Noise, is one of the most common sources of occupational diseases, which has a physical nature studied in various forms. Since few studies have been conducted on some of these forms, such as the calculation of sound spectrum level, the present study was done to assess the balance of spectrum in Crepenaz textile factory. In this study, first, Pykanol Hall in Crepenaz factory, which is the most important location in terms of noise production, was set up into 286 sound stations with 6 in 6 meters wide for each one. In addition, noise levels have also been studied. The sound pressure is measured using a sound level meter and subsequently frequency analysis was performed in the stations with the level of noise more than 85 dB. In the third step, with calculation of the balance of spectrum in these stations, an opportunity was provided to facilitate the comparison of the extent of the risk exposure in the stations. Of 286 sound stations, only 73 were active. In seven stations, the sound pressure level was more than 85 dB. A comparison between sound levels was subsequently provided and carried out. The present study demonstrated a distribution of sound pressure levels in the different parts of the factory. The sound control in this work place was provided through determining the stations with high sound levels and calculating the sound levels.

Zoroaster, the prophet of ancient Iran, who probably lived at the beginning of the first millennium B.C promulgated a religion whose followers are now called Zoroastrians. According to the basic beliefs of this religion, Ormazd is eternal but nothing is mentioned regarding the eternity of Ahriman. It should be stated that although both have emerged from the same essence, Ormazd is a manifestation of mercy and grace while Ahriman represents wrath and usurpation. Zoroastrianism is based on benevolent behavior, attitude and deed. A faithful person has to comply with Ormazd and to contest Ahriman and devilishly soles.After proclaiming his religion, Zoroaster encountered oppositions from among the Aryan society. His two main opponent groups were Kavies and Karaps. Based on the Pahlavi Zoroastrian resources such as Dinkard and The Extract of Zadesparm, these two groups attempted to kill Zoroaster from the time of his birth. However, each time they were frustrated. Kei is a title of rulers, starting from KeiGhobad, who are known as Keiyaniyan. KeiGashtas`s reign, the last king of Keiyaniyan, coincided by the advent of Zoroaster. Despite all the oppositions he faced from Kavies and Karaps, Gashtasb accepted the Zoroaster’s religion. Hence, he has been commemorated in Gahan. Generally speaking, Kavi means Commander, king and ruler. While Karap means clergyman who performs religious commands. Thus, it is not acceptable to consider the two titles synonym and substitutable.

One of features of leman is that is unfolded for lover with various manifestations and try to attract lover. These manifestations construed as the affectation of leman. The results of research shows that sometimes divine love manifest in the form of humankind love. So it can be said that affectation arisen from the humankind beauty is also the manifestation of divine affectation. There''s a relationship between the manifestations of god''s affectation and the one of a humanlike leman. And the characteristics of humanlike leman showing his/her grace can manifest Jamal characteristics of god and characteristics of of humanlike leman showing his/her disgrace can manifest the jalal characteristics of god. sometimes hafiz''s leman is earthly that unfolds with manifestations of earthly leman and sometimes، leman is heavenly and spiritual that him/her manifestations are expressed to specific spiritual meaning and sometimes leman is both earthly and heavenly that him/her affectations have spiritual secrets and they are expressed in the format of manifestation of earthy leman.. In the research، manifestations of affectation of hafiz''s leman under the titles of jali and khafi and also the relationship between the earthly leman and the god besides the interpretation of the concepts related to affectation will be investigated from the mystic''s point of view.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of tropical plants that sensitive to cold. In order to evaluate the tolerance of different genotypes of sesame to cold stress and effect of cold on their physiological characteristics, an experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design on ten genotypes including Varamin, Qa’im, Ultan, Yekta, Dashtestan 2, Darab 1, Naz Takshakheh, Naz Chandshakheh, Jahad and Nishapur with three replications. The genotypes exposed three days in 8˚C and the leaf samples were prepared at 0 (pre-stress), 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. The highest amount of chlorophyll a was measured in Naz Chandshakheh, and the lowest amount was in Varamin and then was in Nishapur genotype after 48 hours. About chlorophyll b, the Naz Chandshakheh and after it, Jahad genotypes had the highest and the Nishapur genotype had the lowest amount after 72 hours. The amount of carotenoids, just in time zero and the beginning of stress (6), a significant difference was observed among genotypes and with advancing the stress, changes in ten genotypes carotenoids in such a way that no significant differences were found. The process of proline changes was incremental and proline accumulation found during cold stress in all genotypes. The difference between genotypes in stress and non-stress (time zero) conditions was significant and the highest amount of proline accumulated in Naz Chandshakheh and the lowest found in the Nishapur genotype at all times. The changes of malondialdehyde (MDA) was different in the genotypes at all times and the Nishapur and then Darab 1 genotype had the highest and the Naz Chandshakheh genotype had the lowest amount of MDA at the end of cold stress duration, which represent respectively the maximum and minimum damage to the membrane. The cold stress leads to loss of intracellular water of leaves and thus, the concentration of photosynthetic pigments increased. On the other hand, the lost water is used to interactions, such as the synthesis of proline and its levels has increased under the stress. As well as damage to the membrane, causing exit substances such as MDA that due to these factors finally, the Naz Chandshakheh and the Nishapur genotype introduced respectively as cold tolerant and cold sensitive cultivar.

