This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different levels of peppermint and rosemary powder mixture on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of Japanese quails challenged with dexamethasone from 21 to 35 days of age using 96 female birds in 6 dietary treatments with 4 replicates birds in each replicate. The experimental treatments consisted of the control group (basal diet without any injection), saline injection, injection of 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone and 0.25, 0.5 or 1% of herbal mixture challenged with injection of 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone. The results showed that body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion rate (FCR) of quails, respectively, decreased and increased significantly by dexamethasone injection, but inclusion of 1% of herbal mixture significantly improved these indicators from 29 to 35 days of age. Quails fed 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone alone or together with 0.25, 0.5 or 1% herbal mixture had higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) on 35 d. Moreover, the utilization of 1% peppermint and rosemary mixture together with 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) of serum compared to control group and groups containing saline, 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone or 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone + 0.25% herbal mixture. In conclusion, the results of current study showed that consumption of 1% of rosemary and peppermint powder mixture could partially decrease unfavorable effects of dexamethasone administration in Japanese quails.

Mentha and Thyme medicinal planst are the effective plants on performance and immune system of poulty. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0% Mentha and Thyme mixture on performance, internal organs, carcass charactersitics and immunity system of Japanese quail. For this purpose, two hundered Japanese quails on day 14 were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates for each (10 chicks per replicate). Consumption of different levels of Thyme and Mentha mixture had no significant effect on weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio during the different weeks of age or whole the expermnetal period in Japanese quail (P>0.05). Relative weight of spleen was increased by all the diferent levels of plant mixtures and the highest spleen weight was related to the birds fed 1.0% of Thyme and Mentha mixture (P<0.05). Delayed-type hypersensitivity (cellular immune) was decreased by the all levels of plants mixtures and more decreased at the higher levels of plant mixtures (P<0.05).The consumption of 0.5 and 1.0% of Thyme and Mentha mixtures caused the increased antibody titers as compared to the low plants mixture (0.25%) and the control diet (P<0.05). The all plants mixtures cauased the higher lymphocyte proliferation and respiratory brusting as compared to control treatment (P<0.05). In conclusion, consumption of 0.5 and 1.0% of Thyme and Mentha mixture increase the antibody titer against sheep red blood cells, lymphocyte profileration, and respiratory brusting ability and decrease the delayed type hypersensitivity in Japanese quail.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of three different fat powder sources on growth performance and carcass traits of male broiler chickens reared in cages with 4 floors to 42 d of age. 120-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to one of the six treatments with four replicates based on a randomized complete block design with a 3×2 factorial arrangement. The fat sources include fat powder with plant origin, pure palm and plant – animal mixed were used. Sources of phosphorus include di-calcium phosphate and phosphoric acid were used. Daily feed intake, Daily gain and feed conversion ratio not affected by the type of fat sources from 10 to 42 days (p>0.05). Two sources di-calcium phosphate and phosphoric acid in average daily feed intake, daily gain and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different (p>0.05). Daily feed intake, daily gain and feed conversion ratio was not affected by the interaction between sources of fat and source of phosphorus from 10 to 42 days (p>0.05). Dressing percentage, breast, thigh, abdominal fat and liver in birds fed the different sources fat powder was not significant (p>0.05). Compare treatments in terms of the cost of feed to one kilogram of live weight showed that diet containing fat powder with plant origin in the entire production period was more expensive than the other two sources. The results showed that, there is no significant difference between the different sources of fat powder on performance and carcass traits of birds (p>0.05

The purpose of this study was research on a new herbal compound (Seidlitzia Rosmarinus) made by Traditional Medicine Research Group، University of shahed to find a safer alternative to HCL-Pumice compound technique.

In this randomized clinical trial seventy two anterior teeth from 9 patients were divided in to three groups according to fluorosis severity: mild (34 teeth)، moderate (14 teeth)، and sever (24 teeth). In each patient، half of the teeth were treated with “Shahed” compound and other half treated with HCL-Pumice compound. Before and after treatment، photographs were taken in both groups. HCL-Pumice treatment compound was applied for 30 seconds periods and continued for 10 minutes if necessary. In case of herbal Shahed compound the time was determined by clinical symptoms or when labial contour was dismissed، If the result was not esthetistically acceptabale for the patient، HCL-Pumice compound was applied on teeth. NaF was applied after mouth washing. The photographs of the teeth before and after treatment were reviewed by two experienced observer unaware of the treatment modality. The results were analyzed using willcoxon’s، kruskal-wallis and scheffe test.

