areas is to identify the factors that affect it. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the factors and stimuli affecting the vitality of rural residents. The present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied purpose and method of doing it. Data collection tools were questionnaires and interviews from selected samples consisting of 210 households from the statistical population of rural households in Torbat-e Heydarieh (N = 23105) using personal estimation and quota sampling method. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results of measuring the vitality of rural households using the Fordis questionnaire with a score of 361 indicate that the vitality of households was at a desirable level. The results obtained from modeling structural equations showed that the second standard model of household vitality and vitality, respectively, the path coefficients affected by the economic factor with a path coefficient of 0.41 has the highest factor load. Then, respectively, the institutional-managerial factor with a coefficient of 0.37, the social factor with a coefficient of 0.28, the personal-psychological factor with a coefficient of 0.28, the physical factor with a coefficient of 0.27, the environmental factor with a coefficient of 0.21, the enjoyment factor With the path coefficient of 0.18 and finally the geographical factor with the coefficient of 0.14 are in the next ranks. The p value of all Lameda parameters in the above model indicates the confirmation of all relationships.

Reliance is a basis for human freshness, life and mobility. Freshness of human body is based upon the freshness of heart, and the latter upon reliance. The question of paper is: to what extent reliance affect ethical rules and virtues or is affected by them? In other words, what place is occupied by reliance in ethical norms and virtues? To find the reasonable answer, therefore, given the terminology of reliance and its kinds on the basis of Quranic verses and traditions in a descriptivo-analytic method, with regard to the scale of real reliance and its place in social and individual ethical virtues, the Quranic picture of it has been analyzed. Again, to support man for keeping reliance, the obstacles in the way have been referred to. As is understood, in monotheistic view of the world, reliance is known as a supporter for human ethical growth toward Divine Caliphate. Therefore, regarding moralities importantly would lead to strengthening the foundation of reliance in human, to its continuation and stability against damages.