Social accountability of public agencies is one of the requirements of public governance in the country. This kind of accountability is responding to social groups. The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for establishing social accountability in Iranian public sector organizations based on grounded theory. The statistical population of this research includes experts who have sufficient knowledge and practical experience in the field of social accountability. According to the research framework, a semi-structured method based on Atlas ta software has been used to collect the required data. After analyzing the text of the interviews, the dimensions of social accountability and causal, mediator and moderator variables were identified to develop a final framework. Research findings show that international requirements, the type of organizational mission, organizational culture, legal requirements, organizational reputation and public maturity of society are key factors influencing the establishment of social accountability in public agencies. Meanwhile, the outcomes of establishing social accountability in public agencies are an increase in public trust, public satisfaction, and comunity growth and excellence.

The aim of this research was to to Measuring social accountability of elementary schools in Urmia. The study is a cross-sectional survey based on the applied purpose and from the perspective of data collection. The statistical population of the study was all 2329 elementary school teachers in Urmia who were selected as a statistical sample using one-stage cluster sampling and Morgan table. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. For the content validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of professors in the field of educational sciences were used and the validity of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.95. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using SPSS28 and PLS3 software were used to analyze the data.The results showed that the social accountability of elementary schools has six components: the consequences of social accountability, the culture of society and schools, moral school and citizenship awareness, the school's attention to the needs of society and the demands of the people, the rules of social accountability of schools and the welfare of society and teachers. May these components be at a desirable level in elementary schools in Urmia. The ranking of social accountability components of elementary schools in Urmia is different and the component of social accountability consequences has the highest rank and the component of welfare status of society and teachers has the lowest rank.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for measuring political intelligence by emphasizing the social accountability of public sector managers in Iran. The method of this research is qualitative. In order to present a model of political intelligence with emphasis on social accountability of public sector managers, the qualitative method of foundation data theory was used. Then, CVI, CVR and CVI S-content validity indices were used to determine the validity of the themes and components of the political intelligence model as well as the political intelligence measurement model. The statistical population of this study included political intelligence and social accountability experts in the qualitative section, in which 22 people participated as participants. The research tool was a researcher-made unstructured interview that was organized in the form of 6 questions. Three methods of open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data. The results of this study lead to the identification of 31 themes and categories in the form of six dimensions of causal factors (4 themes), intervening factors (5 themes), contextual factors (5 themes), main phenomena (6 themes), strategies and strategies (6 themes) and Consequences and results (5 themes). According to the findings, it can be said that the proposed model can increase the importance of measuring the political intelligence of public sector managers by emphasizing social accountability. Provide social accountability that is based on the opinion of experts and such a model does not exist in the research background.

Nowadays, the accountability to the social needs of the society and the consideration of moral disciplines are the necessities that the organizations need to have in order to increase their legitimacy. This would be possible in the light of social capital development of the organization. In this respect, the present research aimed to study the effect of social capital on the social accountability with an emphasis on the role of business ethics. The study is an applied descriptive- correlational research. The statistical population of the research included the managers and employees of the private bank branches of Ilam province. All in all, 203 members were selected from among them as the sample using simple random sampling method. The standard questionnaire was used for collecting data. The statistical analyses of the data were done by structural equation modeling after the confirmation of their reliability and validity., In addition to the confirmation of the research model fitness, the findings revealed that the social accountability was directly affected by social capital level and business ethics. Furthermore, it was found that the social accountability influenced indirectly the social accountability through business ethics. Accordingly, the bank managers can use the social capital concepts and business ethics to facilitate and encourage social accountability in their organizations.

Social accountability has received much research attention in recent decades. Social accountability has been identified as an important prerequisite in development; however different development targets each have a particular definition of social accountability. The aim of this study was to provide indicators for application in making assessments for the progress of medical science colleges and institutions towards social accountability.
This research was conducted as a qualitative study in 2015. The research aimed to explore indicators of social accountability in medical science training institutions using three rounds of the Delphi technique. A group of experts was gathered from among all regions of Iran. Prior to the first round of Delphi, some proposed measures were identified from a review of the related literature. In the first round, content validity ratio values were determined for each indicator and accountability assessment was the made by the group of experts. In the second round of Delphi, item-content validity index determinations were made according to relevance and clarity of the indicators. In the third final round, confirmation of indicators was made by the group of experts.
The four main domains of organization and performance, educational activities, research activities and cooperation in health services in society and region, were confirmed using the Delphi method. Finally, 58 objective indicators were listed for these 4 domains.
Determination of national criteria for evaluating social accountability is a major step toward improving accountability in medical training institutions. Evaluations for medical training institutions based on criteria derived from this study were determined as efficient. But further research is needed on function of the mentioned criteria in relation to fulfilling the needs of society.