In order to study effect of competitive ability in some of the cultivars bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in weed interference, an experiment was conducted at a field in Karaj during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Experiment was conducted as factorial bases on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Experimental treatments include weeding and no weeding of weeds and five cultivars of bean (Naz, Goli, Sayyad, Derakhshan and Akhtar). Analysis of variance showed that the effect of weed control and cultivars on most of the traits was significant. But, the effect of year and weed control × Cultivar interaction was not significant. Naz cultivar had the lowest weed density and biomass density (17 plant per m-2 and 92 g m-2, respectively). Also, the highest grain yield (261.81 and 230.58 g m-2) were obtained at weeding treatment and Naz cultivar, respectively. Also, the results indicated that Naz cultivar had highest competitive index (1.52) and Akhtar cultivar had the lowest (0.83). Grain yield loss in weeding and non-weeding condition at Naz, Goli, Sayyad, Derakhshan and Akhtar cultivars was 30.25, 32.91, 37.36, 38/50 and 38.78 %, respectively. Generally, evaluation of different traits showed indeterminate and runner cultivars (Naz and Goli) showed higher competitive ability compared to determinate and erect cultivars (Akhtar and Derakhshan). So, pay attention to condition of this study, Naz cultivar is suggested for same environments.

Herbivore feeding induces two main defensive systems in plant, direct and indirect defenses. To know role of some genes which involve in direct and/or indirect defenses their expression pattern were compared in clean and mite infested leaves of some common bean susceptible (Akhtar) and resistant (Naz, Ks41128) genotypes with QRT-PCR. Then to proof the QRT PCR results, preference of predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis، were compared in all cultivars with olfactometer. The QRT-PCR results indicated that among genes only expression of LOX gene that is important in both direct and indirect defenses was significantly difference among genotypes. After spider mite infestation expression of LOX gene was significantly up-regulated only in the resistant genotype (Naz) and in the susceptible genotype (Akhtar) expression of LOX was even significantly down-regulated. The result of olfactory tests showed that only Naz genotype could significantly attract more predatory mites after the spider mite infestation. Therefore significantly more attraction of predatory mite to resistance genotype (Naz) than other genotypes and up regulation of LOX gene in this genotype upon mite infestation can demonstrate role of this gene in direct and indirect defense of common bean against spider mite.

Induced resistance was studied in two resistance and susceptible (Naz and Akhtar, respectively) common bean cultivars against two spotted spider mite, Tetranuychus urticae Koch (Acari; Tetranychidae(. In this study the amounts of total phenols, malondialdehyde, antioxidant activity, and the activity of plant defensive enzymes [guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] were measured for uninfected (control) and infected (1, 3 and 5 days after infestation) plants. The amounts of total phenols and antioxidant activity were higher in cultivar Naz (max: 0.8 and 53.67 respectively) compared to Akhtar, but the amount of malondialdehyde was low in Naz. Also, cultivar Naz exhibited greater enzymatic activity (GPX: 37.29 and APX: 21.87), than cultivar Akhtar. These results suggested that the plant defensive enzymes such as GPX, and APX were involved in common bean resistance to T. urticae. Thus, increased activity of GPX and APX along with accumulation of total phenols increased plant resistance to T. urticae.

This study investigated the trend of hydroclimate parameters of the Miankaleh wetland using the Mann-Kendall test and Sen slope estimator. Temperature, precipitation, and evaporation parameters were used from the synoptic stations . Also, the discharge data were used from the hydrometric stations of Khalil Mahalleh, Tazeh Abad, Baghoo, and Vatana stations. The results of the Mann-Kendall test showed that the temperature in the Dashte-Naz station in spring and summer seasons has a significant increasing trend with 95% confidence and a significant decreasing trend in winter. Also, there is an increasing trend in Hashem Abad station, with a 95% confidence level in the spring and autumn seasons. Precipitation in Dashte-Naz station with a 95% confidence level has a decreasing and increasing trend, respectively. The most frequent trend changes in Dubai are related to Vatana station, which has a decreasing trend on an annual scale. Evaporation in Dashte-Naz station has a decreasing trend in the autumn and winter seasons and has an increasing trend in spring. Also, in Hashem Abad station, the evaporation rate in autumn has a decreasing trend. The Sen slope estimator method results showed that precipitation in Dashte-Naz station in December was -2.983, and on the annual scale, it is related to Hashem Abad station with -6.283. The highest monthly positive trend line slope of all parameters is related to August precipitation in Dashte- Naz station with a value of 3.20, and the highest annual scale is related to evaporation in Hashem Abad station with a value of 2.157.

Field experiment was carried out during 2008 growing season at the research farm of University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran, to evaluate the interference effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) on light interception and RUE of four Sesame cultivars. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications per treatment. The first factor was the sesame cultivars including, Otlan (Multiculum), Varamin 2822, Naz Uniculm and Karaj 1 (Uniculm cultivars). The second was the redroot pigweed density at five levels: 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 plant m2. The results indicated that leaf area distribution in the canopy has a triangular function and the height, in which maximum leaf area redroot pigweed was observed, was not the same among treatments. Light interception by sesame cultivars under redroot pigweed interference decreased by 12, 47, 32, and 42 percent for Oltan, Varamin 2822, Naz Uniculum and Karaj 1, respectively, compared to control. Redroot pigweed interference reduced RUE by 18.6, 35, 27.7, and 21.7 percent for Oltan, Varamin 2822, Naz Uniculum and Karaj1 respectively, compared to control. The highest RUE was observed in Oltan cultivar.