There was over 81. 3% acceptance between two observers and no significant differences in intraobservers evaluation (P>0. 05). Improvement in beauty indexes were observed in all degrees of dental fluorosis by 18% with HCL-Pumice compound application، but “Shahed” herbal compound induced significant reduction in the amount of white spots in mild fluorosis and stain intensity of moderate fluorosis (P<0. 05)، while the reduction in the severity of discoloration in group 2، these two techniques were statistically equivalent but in the remainder، HCL-Pumice compound was more significantly effective (P<0. 05).

HCL-Pumice compound reduces the severity of the discoloration of the teeth. Shahed herbal compound cannot reduces the discoloration like as HCL-Pumice compound.

Halophytic plants constitute a significant part of the local flora in arid and semiarid regions. Native sheep, goats and camels graze these forages. The Suaeda fruticosa, Seidlitzia rosmarinus and Atriplex leucoclada that are belonging to the chenopodiaceae family, have considerable forage potential in the arid and semiarid rangelands. Overall, these plants are tolerant to drought, and used to reclaim degraded rangeland. In addition, they reduce ground water salinity and improve condition and structure of soil. Meanwhile, there are some secondary metabolites in halophytic plants like condense tannin that effect on consume and performance of the animals. Characteristic of a pasture, climatic conditions the pasture, range management, time of grazing in the pasture, animal characteristics and method of study are factors that all or some can influence yield, chemical compositions and rumen degradability of Halophytic plants. There are a few reports about the nutrition value of Atriplex spp., Seidlitzia spp. and suaeda spp. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate of chemical composition and nutrients degradability of these halophyte plants for dromedary camels.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted in Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Two female camels (about four years old) with rumen fistula were used in present experiment. The plants sampling were conducted from three regions of Jofer, Howayzeh and road of Abadan-Khorramshahr on the Khuzestan province in southwest of Iran, an area of approximately 60 Km in diameter. All ranges in term of topography have plain shape, without stone and deep canyons, and with high levels of underground water. The soil of these ranges has salinity characteristic and clay constitution. The study regions climate typified that of south Khuzestan. Annual mean temperature is 24.9°C with average minimum and maximum temperatures ranging from 2.6°C in January to 42°C in August. Precipitation averaged 224 mm per day.  The study area had a fair diversity of vegetation types. Four types of these plants named Atriplex leucoclada (AL), Suaeda fruticosa (SF), Seidlitzia rosmarinus (SR) were evaluated individually or in different mixture in completely randomized design. Treatments were, T1, 33.5% AL + 66.5% SR; T2, 100% AL; T3, 66.5% AL + 33.5% SF; T4, 66.5% AL + 33.5% SR; T5, 100% SR; T6, 33.5% AL + 66.5% SF; T7, 66.5% SR + 33.5% SF; T8, 66.5% SF + 33.5% SR; T9, 100% SF. Dry matter (DM), crude protein CP, ether extract (EE), ash, NDF, ADF, lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose, non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), neutral detergent soluble fiber (NDSF), total 80% ethanol-soluble carbohydrate (TESC), organic acids, starch and in situ degradability of DM, OM, NDF, CP of each plants were measured.    Atriplex leucoclada had the highest hemicellulose, NDF and organic matter among three halophyte plants. The highest concentrations of tannin and oxalate and organic acids were related to Seidlitzia rosmarinus. The SR and AL had respectively highest and lowest dry matter (DM) degradability and effective degradability (ED) (P<0.05). There was not any difference between Seidlitzia rosmarinus and mixture of Seidlitzia rosmarinus + Suaeda fruticose (Treat 7 and 8). Briefly, according to the results of this section, replacement the high levels of Seidlitzia rosmarinus instead of Suaeda fruticose, increase the dry matter degradability more effectiveness than low levels of that. Organic matter degradability of the SR and SF was significantly higher than the AL (P<0.05). The T7 and T2 treatments had the highest and lowest NDF degradability among others, respectively (P<0.05). Crude protein degradability was highest in the treat containing 66.5% SR+33.5% AL (T1), and AL treat had lowest in situ CP degradability percentage. The results were shown that CP degradation rate was faster than DM, OM and NDF in the initial incubation times. It was concluded that according to DM, OM and NDF degradability, the best plant mix for better feeding of grazing camels are treatments T5, T7 and T8 (without AL); but as protein degradability and chemical composition data, the treatments containing AL (T1, T3, T4 andT6, excepted T2) were the best mix. Therefore, it seems that one of the strategies for improving the digestibility of halophyte plants in camels is mixing these plants with each other, which according to the results of the present experiment, a combination of AL with SR or SF may be caused to more ruminal degradability in feeding of grazing camel and rehabilitation of rangelands.