The formation of social contracts in formal and informal figures is a sign of the efforts of individuals in a society to put civil society on the path of development. Customer service, appropriate services and implementation of services have been identified and analyzed as identified factors in order to optimize the development path. In recent years, one of the problems in Iran is the collapse of the economy and reduced entrepreneurial growth. And it has been the start-up businesses, because many entrepreneurs in Iran have not considered the factor of market penetration and market development and have set the main goal of starting a business to generate income. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics and determine an appropriate framework for social accountability of Iranian public sector organizations based on market development methods. Because by optimizing the accountability framework and correcting the mistakes in organizations, we can have a more organized system for accountability.

Social accountability is one of the new managerial requirements in governing countries, especially democratic societies. Social accountability within law enforcement agencies as service organizations is not an option but a strategic necessity. This study aims to explain the pattern of social accountability of the police. The main question of the research is: what is the pattern of social accountability of the police?

This research is a survey research and in terms of data collection method is a field research. The statistical population included commanders and law enforcement personnel, of whom 260 people were selected by simple sampling method as the sample size.

The results showed that the situation of social accountability in police organizations is not favorable. In addition, the model of police social accountability includes variables of mission type, organizational culture and organizational reputation as a causal factor, servant leadership style and technology-based organization and employee willingness as mediating factors and environmental complexity and environmental instability as moderating factors.

Finally, the model of social accountability of the police has been developed. Developing an organizational citizenship charter, participatory decision-making with the presence of the public, and paying attention to the role of the media and service leadership style and organizational culture encourage social accountability as strategies to strengthen social accountability in police organizations. Keywords: Accountability, Social Responsibility, Organizational Accountability

Organizational justice is especially important because of its significant effects on employee's attitudes and behaviors in health care organizations. Responsiveness of the healthcare system is also an important issue and it is something that is very important for policy-makers and health managers. This paper aimed to study the relationship between organizational justice and its components and social responsiveness in the hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2016.
This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 5 teaching hospitals at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this study, 245 hospital staff were selected in order to review their responsiveness toward 228 inpatients to measure organizational justice. The data-collection instruments were Bioger and World Health Organization questionnaires for organizational justice and responsiveness measurement, respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The level of significance was determined at 0.05 using SPSS software and the statistical test employed was Pearson correlation.
The mean of organizational justice and social responsiveness were 58.10 ± 11.56 and 77.9 ± 11.62, respectively. There was a significant correlation between organizational justice and social responsiveness (r = 0.5, p = 0.03).
According to the results, the status of organizational justice and responsiveness were assessed at a moderate and good level, respectively. Therefore, in order to improve perceived justice, adopting policies such as modifying payment mechanisms, reviewing decision-making processes, and improving the communication between supervisors and employees that will increase the level of responsiveness are recommended.

Today, most people expect social demands from organizations. They move toward social expectations in line with accountability. Many social experts have emphasized on the importance of learning in organizations. The aim of this research is studying the impact of organizational learning on economic and social accountability of Tehran Municipality. Case study is Tehran Municipality districts 1, 6, 8, 19, and 22 and 255 high-ranked and average managers are the population of this research. The reliability of data collection tool was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha and estimated 0.98. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient, sample T test, T statistics in SPSS and LISREL were used for data collection. Confirmatory Factor analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were used for studying construct validity of the questionnaire and testing the hypothesis and model fitting concept respectively. According to the obtained results, there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational learning and social accountability. Multiple coefficient of determination (R2) shows that the variable of organizational learning could predict 0.69 percent of social accountability.

Urban spaces have a variety of functions, one of the most important of which is social function. The social function of space is one of the most important functions of urban spaces that creates the possibility of engaging in meaningful interactions with society, forming a sense of place and the opportunity to gather and enjoy the experience with others as citizens. Therefore, considering the importance of the social function of urban spaces, the purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the desirability of these functions in District 12 of Tehran Metropolis. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and analytical-exploratory in nature. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling method was used in AMOS Software. The statistical population of the study also included the citizens of District 12 of Tehran, and the sample size was 384 based on Cochran's formula and a simple random sampling method. Findings show that the degrees of desirability of social functions of urban spaces in District 12 of Tehran, i.e., social interaction, commitment, social belonging (integration with space) and social accountability have been obtained to be 0.62, 0.49 and 0.41, respectively based on the structural equation modeling. Also, the results of the partial index of critical and P values in the structural model show that the status of social interaction variables in District 12 was desirable at 95% confidence level with the critical value of 2.37 (i.e., above 1.96). Moreover, social response variable with a critical value of 1.52 (i.e., less than 1.96) was unfavorable and social responsiveness with a critical value of 1.99 was relatively desirable.