In order for the proceedings to be fair, the rules derived from the legal principles of civil proceedings must be observed by the litigants and the authority. One of these principles is the principle of equality of arms. This legal principle requires that the procedural rights of the parties be granted to them in a balanced manner, and in case of victory of one of the parties, who unfairly had more effective procedural weapons, the victory won't deserve to be confirmed and implemented; Because the duty of the government is justice, and justice cannot be achieved without granting balanced procedural rights to the litigants. This principle is discussed in legal writings, mostly in criminal proceedings, and in civil proceedings, these questions are also raised: in which documents and judicial procedures of foreign legal systems is this principle reflected and what are its results? What are the effects of the principle of equality of arms in Iran's civil procedure law? And what cases violate this principle? The findings of this research, which was carried out in a descriptive and analytical way, are: This principle originates from the principle of fair trial in the European Convention on Human Rights and is reflected in the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights and is included in the French Criminal Procedure Code. The manifestations of this principle in Iran's Civil Procedure Law can be seen from: balancing the procedural rights of the parties, in having the reasonable opportunity to prepare the defense; The duty of the court to prevent the abuse of procedural rights by the parties; Right of the parties to be informed of the proceedings; Right to have an effective legal representative and Right to be heard. This right is violated by limiting one of the parties' access to documents, abusing one of the parties' financial superiority or legal knowledge, and prohibiting search.

During the history of Iran, especially the Sassanid period, a number of religious, political and social elites who intended to reform the structure of society became the victims of the socially disadvantaged background of the same situation in which they were determined to reform. Among these elites Mani can be mentioned. What characteristics of Mani is among the elites and why and how to support and excuse him by the Sassanian kings or in other words, the analysis of the connection and separation between them within the framework of Vilfredo Pareto's elite theory is the goal this research is based on. The research method is descriptive- analytic. This research shows based on the cultural, religious and political complexity of his time, Mani established a ritual that was partly ecstasy with other religions. This ritual initially was paid attention by Shapur I who sought to rule Iran and Aniran, because it included the religions of all the Imperial kingdoms and brought about unity in the realm of the Imperial kingdom. Later, Bahram I the elders and courtiers did not only stand Mani because of the fear of becoming the successor of the king, but because of envy of his knowledge, ability, hallmark and popularity murdered him and prosecuted his followers.

Mourning rituals of Muharram are as a central part of Shia culture. These rituals beside of their religious function, have many social and cultural function. Ritual system can be considered as symbolic system that provide a context for communicative action.In this paper the ritual system of Muharram studies as communicative and interactive system among actors. This issue analyzed through symbolic anthropology and Turner`s theory on ritual. Mourning rituals of Muharram and their ritual symbols as a meaningful complex, have a key role in production and exchange of meanings in social life of Shias. What happens through these rituals is a kind of social construct of Shia community and representing and legitimating of social and cultural changes. By these communicative interactions, shia identity is constructed. This ritual process is a historical and contextual process.

The purpose of this study is to understand the lived experience of urban poor of the causes affecting poverty. The research method was grounded theory and the study population included the heads of urban poor households living in districts 17, 18 and 19 of Tehran Municipality. Sampling was initially purposeful and continued until the stage of theoretical saturation. As a result, the nuclear category emerged as social exclusion from the labor market. Findings based on the paradigm model of the research were divided into five axes (causal conditions, intervening conditions and contextual conditions, strategies and consequences). In this article, the causal conditions of exclusion from the labor market are discussed. According to the participants, causal conditions include four main categories: economic capital weakness, human capital weakness, unfavorable economic conditions and unfavorable employment conditions. According to the findings, many urban poor living in the study areas had a history of rural poverty, the most obvious aspect of which is the weakness of economic and human capital. Also, their employment conditions in the city are very much affected by unfavorable economic conditions (such as: economic sanctions, outbreak of coronary heart disease, mechanization of production and provision of services and the presence of foreign nationals) and unfavorable employment conditions to the extent that these conditions have led to the perpetuation of inter generational poverty.

The purpose of this study is to understand how and why of the exclusion of poor rural immigrants to Tehran in the labor market. In this research, the basic theory method is used, which is a qualitative method. The study population is the heads of urban poor households living in districts 17, 18 and 19 of Tehran, which was selected by purposive sampling and continued until theoretical saturation. After the coding process, the research findings based on the paradigm model of the research are divided into five axes: causal conditions, intervening conditions, context, strategies and consequences, and the nuclear category was obtained as social exclusion from the formal labor market. In this article, the causal conditions are discussed. According to the participants, these conditions include four main categories (weakness of economic capital, weakness of human capital, unfavorable economic conditions and unfavorable working environment conditions). The research findings show that many poor people living in the study areas, who had a rural origin, have experienced all kinds of exclusion in the formal labor market after migrating to Tehran. Meanwhile, unfavorable economic conditions such as economic sanctions, the spread of Coronavirus, mechanization of production and provision of services and the presence of foreign nationals have affected the vulnerability and exclusion of people from the formal labor market. Also, unfavorable working conditions such as low income and lack of social support and physical and psychological harm and exploitation have led to their exclusion from the labor market.

