Black humor, has mocking look to illness form, terrible and horrible situations and is often with presentiment, pain, fear, sadness and absurdity associated.
The prevalence's of this type of humor in the West, were political and social situation, Hegel's philosophical views and black novels.
The term black humor (from the French humor noir) was coined by the surrealist theoretician, André Breton in 1935 to describe the concept of Hegel's «objectify subjectivity» and he introduced Jonathan Swift as pioneer of this type in anthology of black humor.
According to the ideas of the Surrealists, about black humor, the important features of it in fiction literature include: conflict, exaggerated, metamorphosis and transformation, deviation of issue (subject), description and gothic atmosphere.
These characteristics, seems in stories of pioneer writers; Sadegh Hedayat, Gholam Hossein Saeedi and Bahram Sadeghy.
This article whit descriptive-analytical method defines black humor and studies it's prevalences and features in West and Iran fiction literature comparatively.

Black humor is a form of comedy that seeks to show suffering and boredom, anonymity and emptiness, worriment and death anxiety, and fear and loneliness of contemporary man through satire. Bahram Sadeghi is one of the novelists who carefully and delicately used the ability and capacity of black humor and has used this literary device in his short stories, which were mainly written between 1965 and 1962 and published in the collection of stories "Sangar va Ghoghomehaye Khali (its translation in English:Trench and EmptyThermoses)". The main question of the research is what are the stylistic features of black humor in Bahram Sadeghi's short stories and what methods has the author used to include black humor in the stories and what goals has he pursued? In response, it should be said that Sadeghi has highlighted black humor in his stories by using contradiction, miniaturization, magnification, Gothic atmosphere and deviation from the subject. He has sought to indirectly reflect the issues of his time, to reveal the reality of life by criticizing obsessive disorders, political conflicts and cultural petrifications and to represent his perception of life experience.

Black satire is a feature of surrealist works and is about situations and subjects that are often more serious, frightening, and sad than can be laughed at. This type of humor is often accompanied by death, hatred, suffering, fear, sorrow, and emptiness, with a sarcastic look at morbid, horrific, and horrific situations. This article, with a descriptive-analytical method, intends to show some of their features in Persian literature by mentioning examples from the book "One Thousand and One Nights" after defining black humor and its features. According to the results of this study, the most characteristic features of black humor in this book are features such as: contradiction and contradiction, exaggeration and exaggeration, surrealist descriptions, metamorphosis and animals, tragedy-comedy, etc., which can be seen in prose more than poetry. . Burton describes black humor as a dignified laugh and a mask of despair, but in the black satire of "Thousand and One Nights", blind hatred and destiny have no absolute dominance over man and love and faith.

Black Humor is one of the most important literary genres in poetry collections of "Al-Badawi Al-Ahmar" by Muhammad Al-Maghout, which has played the most important role in the fame of this work. Black connotes a laughter mixed with pain that comes from a rebellious person to deal with heterogeneous political and social situations. The main content of black humor is biting and mocking criticism about serious, sad and scary issues. "Al-Badawi Al-Ahmar", written into the free verse, is a valuable work in terms of the use of black humor.The source of Al-Maghut's black humor is his social thought, which is rooted in bitter truths such as poverty, imprisonment, displacement, lack of freedom, and the incompetence of the rulers.  In so doing, humors of Al-Maghout is full of biting descriptions that initially make the audience laugh, but at the same time, it brings deep sadness to the heart. The purpose of this study is to investigate the kinds of tricks used by Al-Maghout in black humor of "Al-Badawi Al-Ahmar”. To answer this main research question, the researcher employed content analysis method.  The present study suggests that Al-Maghut used the techniques of symmetry, Irony, surprise, magnification, miniaturization, paradox, personification, metonymy, and sarcasm from which surprise and metonymy have been the most widely used in this work.

Literature has always been one of the most important tools of criticism in societies and writers have enjoyed it indirectly and symbolically. One of the methods that writers use to express social problems and empathize with people is humor. Black humor is a laugh mixed with pain that comes from the rebellious person’s heart to confront common and incorrect political and social beliefs and behaviors. Abolghasem Halat and Mohammad Maghut’s poetries are full of this kind of humor, which they have applied to express problems such as poverty, foreign interference and so on. But Maghut has enjoyed black humor in a broader sense and has also addressed subjects such as war, imprisonment and problems in the Arab world. These two poets have also applied techniques such as contradiction, contempt and humiliation. But at the same time, they have not used words and phrases that are contrary to morality and culture. The different individual and social conditions of these two poets have caused the mild tone in their words but the sting of the Maghut’s words is more noticeable.