Due to the ease of application, abundance and lack of significant side effects medicinal plants and their derivatives are used for poultry as effective additives. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of nettle (Urtica dioica L.), pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) and ziziphora (Ziziphora tenuior L.) on performance, carcass traits, blood hematological and biochemical parameters of broilers. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design including 324 broilers (Ross 308) with 9 treatments and3 replications (each replication included 12 hens) from age 1 to 42 days. Experimental groups included I) control group with no medicinal plants, and in other treatments the levels of medicinal plants in starter and grower periods were as II) 0.75% III) 0 and 0.75%, IV) 0.75% and 1.5%, V) 1.5% and 0.75%, VI) 0.75% and 1.5%, VII) 0 and 1.5%, VIII) 1.5% and 0, IX) 1.5% in both periods. The results showed that different levels of medicinal plants in starter and grower periods had significant effects on performance, carcass traits and hematological status of broilers (p < 0.05). According to the results, the highest daily weight gain (59.75g), the lowest feed conversion (1.90) the highest carcass percentage (74.04) and the highest percentage of gizzard (2.77) were observed in group 3, whereas the best level of white blood cells was observed in group 9, but there were no significant differences between experimental groups and control group in terms of performance and blood hematological parameters.

Precocious puberty (PP) involves early activation of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) generator. The RFamide-related peptide/G protein-coupled receptor 147 (RFRP3/GPR147) signaling pathway is vital in inhibiting GnRH and delaying puberty onset. The nourishing Yin-removing fire (NYRF) herbal mixture has shown promising results in treating PP.

This study aimed to assess the impact of the NYRF herbal mixture on the RFRP3/GPR147 signaling pathway in the hypothalamus and its potential in alleviating PP in female rats.

In a controlled experiment, 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats (11.20 ± 0.69 gr, postnatal day [PD5]) were divided into normal, model, normal saline, and NYRF groups (n = 6/each). PP was induced in the model, normal saline, and NYRF groups by subcutaneous injection of danazol at PD5. The NYRF herbal mixture or normal saline was administered from PD15. Serum sex hormone levels and hypothalamic samples were collected for mRNA and protein expression at PD30.

In the model group, hypothalamic GnRH and kisspeptin levels increased, while RFRP3 and GPR147 levels decreased, luteinizing hormone levels elevated, reproductive organ coefficients increased, and the vagina opened earlier compared to the normal group. Conversely, the NYRF group exhibited lower GnRH and kisspeptin levels but higher RFRP3 levels in the hypothalamus. Serum luteinizing hormone levels were reduced, reproductive organ coefficients were reduced, and the vaginal opening was delayed compared to the model and normal saline groups.

The NYRF herbal mixture delayed sexual development in rats with PP by hypothalamic upregulating RFRP3 and downregulating GnRH and kisspeptin.

