Despite the increasing internationally emphasis on planning and practice in developing local communities for poverty alleviation, the planning system of Iran has not only paied enough attention to the development of local communities and the mechanisms that such communities can deal with poverty, but also planners and decision makers have little information about the types and characteristics of those neighborhoods that are more interested in developing community-based activities. The participation of Yazd city folks in improving their residential environment in the past was a kind of empowerment in form of a skill by which they were prepared to take some greater social responsibilities. It was a ground for strengthening social life and strengthening local functions. But due to the problems caused by physical expansion of Yazd city in the last 40 years and migration of indigenous inhabitants from the old texture neighborhoods of city, there is no way to apply the past social interactions and the sense of previous solidarity in the future. Therefore, the proper understanding of this concept in relation to the development of Yazd city can be considered very important. The present study aims to build a capacity on the bases of sustainable development and to assess the effective factors or effective barriers of building capacity in Yazd city regarding two reagents of general poverty and space-location geographic. The statistical population of the present study includes all household heads of Yazd city, of them 500 people were selected as a sample using a simple random method. The inferential results derived from one-sample T-test indicated that in all four research capacity elements (physical-environmental, economic, socio-cultural, and political) with a significance level less than 0.05, the mean figure of capacity building in Yazd city was different from the expected one. It means that the upper and lower levels of the differences are less than zero. Therefore, it was showed that the average capacity building in sustainable development of Yazd city and its dimensions has a positive and significant effect. As a conclusion, it was confirmed that there is a meaningful relationship between the mechanism of establishment and planning of urban sustainable development and local capacities in Yazd city. Finally, some strategies are proposed to encourage the residents towards the local development of neighborhoods in order to approach the urban sustainable development.

Institutional capacity building in neighborhood communities can be used as a tool to empower neighborhood communities to play a role in the process of urban development of the neighborhood. The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges and strategies of institutional capacity building in neighborhood communities with emphasis on the Tehran. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was document review. At this stage, while reviewing the theoretical literature and research background, the general framework of study questions for the second phase of the study was determined. The second phase of the study was a qualitative research with a conventional qualitative content analysis approach. Participants, who were selected by purposeful sampling method with data saturation criteria, included 20 experts in various fields related to the city and related issues. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed by the proposed method of Granheim and Landman. In order to increase the credibility and quality of the results, the four criteria of Guba and Lincoln were observed. The results were categorized into 2 main categories, 13 subcategories and 284 codes. The main categories were: Challenges and barriers to institutional capacity building, capacity building strategies.Institutional capacity building as a participatory process requires empowerment of local people and communities. Properly performing this process is overcoming the challenges and obstacles of capacity building. Overcoming these barriers requires the cooperation and coordination of capacity building elements,including non-governmental organizations, government agencies, and popular activists

The purpose of the present research is to investigate the position of rural production cooperatives in the formation and of social capital. This study is descriptive-analytical survey-based study. Data were collected using library studies and field method using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of 1655 members of rural production cooperatives in Hamadan, Iran, out of whom 180 were selected using Cochran formula by proportional random sampling method. Content validity of the questionnaire was assessed by subject matter experts. The construct validity and reliability of the construct were confirmed by calculating the composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that the level of capacity building of bonding and linking social capital was medium and low, respectively. Pearson correlation results confirmed the significant relationship of age, membership experience in the cooperative, agricultural experience and number of training courses with the variables of capacity building of linking and bonding social capital. In this regard, there was no significant difference between men and women in terms of capacity building of bonding social capital but capacity building of linking social capital of men was significantly higher than women. The results obtained in relation to the values of the fit indices showed that both the models of measuring capacity building of bonding and linking social capital had good fitting indices. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the bonding interaction (λ = 0.83) was the strongest indicator of the capacity building of bonding social capital and formal relationship network (λ = 0.84) was the strongest indicator of the capacity building of linking social capital.

While women account for half of the rural population and have many potential for contributing to social and economic activities, but neglecting about capacity building and empowerment, they have created many challenges for rural women and their ability. Attention to women's abilities in order to empower can increase their participation in livelihoods by increasing their ability. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate capacity building for empowerment of rural women. The present research is an applied objective and the method of doing that is scrolling method. The statistical population includes rural women in Zanjan city (N = 43559). In this case 381 women were selected as samples by Cochran formula and using quota sampling. The relationship between capacity building and women's empowerment was investigated by Using Univariate Exploratory Equivalence Ratio to identify the dimensions of capacity, a single-sample t-test was used to assess the capability and, using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that from the four dimensions considered for measuring rural capacities, respectively economic dimensions (0.613), social dimension (0.133), structural-institutional (0.191) and environment (118.3) 0) are The most important dimensions of capacity building for rural women.