Amelie Nothomb, Belgium and contemporary author of literary has remained unknown for Iranian researchers. Her regard to social issues prompted she to create one of the most prominent works, "you and chills". She tries to recounting their memories during this story. Nothomb by recalling memories in Japan and omitting the boundry between reality and fantasy, creates a world ¬which is a combination of these elements. In this novel, the author has a critical approach towards the Japanese community (especially the administrative system). Hypocrisy, seeking profit, dry conditions in administrative system, behavior and social attitudes in Japan criticized by the author.This study attempts to analyze the themes of this novel and to indicate the author's critical view.

black satire from literary, philosophical, or historical points of view. Black satire appears in the work of poets or writers in whose thoughts elements of commitment and responsibility permeate, on the grounds that real black satire cannot be realized without writers positioning themselves critically towards things, and as we know, criticism itself is a manifestation of commitment. In committed and meaning-oriented contemporary literature, satire is more moral, therefore it is less close to humor, black comedy, and lampoon, and rarely mixes with them. Therefore, the field of satirist's involvement includes intellectual, religious, political, social, moral, literary and even economic issues. In this research, the Grotesque elements in two works, Prince Ehtjab by Houshang Golshiri and Shop of Suicide by the French writer Jean Teulé, are examined and compared.

 The current research was formed in order to add to the existing theoretical knowledge in the field of contemporary Iranian Grotesque literature, and its immediate application is not considered. Hence, it is considered "theoretical" in terms of purpose. It is also descriptive-analytical for the implementation and promotion method. Columbia encyclopedia considers Grotesque as equivalent to black humor and writes in the definition of black humor: "Black humor, in literature, theater and film, Grotesque and morbid humor is used to express the absurdity, insensitivity, paradox and cruelty of the modern world. goes. Ordinary characters and situations are often exaggerated with irony far beyond the limits of natural humor. Black humor mostly uses things associated with tragedy and hurts the audience. In the field of understanding Grotesque in Persian literature, in many cases Grotesque is assumed to be exactly equal to black humor.

 Grotesque components in Prince Ihtjab and Suicide Shop Swearing and Cursing This abuse and uttering profanity is caused by an inner anger and the author tries to vent his anger by using abusive expressions and terms. Terribly Funny Maybe we can say that the laughter that comes after seeing the work of Grotesque and black humor; is a nervous and confused one. A laugh that is more scary than funny. In other words, fun and fear are mixed together. Of course, this combination often leads to the awakening of the audience. In "The Prince Ihtjab", horrible descriptions lead to terrifying atmospheres. In The Suicide Shop, this component is reflected in the same amount but with a different quality. The difference of the "laughable horror" component in Jean Teulé's work compared to Prince Ehtjab is its fantasy. The expressions used in The Suicide Shop, although they are scary, in the end, they do not lead to the formation of a scary atmosphere. Abnormality One of the funny factors, as well as creating terror and disgust at the same time, is the element of abnormality. It has been seen a lot in mixing laughter and laughter against abnormal things. It can be said that simultaneous and mixed attraction and repulsion is the product of something abnormal. The main character of the story, who seems to suffer from the disease of sadism, harasses Fakhri, who is also a masochist. The anomalous component in The Suicide Shop also existed in a serious way and has a unique quality. Exaggeration Another element that defines Grotesque and black humor is exaggeration which is crossing the limit of balance and going to extremes. Perhaps this means that the imagination in the Grotesque is too free to indulge in anything, even immoral matters, to the point of distorting everything at will. In "Prince Ehtjab", the component of exaggeration does not exist. Although some of the descriptions seem unbelievable, this incredibility is there more due to the space than the magnification of an element. However, The Suicide Shop is full of exaggerations and hyperboles. The Differences Suicide Shop and Apocalyptic Space The novel Suicide Shop uses the element of the apocalyptic atmosphere, in which severe climate changes have made everyone depressed and sad. The atmosphere of depression is evident in the story. The author skillfully included three historical figures in the story. The Twach family have named their children after three famous suicides - patriarch Mishima Twach is set to evoke Yukio Mishima, while their eldest son Vincent Twach is named after Vincent Van Gogh and their daughter Marilyn Twach brings Marilyn Monroe to mind. But in the story of Prince Ehtjab, this apocalyptic atmosphere does not exist. And the story is told retrospectively.Discourses of Power in Prince Ehtijab In Prince Ehtjab, Golshiri includes power discourses throughout his story. This political dimension of Golshiri's story should be understood according to the discourses of his time. Golshiri, influenced by the intellectual discourse of his era, in this novel, by representing and explaining and describing the power and violence that led to the destruction of the Qajar dynasty, has made a synonymization and assimilation between his novel and the social and political requirements of the Pahlavi rule. Prince Ehtjab is the last person and an infertile man from the dynasty of Qajar princes. Therefore, he is the last link in the chain of transformation of forms of exercising power. The first link of this chain and the agent of total authoritarian power is the Great ancestor or Jad Kabir. He is the embodiment of undisputed power. He is tyrranical ruler, a despot who has complete control over people's lives, wealth, and honor. He knows power well and has knowledge and access to the tools and methods of maintaining it. His life is summarized in two areas: murder and acts of force, lust and sexual entertainment: "every day you should kill only one or two" (Golshiri, 1368: 50). Flashback is the main feature of Prince Ehtjab Prince Ehtjab is expressed in the way of the fluid flow of the mind and therefore lacks temporal and spatial coherence. This method and technique of going to the past and reviewing the actions, speech and thoughts of the characters makes the past dynamic and brings it live in front of the reader, and the reader feels a connection with the past because of this. While in Suicide Shop, this element is not used because the purpose is to present depression and the imediacy of depression.