Urban regeneration seeks to uncover and recrystallize the essence of the functional and physical genesis of the city. By exploring, listing, stabilizing, reviving, and updating events based on culture and ritual backgrounds, event-led regeneration establishes an inclusive approach that leads to the continuance of celestial life and the improvement of physical quality. The historical process of Shiraz’s spatial structure development has always been based on ritual-religious territoriality, in which the physical substrate as an independent variable has hosted a dependent variable of various events of eclectic natures. Recognizing the spatial structure and ritual structure of the city, together with the review of the background of the ritual that will be accompanied by a list of complementary cultural events in today’s conditions, aims to regenerate the ritual structure of the city and repair the physical-spatial ruptures through the continuity and consolidation of the historical-content richness. Formulating and presenting solutions related to this process are the goals of this research. The conceptual framework of the research was compiled through an overview of previous studies. The public realm’s historical role and the continuum of ritual places in the event-led main structure of the city were reviewed. Then, by applying the SOAR strategic model and the ANSOFF matrix, a list of eventfulness strategies based on the historical-cultural context was formulated. Analyzing and evaluating the dual conditions of context and content, including a retrospect on the interconnected structure of historical Shiraz and the ritual-religious events flowing through the structure, resulted in a set of strategies that subsequently led to the proposition of relevant policies to achieve the event-led regeneration objectives.

Vehicle detection and tracking plays an important role in self-driving cars and smart transportation systems. Adverse weather conditions, such as the heavy snow, fog, rain, dust, create dangerous limitations by reducing camera visibility and affect the performance of detection algorithms used in traffic management systems and autonomous cars. In this article, Faster RCNN deep object recognition network with ResNet50 core and RetinaNet network is used and the accuracy of these two networks for vehicle recognition in adverse weather is investigated. The used dataset is the DAWN file, which contains real-world images collected with different types of adverse weather conditions. The obtained results show that the presented method has increased the detection accuracy from 0.2% to 75% in the best case, and the highest increase in accuracy is related to rainy conditions.

Pilots need special and targeted training in the conditions of windy flight, flying with a hnstruments, flying in different weather conditions and adverse weather conditions, emergency flight, etc. Some of these trainings are done in real helicopter flight conditions and some others are done in simulators. It is done very specially so that the students after graduation can handle any unwanted conditions in the real flight. The purpose of this research is to explain the effect of using the helicopter fixed base simulator 205 on the training of pilot students from 1394 to 1399, and the researcher has answered the question, to what extent the use of the helicopter fixed base simulator 205 from 1394 to 1399 affects the training of students. Has the pilot had an effect? The type of applied research, its method is descriptive and the research approach is mixed. Information data has been collected by field and library methods and with interview and questionnaire tools and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results obtained from the mixed analysis indicate that the use of the 205 helicopter fixed base simulator in the training of pilot students in wind and machine flight had a great effect and had little effect in flying in adverse weather conditions.

The relations between Iran and India have been ups and downs during history. In the periods of history that took place in Iran or India, the relations between Iran and India became wider, and each of these two areas of civilization was affected by developments in the important events of each other. With the arrival of Islam in Iran during the first Islamic centuries, Iran experienced a great deal of change. These changes gradually became influential in Iran-India relations during this period. Considering that an important part of the communication path between Iran and India's civilizations passed through Makkoran past history, by studying the ways of Makkoran in the first Islamic centuries and the role of these ways in the relations between Iran and India, The quality of Iran-India relations will become clearer in this period.  The roads of the water and land have played a very important role in the political, military, economic, commercial, religious, scientific and cultural traditions of civilizations throughout history. The two civilizations of Iran and India in the neighborhood have been linked to each other since ancient times, and a significant portion of the communication paths of these two civilizations passed through the Makkoran land. In the past, Makkoran included as a geographical, political and administrative unit a vast area of ​​droughts and shores of southeastern Iran. Although the vast territory of Makkoran had desperate and deserts, the roads of this state flourished in the early Islamic centuries, with numerous regional and transregional applications Had Creation and development of roads of Makkoran in the first Islamic centuries, despite the almost unfavorable climate of Makkoran in those days, is questionable and feasible. Hence, the most important question written in relation to the geographical location of the Makkoran in the first Islamic centuries is what was the role of Makkoran in the various relations between Iran and India at that time? The purpose of this article is to explain the role of the Makkoran roads in various aspects of Iran-India relations regarding political, military, commercial, religious and cultural issues in the first Islamic centuries. Investigating the regional and trans-regional role of the geographical location and the ways of Makkoran in history, it explains the historical experiences of Iranians in this field. Since the development of international southeast Iran is currently under way along the coast of Makkoran, the historical experiences of Iranians in this field can be used.