A large part of the urban in Iranian cities has been affected by physical, economic, and social burnout. This burnout has become a concern for managers. Urban regeneration is one of the effective ways to solve burnout, and one of the ways to promote citizen participation is capacity building. This process involves creating educational opportunities for people through raising awareness, trust and empowering them. The research method is descriptive, and consists of descriptive analysis and one-sample T-test to measure the desirability of the variables and Pearson and Regression correlation have been used for determining the intensity of the relationship between variables. Finding showed that among the components of "Social Capacity Building", only the components of participation and social commitment are at the desired level and other components are in a relatively unfavorable and unfavorable situation. Social capacity building strategies are also in a very unfavorable position. Social participation in urban regeneration are also relatively unfavorable.The variable "Citizen Participation" in regeneration has a good correlation with the variable "Social Capacity" and "Social Capacity Building Strategies". The role of the organizational network in promoting the social capacity of Fahadan is prominent. Promoting the capacity building processes can promote the participation in regenerating this neighborhood. Regression model, the relationship between capacity building strategies and social capacity of Fahdan in the regeneration process was introduced.

It is expected that, compared with other power plants, changes in fuel cost for power plants in the deregulated electricity market leads to changes in the generation capacity of wind power plants. To quantify this effect, this article aims at modeling energy generation capacity and supply or distribution of different power plants as opposed to those of wind power plants. The proposed model was simulated using POWERSIM software from 1389 to 1398. The effect of fuel cost for wind power plants on their generation capacity and supply were compared with those of other power plants. The results clearly show that increasing the fuel cost for power plants will lead to a continuous increase in the capacity of wind power plants, and hydroelectric power plants and a decrease in the capacity of steam power plants. Comparing the results related to changing fuel cost with those of not changing it shows a higher increase in the investment and capacity of wind and hydroelectric power plants in comparison with other power plants

Strengthening the international cooperation of universities and higher education institutions has always been one of the important research priorities . The present research has been carried out with the aim of identifying the role of sabbatical in clarifying administrative management mechanisms and inter-university communication networking of medical sciences universities. The current research was conducted with an exploratory qualitative research approach and in a special way on the basis of the narrative research method to collect the narratives and lived experiences of the faculty members of medical sciences universities in Tehran who had experienced the opportunity to study abroad through semi-structured interviews with them. In order to clarify the administrative mechanisms affecting the networking of universities of medical sciences with other universities abroad, 14 faculty members of universities of medical sciences in Tehran were interviewed. Data analysis was done by inductive method and conventional methods in coding grounded theory. After categorizing the categories based on the conceptual framework of the research in the three roles of "inventor", "developer" and "guide", the results showed the sabbatical in the three mechanisms of "legal capacity building", "structural capacity building" and "policy building capacity" of management. The administration forms the networking of universities of medical sciences. The experience of the faculty members participating in the study opportunity program indicated the innovative role of this program in legal capacity building (change and amendment of laws), the developmental role of this program in building the capacity of the executive structures of the system, and its guiding role in the direction of capacity building of policies. The achievements of the study opportunity program in the networking of universities require that the system of the Ministry of Health, along with the necessity of allocating funds and encouraging academic staff members, takes serious action to remove obstacles and facilitate it.

The Ad hoc international criminal tribunals, namely the ICTY and ICTR, take precedence over domestic courts in the territories of states subject to their jurisdiction. The obligation of these states to abide by the statutes and decisions of the ad hoc tribunals on the one hand, and the need to strengthen their judicial and legal systems based on the so-called completion strategy on the other, have given a local face to the administration of justice in these post-conflict territories. It highlights coherent national reconciliation plans for capacity-building in these tribunals. Accordingly, the ad hoc tribunals have implemented capacity-building programs (such as workshops, training of law enforcement forces, etc.) in order to strengthen national legal systems for the realization of transitional justice. However, the tribunals have faced challenges such as prejudiced judges and prosecutors, which have hampered the effectiveness of the capacity-building programs in meeting the criteria for the rule of law within these territories.