This paper، first it has reviewed the literature on the characteristics of mathematical word problems and their solution process. The review revealed that among the root causes for students’ difficulties with mathematical word problems، two factors are salient، namely; the text complexity and the unfamiliar context. To shed more light on these findings، a factorial experimental study was designed with 80 grade 7 students from a school in middle class residents. These students were randomly put into the four groups of 20 each; two as experimental and two as control group. Four tests were administered as pre-tests and post- tests to compare the students regarding their problem solving skills with the intervention of two kinds of rewording; familiarization and personalization. The major finding of this study is that the rewording per se has meaningful effect on students’ understanding and solving of word problem.

Students’ mathematics anxiety and learning styles are factors that impact mathematics learning. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between students’ mathematics anxiety and learning styles with solving calculus word problems (SCWP) and their effect on each other. To do this, the ex-post facto research method was used. To collect data, mathematics anxiety questionnaire and learning style test were used. Their reliability and validity were already checked at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Also, a researchermade solving calculus word problem test has been used. The instructional objectives of the mentioned topic has been designed. Its content validity was confirmed by mathematics teachers and academic members. The research population consisted of all high school third grade mathematics and physics students (girls and boys) of Sabzevar in 2009-2010 academic year. Also, the research sample consisted of 143 students who were chosen randomly from the mentioned population. The results showed that there is a relationship between students’ mathematics anxiety, and learning styles with SCWP. Students with low mathematics anxiety perform better in SCWP than students with high mathematics anxiety. Students with field-independence learning style do better in SCWP than students with field-dependence learning style. Students with low mathematics anxiety and field-independence learning style perform better in SCWP than students with low mathematics anxiety and field-dependence learning style. In addition, the results of this study imply that the mathematical word problem test is a more distinctive and challenging for students than ordinary class tests. The result of this research can help teachers in designing mathematics homework and questions for students, with attention to students’ mathematics anxiety and learning styles.

In this paper, mathematical applications in balance-sheet management were examined, based on mathematical word problems, to provide asset-liability management reporting in a developmental bank. After reviewing the importance of balance-sheet management in banks, introducing development bank, the literature ant theoretical basis about mathematics word problems and applications of mathematical modelling in assets and liabilities management, two case of word problems (arithmetic and algebraic) were examined in balance-sheet management in which mathematical representing and modelling were used to solve problems, respectively. Then the results were interpreted in financial field. The results revealed mathematical representing and modelling helps to interpret balance-sheet information for managing assets and liabilities in a developmental bank. Regarding the results, balance-sheet management can be observed from the perspective of mathematical word problems. Therefore, it can result a more accurate interpretation of balance-sheet data in banks, based on accurate expressing mathematics and analysing problems in the real world. This sheds light on the necessity of giving attention to mathematical applications in balance-sheet management. Finally, it is recommended that in future research, conceptual understanding mathematics examine in solving word problems as balance-sheet management among users in such a way that understanding those concepts led to an increase in applying mathematics in finance affairs and consequently, accurate analysis and evaluation of financial data.

Real perceptions are the mental reflections of realities on the ground whereas arbitary perceptions are assumptions which mind makes in order to meet its vital needs. They are based on contract, supposition and consideration. There are two opinions concerning the logical inferential relation between real and arbitrary perceptions. According to one opinion that was originally presented by Muhaqqiq Isfahani and followed by Allama Tabatabei, Martyr Mutahhari and Imam Khomeini, there is no logical relation between the two. According to the other, however, there is a logical inferential relation between real perceptions and arbitrary perceptions in case the latter is supported by the realities on the ground. Based on the above-mentioned epistemological principle, the followers of the first opinion do not use real or factual perceptions in theological issues and if a thing as such happens they take it as confusion between reality and arbitrariness. However based on the correct opinion held by most theologians and philosophers, it is correct to use real and factual perceptions in theological issues. Theologians have mostly dealt with factual perceptions as an epistemic presupposition. They have used such perceptions both in theological definitions as well as in theological argumentations. Based on this opinion, theological issues form part of factual perceptions. In case they do not, they are not mere suppositions, but are instead rooted in facts.

Seyyed Jamaluddin Asadabadi is one of the most important and influential personalities of the Islamic world in the contemporary era. The topic of this article is that in Seyyed Jamal's intellectual-cognitive sphere and the foundations of his insight, writing and action, the foundations and theological issues of what kind of philosophy, theory and method, because he was proficient and capable in Islamic sciences, such as words and words, and it is presented in the presentation to be theological issues should take the initial steps with the society and based on the requirements of time and place, and by correctly explaining the theological and religious issues, be a role-player and flow maker in solving social problems and overcoming the decline and backwardness of the Islamic society. In this research, relying on Seyyed Jamal and using the analytical descriptive method, Seyyed Jamal's method of theological foundations has been investigated. Among the findings of this research, it is understood that Seyyed Jamal saw the realm of reason in the field of correct explanation, proof of reasons and defense of Islamic religion and teachings as very broad and defines the relationship between reason and speech in two directions. It means that the intellect shows the theological issues and the science of theology complements and elevates the intellect. Overall Seyyed Jamal is more than a narrator, he is a rationalist and values reason and a high place, but he always considers the realm of reason and its description, and tries to maintain moderation in the process and from principles and frameworks it is rational. And Islamic philosophy has not violate