The data from this research were collected from library resources including: Historical resources and especially geographic resources of the Islamic first centuries. Then, the collected data and information have been analyzed in a historical way. In addition, the writer closely observes the regions of Makkoran and is surrounded by natural, climatic, communicative, and other characteristics of this land, the Makkoran communication paths in the resources of the first Islamic centuries have been thoroughly investigated in comparison with the characteristics of this region.
 

Several factors have contributed to the importance of the Makkoran seaways and the Makkoran roads. One of these factors is the presence of widespread beaches with proper natural features, according to the conditions of that period. The location of the historic Tis harbor on the coasts of Makkoran as the natural boundary of the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean (Ibn Rasta, 2001: 99) was one of the most important points in the geographical position of Makkoran at that time. The second factor that contributed to the development of Makkoran's paths was that the Makkoran were between the two civilizations of Iran and India, and the path of communication between these two civilizations passed through this land (Shafar, 1998: 137). The roads of Makkoran in the early Islamic centuries flourished both in the sea and in the lands.  The political and military function of Makkoran's paths in the relationship between Iran and India was in the first place. The most important political and military role of the trans-regional Makkoran routes in the period mentioned was that Makkoran was the base for Muslim Arabs to invade India (Forouzani, 2012: 181). Another use of the Makkoran roads in the relations between Iran and India was the economic and commercial role of these paths. In terms of international trade, the Makkoran Roads were interconnected between Iran and India, and it seems that part of the road to the spice road crossed the land. The naval roads also linked Persian Gulf ports with Indian ports and even China (Sirafi, 2002: 13). Bosworth believes that in order to supply the raw materials of Neyshabur's textiles, which at that time was one of the most important industries of the Islamic world, Indian cotton was transmitted through the southern tropics of Iran and Makkoran to Neyshabur (Bosworth, 1983: 152). Although the way of identifying, constructing and maintaining roads from the earliest times was more of a political, military and economic purpose, along with roads in areas Other issues including cultural, religious, scientific, etc. were also used. After the Muslim Arab conquests in Sind spread and gradually the people moved there and Islamic settlements settled there, the people of this country also visited Hajj and studied the religion from the paths of Makkoran to Hejaz and Religious and scientific centers of the Islamic world were traveling (Kofi, 2005: 89). Another application of Makkoran's roads in the first Islamic centuries was the migration of some Zoroastrians from Iran to India. In the course of Islamic Islamism in the early Islamic centuries, some of the true Zoroastrian believers who refused to convert to Islam, migrated to other places in Iran or India (Balazori, 1988: 378).

The roads of Makkoran in the early Islamic centuries are modestly near the roads that connect the cities of Makkoran to each other and its periphery. In each historical period, with regard to how Makkoran's administration, the relationship between the Makkoran rulers and the central states of Iran, and the relations between Iran and India, the Makoran's ways, in addition to domestic applications, play a regional and international role. In the first centuries of Islam, the political, military, religious, and economic relations of the caliphate centers with the Sindh area led to the prosperity of Makkoran's landed paths. Also, the extensive trade links between the Persian Gulf ports, such as Basra and Sriraf, with the ports of India and China and the Red Sea countries, added the importance of the Makkoran coast, and the Makkoran's maritime routes at that time were very important in the economic and commercial spheres. The history of Makkoran has shown that as long as the human and natural barriers of Makkoran roads are minimized by special measures, the Makkoran roads are the best route for many relations between Iran and India, and even other coastal states of the Persian Gulf, the Oman Sea and the Indian Ocean. It was In the first centuries of Islam, the security and logistical arrangements in the field of sea and land were used and the ways of Makkoran Played a role in various dimensions of military, political, economic, commercial, religious, cultural, etc. in relations between Iran and India.

Resilience is defined as the system ability both to keep an acceptable performance level against a severe disturbance and to return to a stable condition in a suitable time. Occurrence of inconvenient weather conditions and natural disasters, which are growing in numbers and severity during the last years, has always led to damages and wide outage throughout the distribution network. Therefore, the assessment of distribution network resilience and its return ability against severe weather condition and the reduction of the vulnerability of distribution network against those events should take priority in the planning and operation of these networks. In this paper, the resilience concept and its characteristics are determined; afterwards, by modeling natural disasters such as flood and storm, a new index for resilience assessment of distribution networks in the presence of distributed generators is introduced. The proposed model has been applied to a real network and the effects of distributed generators on the resilience of distribution networks have been studied using the new introduced index.