Industrial poultry farming on a large scale and intensively has increased the possibility of disease outbreaks. Studies have shown that the use of antibiotics, in addition to environmental threats, causes microbial resistance in the body (Yakhkeshi et al. 2011). The presence of chemical residues in poultry products and its impact on human health was one of the reasons for the ban on the use of antibiotics in 2006 (Garcia et al. 2007). Much research has been done to find suitable alternatives to antibiotics. Essential oils and plant extracts with a variety of biological and physiological compounds have a very high potential for their use as new medicinal compounds (Hussain et al. 2008). Useful properties of medicinal plants are related to the presence of secondary metabolites in them (Efterpi et al. 2012). In addition to improving bird growth and production, medicinal plants have positive effects on health status parameters (Grashorn, 2010), intestinal microbial population (Bolukbasi et al. 2008), serum concentration of antibodies to viral diseases (Toghyani et al. 2010) and biochemical and hematological parameters (Toghyani et al. 2010). Among the medicinal plants, cinnamon, marjoram and pepper are aromatic herbaceous plants that are of great importance and have effective healing properties. In some studies, consumption of cinnamon in the diet has caused weight gain, decreased feed conversion ratio and improved liver function in broilers and mice (Mehdipour et al. 2013; AL-Kassie, 2009). Giannenas and Et al. (2005) reported that consumption of marjoram extract improves the performance of broilers. Capsaicin in pepper increases intestinal and bile secretions, increases the activity of pancreatic enzymes, slows the passage of substances in the intestine, and increases the absorption of nutrients (Farrell, 1978). Platel and Srinivasan (2003) reported that consumption of capsaicin by 0.15% in the diet increased salivary amylase secretion in mice; it also increased gallic acid salts by 17%. It has been reported that the consumption of several medicinal plants simultaneously has a greater effect on the production, functional and health parameters than the consumption of one medicinal plant alone (Mehdikhani, 2015). Farrokhnia et al. Reported in 2020 that the consumption of a mixture of Thymus vulgaris and Echinacea angustifolia extracts was reduced due to a reduced conversion ratio of broilers compared to separate consumption. According to the above, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of consumption of a mixture of cinnamon, marjoram and pepper extracts on performance, weight and relative length of gastrointestinal tract, enzymes and blood minerals in broilers. This experiment was performed using 192 Ross 308 broilers in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 6 replications and 8 broilers per replication in a 42-day breeding period. Experimental treatments are: (1) base diet, (2) base diet + 50 mg/kg mixture of plant extracts, (3) base diet + 100 mg/kg mixture of plant extracts and (4) Base ration + 200 mg/kg mixture of plant extracts. Functional parameters of feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured at the end of 42 days of rearing. On the last day of the experiment, 3 chickens were selected from each replicate for blood sampling. Samples were transferred to the laboratory to measure the activity of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase; These parameters were measured by an autoanalyzer and commercial kits of Pars Azmoun Company. Also, the amount of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron elements in the blood were measured by autoanalyzer by spectrophotometry (Biowave model S2100 made in England) by commercial kits of Biochemistry Company. Then the birds were slaughtered and after filling, separating the ventricular contents and separating the components, the relative weights of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract were calculated in terms of body weight, and the relative lengths of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were measured (Daneshyar et al. 2012). Experimental data were statistically analyzed in a completely randomized design by SAS statistical software (2003) using GLM linear procedure. Mean comparisons were performed using Tukey-Kramer test at 5% level. The results showed that feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05). However the treatments receiving 100 and 200 g/ton of mixed plant extracts had more body weight gain than the control treatment (P<0.05). Consumption of all three levels of plant extracts resulted in a significant increase in the length of jejunum and ileum of chickens (P<0.05). On the other hand, duodenum and cecum length were not affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the relative weights of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum between the experimental treatments (P>0.05). The results showed that the levels of liver enzymes aspartate, transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were not affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05). However, consumption of 100 and 200 g/ton of plant extracts reduced the amount of alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in comparison with the control treatment (P<0.05). The results showed that the consumption of a mixture of plant extracts had no significant effect on the amount of phosphorus and iron in the blood serum of broilers (P>0.05). On the other hand, consumption of 200 g/ton of mixed plant extracts compared with the control treatment increased the amount of calcium and magnesium in the blood of broilers (P<0.05). From this study, it is concluded that up to 150 g/t of a mixture of Cinnamomum verum, Origanum vulgare and Capsicum annuum extract in broiler diet without changing feed intake led to improved weight gain and increased relative length of ileum and jejunum in broilers. Liver enzymes were at normal levels and even showed a decreasing trend; The blood calcium and magnesium levels of broiler chickens also increased. Therefore, up to this level, a mixture of cinnamon, marjoram and pepper extract can be used in broiler diets.

oil in water emulsions has attracted considerable food industry due to their physical characteristics. But there is a considerable amount of cholesterol in some of them, such as cream and it was a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and are created compounds in the effect of cholesterol oxidation during processing or food storage compounds that are known as carcinogenic agents, cytotoxic, mutagenic and atherogenic. The purpose of this study is the production of cream mixed with cholesterol and lower prices and greater nutritional value than dairy cream.
Three different formulations of the mixture cream (A, B, C), soy milk, cow's milk, water soluble emulsifier, xanthan, calcium chloride, light cream milk, sunflower oil and emulsifier Sytrum was taken in proportions appropriate. The Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationship between amounts of fat, protein with water. Sensory evaluation of the cream mixture samples was conducted by using a 9-point Hedonic scale. They were used rank Kruskal-Wallis test Due to the response variables. They were used the specific test of multiple comparisons DAN for compare the two groups. They were also used descriptive statistics as mean and standard deviation and were performed data analysis by using R 2.3 software.
the Pearson correlation coefficient between fat and.16 volume (increase volume) is equal to 45% and p-value B (p The results of this study showed that the use of soy milk made ​​from soy flour, although somewhat affecting flavor and creamy mixed water but while increasing the nutritional properties can be formulated with other ingredients to create the perfect texture.