Grotesque is a characteristic of the effect of absurdity in modern fiction. This type of humor has components in fiction. Harassment and cursing, being laughable and terrifying, exaggeration, abnormality, and "disbelief in the best system of creation" are among the components of Grotesque that have been investigated in this research. The results of the present research show that in "Suicide Shop", the Hataki component is much less visible than Golshiri's effect. Also, the obscenities in this work, unlike Prince Ehtijab, are completely non-profane. In The Suicide Shop, the component of funny horror is reflected to the same extent as in Prince Ihtjab, but with a different quality. The difference of the "laughable horror" component in The Suicide Shop compared to Prince Ihtjab is in its fantasy. In Prince Ihtjab, the component of exaggeration is not evident. But The Suicide Shop is full of exaggerations and overstatements. Also, in Prince Ihtjab, the component of "disbelief in the best creation system" is not reflected, while, The Suicide Shop was formed based on the idea of protest against the universe and a negative view of human life.

Picaresqe is an important style in contemporary fiction that writers use to express their views on society and its problems and to critique the social, political, economic and moral situation in their works. Picaresqe stories; it is the story of their adventures and their sufferinds and dangers, which is why they are often written in the form of real autobiographical stories from the point of view of a first-person or third-person conscience. This fictional genre first appeared in 16th century Spain and later spread to other world literatures. Mohammad Shokri has also used this style of story to reflect the society of Moroccan and the Arab world and the deteriorating situation in her works. The main purpose of this paper, which is written in a descriptive – analytical method, is to analyze the content characteristics of Picaresqe in the novels "AL-Khobz AL-Hafi, AL-Shottar and vujooh" known as the Shokri trilogy. This trilogy tells the story of Mohammad Picaro from the beginning to the end and through the author it depicts the problems of the deprived and lower classes of Moroccan society at the time. Findings suggest that content characteristics that place the Shokri trilogy in Picaresqe''s novel are critical realism, travel and confront the protagonist with various events, poverty, and the need for a protagonist, unemployment, displacement, and absurd adventures. Madness and companionship whit cunning and slaves, rebellion against social lows and customs, satire and criticism of of society and people, expression of social disorders and moral corruption and bitter satire. Because literary works generally arise from the cultural, social and economic conditions of society and profound impact on people''s lives and shokri''s trilogy is written in the same way, so addressing this issue can reveal many aspects of the Moroccan society of the time to the reader

Picaresqe is an important style in contemporary fiction that writers use to express their views on society and its problems and to critique the social, political, economic and moral situation in their works. Picaresqe stories; it is the story of their adventures and their sufferinds and dangers, which is why they are often written in the form of real autobiographical stories from the point of view of a first-person or third-person conscience. This fictional genre first appeared in 16th century Spain and later spread to other world literatures. Mohammad Shokri has also used this style of story to reflect the society of Moroccan and the Arab world and the deteriorating situation in her works. The main purpose of this paper, which is written in a descriptive – analytical method, is to analyze the content characteristics of Picaresqe in the novels "AL-Khobz AL-Hafi, AL-Shottar and vujooh" known as the Shokri trilogy. This trilogy tells the story of Mohammad Picaro from the beginning to the end and through the author it depicts the problems of the deprived and lower classes of Moroccan society at the time. Findings suggest that content characteristics that place the Shokri trilogy in Picaresqe''s novel are critical realism, travel and confront the protagonist with various events, poverty, and the need for a protagonist, unemployment, displacement, and absurd adventures. Madness and companionship whit cunning and slaves, rebellion against social lows and customs, satire and criticism of of society and people, expression of social disorders and moral corruption and bitter satire. Because literary works generally arise from the cultural, social and economic conditions of society and profound impact on people''s lives and shokri''s trilogy is written in the same way, so addressing this issue can reveal many aspects of the Moroccan society of the time to the reader

Malakout is a postmodern novel, and what is important in the analysis of a postmodern novel is related mostly to the description of certain literary techniques, which are used to emphasize the futility of the old meanings. These works have characteristics that without paying attention to them, one cannot expect a logical evaluation of the work. Some of these postmodern features and techniques which are very important in this novel and will be discussed here are as follows: meta-fiction, intertextuality, fragmentation, black humor, pastiche, temporal distortion, minimalism, and finally grotesque.