To address the question of the nature of modern state in the contemporary Iran, the present paper seeks to investigate the issue of state in the contemporary Iran in terms of Foucauldian approach and the conceptual apparatus driven from it. In his late intellectual career, Michael Foucault introduced a new field into the researches on state in which fundamentally the rationalities underpinning / constituting the state are zeroed in on. The present paper hypothesizes that the drawing, organization and articulation of the modern state in Iran were being done by the governmentality of the pastorship prevailing over the tradition system and the rationalities remained out of the episteme belonged to Iranian previous universe, though it was built in the course of modernization process stimulated by Iranians` encounter with some western forms of governance. The present paper maintains that the tenacity of “the pastorship rationalities of the tradition system” and their being strengthened due to combining with some imperfect rationalities driven from modern era – that is, the rationalities oriented to consolidate the state such as “raison d'état” and “police” – lead to the generation of an “instrumental pastorship” equipped with modern technics and apparatus. Thus, it provided grounds for raising a particular political order which the present paper calls “neo-pastorship”. “Neo-pastorship”, thanks to the modern apparatuses, such as the army or the bureaucracy that was developed in the new age, came to more success in interference and carving power on the body of society.

ABSTRACT: From the perspective of synthesis, system design is comprised of conceptual, preliminary,and detailed design. Conceptual design is the first and most important phase of the system design that could influence the quality of the product. In general, conceptual design is iterative processes that tries to satisfy identified requirements. The outcome of the conceptual design phase is one or more concepts which does not necessarily accompany any detail. If the selected configuration could not satisfy the requirements, the designer should make changes in the decisions or may change the selected configuration completely. This activity makes the conceptual design process longer and increases the cost of the design process,as well. In addition, in the last decade, product design experienced fundamental changes in its concept from focusing on performance, function, and durability to sustainable design criteria such as being environmentally friendly, considering global warming, reducing energy consumption, and conducting end-of-product life cycle management such as reusing, recycling and remanufacturing. These conduct the designer to try to improve conceptual design process with the adoption of new methodologies. This article intends to use axiomatic design methodology for an innovative design, reduce repetition and satisfies most of the requirements in the conceptual design process.

Tehran municipality، at the lowest level، has been divided to many inner- city areas. If the municipality is going to provide desired services to citizens، this is necessary to designing the characteristics of organized inner-city areas. This research is designed to identify the characteristics of organized inner-city areas in Tehran city- based on the benchmarking mechanism. Required data was gathered by interview and data has been analysed by using Delphi Technique and Content Analysis. The results conveys that 1) To formulate the characteristics of organized inner-city area in city of Tehran، we can use the benchmarking mechanism; 2) To formulate the characteristics of organized inner-city area، the focus must be on both functions and on the work processes; 3) we must focus on within industry benchmarking- that is we must focus on municipalities by using the mechanism of “sister city”; Especially، sister city to large municipalities (such as New York، London، Tokyo، and…).

Lachak Toranj is one of the most used designs in Persian carpets. There are many different Lachak Toranj styles one of which is used to weave carpets in Joshaghan region located in Esfahan province. This style is in some ways similar to some carpets woven using the Lachak Toranj style of Saman region located in Chaharmahal-Va-Bakhtiari province. These similarities despite the long distance between the two regions is the reason behind this comparative study on the carpets woven in these two regions, therefore this article’s questions focus on the similarities and differences in these two styles of Lachak Toranj’s motif and design. The outcome of this study showed that despite the clear effect of Joshaghan’s carpet design on the Saman’s Lachak Toranj style and the similarities between the styles of these two regions, the reflection of weavers social and cultural features on the Lachak Toranj style of Saman created an independent identity for this region’s carpets. Some of the differences between these two styles are removal or replacement of some patterns in the design, different margins in Saman carpets, and diversity of Joshaghan’s carpet designs. This is a qualitative study using a descriptive-comparative approach on field data and library researches.

Presently, teaching history of Iranian and world architecture in universities is meant to introduce architectural products of the past. The contents and teaching methods employed do not make a clear relationship with the architectural practice of students. Although most of the courses in architectural schools are properly coordinated for teaching "architectural design", but there are two serious disadvantages: one, lack of attention to the "programming" phase, and the other, not taking advantage of architecture history to analyze valuable examples designed and built in the past. Both affect the future career of students. The present paper seeks to find: a suitable purpose and method for teaching architectural history; the benefits of studying Iranian and world architectural history; and ways to learn from past architecture for current students. This study employs logical reasoning with an analytic-interpretive approach. The hypothesis is that in architecture, "method of construction" is that which is linked with history, and "method of design" or "how space is organized" is that which goes beyond time. Despite all efforts to distance from architectural heritage, we can still learn valuable design lessons from the history of architecture. Analysis of spatial patterns and spatial organization models seen in architectural designs of the past can be used to instruct architectural design. The present study refers to an example of such patterns and then proposes a strategy for teaching architectural history to make it applicable for architecture design.

This research designs a model for Identifying and Analyzing of Strategy Implementation Barriers in Saman Bank. At first, the theoretical principals and concepts are reviewed and then measuring indicators of each index and dimension are derived by the literature review. Then the indices are confirmed by focus group and qualitative method. The statistical sample consists of 290 managers, deans and experts of staff and branches in saman bank of Tehran. Data is gathred through questionnaire which is confirmed by Chronbach's alpha coefficient and Content Validity and finally analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that 10 key factors are the most important barriers of strategy implementation, human resource, managerial and strategic factors are the most 3 important barriers and then structural, communicational, cultural, process, commercial intelligence and information system, time and project, and finance are the other factors, respctively.

The main purpose of this research is a survey on the accordance of the Iranian public library management system (SAMAN) capabilities with the librarians’ mental model.
This research is functional and the method of the survey is descriptive-analytical approach. Statistical study of this research is All 220 librarians working in public libraries in the province of Khorasan Razavi that use Saman software. Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size and finally 141 was determined as sample and finally 132 questionnaire were gathered. The data collection tool is questionnaire. In order to access the reliability of the data collection tool, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and reliability was confirmed.
Findings: The findings showed that the accordance of Saman software capabilities with the librarian's mental model is 3/934. In this part, the lowest average (3/8) is related to display capabilities of information. The highest average (4.423) is related to circulation.
Results indicated that Saman software capabilities doesn’t have any significant difference with librarians’ mental model according to any of these four characteristics: sex, level of education, field of study, and work experience.

In today's societies, the increasing growth of urbanization and increasing population of cities as an inevitable principle, especially in the cities of developing countries, have caused major changes in the structure of cities. Cities and urban spaces have become overwhelmed in structure by the passage of time, Changing conditions, different climates and different events as like many human artifacts. Historical and ancient textures that usually form the primary and main core of the country's cities, on one hand, they are part of the cultural and historical heritage of those cities and therefore their preservation and organization are inevitable. Urban tissues suffer from physical and functional deterioration due to lack of attention, proper maintenance and care. Identifying the physical and functional status of such tissues with the aim of managing and planning for their maintenance are among the first and important steps that must be taken. The historical context of the city of Urmia is one of those which it has been explored in the context of local community-based asset policies. Asset based development of local communities is based on identifying, enhancing and utilizing existing capacities and assets. In other words, asset base development serves both as a tool in urban planning and management and as a way to equip the local community to achieve sustainability.