Narratives of the Quran have been a point of concentration for commentators, traditionists, and scholars on Quranic sciences since the early centuries of Islam. Various researches have been carried out on this topic based on historical, geographical, and aesthetic approaches, as well as that of the rhetorical inimitability of the Quran. However, the theological aspect, particularly theological issues concerning Imamate, has not been properly investigated. This article – having been organized following desk research into the Shiite traditional, exegetical, and theological sources, as well as those of Quranic sciences and explaining the domain of theological deductions – is an attempt to indicate the extent and level of the efficiency of relying on the Divine Book in theological deductions from Quranic narratives in the field of Mahdawiyyah, and then introduce the special place of referring to Quranic narratives towards proving the theological issues concerning Mahdawiyyah as one of the efficient theological methods.
possibility of reaching Imamate in childhood, return to life of certain people at the end of days, resorting to favorites of God for help, seeking blessings from the saints of God and the things attached to them, visiting the infallible ones and intercession. Furthermore, the concealment of the birth of the twelfth Imam, achieving Imamate in childhood, occultation, long life, staying young, performing miracles, universal government of justice, and the etiquette of expecting the reappearance of Imam are considered the most important theological issues concerning Mahdawiyyah in Quranic narratives.

This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of brain-compatible teaching model with mathematics reading comprehension strategy on correcting third grade students’ computational errors in solving verbal problems. In this study, quasi-experimental research method was used. A verbal question test was used as the research instrument in the study. The sample included 65 third grade female students from non-public schools that were assigned into two groups of control and experimental. The results obtained from Wilcoxon test indicated that the brain-compatible teaching model with mathematics reading comprehension strategy was effective on the third grade students’ correction of computational errors in solving verbal problems. Therefore, it can be concluded that considering and using the brain-compatible learning activities can enhance students’ educational success and motivate them to learn Mathematics. This was abstrac of this article whit Investigating the Effectiveness of Brain-compatible Teaching model with Mathematics Reading Comprehension Strategy (SQRQCQ) on Correcting Students’ Computational Errors in Solving Verbal Problems title.

The Islamic theology is purely Islamic and originates from the Qur’an and Hadith. In fact, the factors of the appearance of its topics and problems are the great Qur’an, the Hadiths of the great Prophet and the Imams of the Household (p.b.u.th.). So the date of the appearance of the Islamic theology goes to the age of the Holy Prophet and the revelation of the Qur’an, although, some are trying to make us believe that the Islamic theology originates from the Christian and Jewish theology, and also from the Greek philosophy, because the Mu’tazilites started the Islamic theology, and they were influenced by the Greek philosophy.The present writing is trying to eliminate this deviation and explain the originality of the Islamic theology. Of course, as will be mentioned, the author does not deny the influence of the external factors such as religious and non- religious cultures, the Greek Philosophy and even the celebrities on the expansion of the Islamic theological topics and problems. He asserts that these factors are the ‘background’, but believes that the origin of the first and main influential factors in the Islamic theology is Islam itself.

In this paper we have examined various theological and philosophical issues which are directly linked to causality, with the intention to enlighten on the wide spectrum and importance of this subject. It is clear that on one hand, causality is closely related to theological subjects such as, the Will of God, Human Will, and Miracles, and on the other hand, philosophical and mystical issues such as, Qa’edat ul-wahed, and Unity of Existence. Therefore, it is significant to show special attention to causality in order to understand its arduousness and the ambiguities which hover around it, and discover the answer to the many doubts and questions which are raised, by fully understanding this subject and its importance.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of training the strategies of mental imagery, think-aloud, written representation and motor representation on the performance of the fifth grade male elementary students in solving verbal math problems. For this purpose, using random cluster sampling, two elementary male schools were selected from the third educational district in Isfahan. Each of these elementary schools had two fifth grade classes (n = 108). 75 students were randomly divided into five fifteen-member groups consisted of mental imagery group, think-aloud group, written representation group, motor representation group and control group. All the students of five groups were given a pretest consisted of 12 verbal math problems and Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM). No significant difference was observed between the mean scores gained by the students of five groups on the pretest and Raven's intelligence test. Each of the experimental groups received 10 forty five-minute training sessions. The control group received no instruction. After completion of training sessions, all of the students took the verbal math problems posttest, which was parallel with the pretest. The one- way analysis of variance on the differences among the student's scores on the pretest and the posttest showed significant differences of the groups. Tukey follow-up test was used to compare the paired group means. The students of written representation group and mental imagery group showed better performance on the posttest in comparison with the control group. The results indicated that written representation and mental imagery methods have a positive impact on the students’ performance in verbal math problem solving.