This present article aims at examining a narratological study of the inner plot of selected stories of Masnavi-Ma’navi –namely, “The Parrot and the Merchant”, “The Snake and the Snake-Catcher”, and “Students and their Teacher”- on the basis of Aristotle’s theories as discussed in his seminal work Poetics. Introducing Aristotle as the founder of narratology and using his ideas about an effective plot as discussed in Poetics, we aim at investigating the moral lessons conveyed through the use of the two Aristotelian concepts of Peripetia and Anagnorisis. The selected stories contain the fifth and sixth forms of Aristotelian discovery, the most effective forms of discovery, which are formed either through the natural sequence of events, the false inference, or deception of the characters. The article tries to answer the question: Are Aristotelian theories of Peripetia and Anagnorisis applicable to Mowlana’s narrative poetry? This research has profited from comparative and analytical methodology.

Today, one of the most crucial problems that researchers, translators and students of Arabic and Persian literature, and those interested in the literary studies of fiction, confront is the inaccessibility of proper equivalents for the literary terms in this field. The discrepancy, innumerability and disharmony among the employed literary expressions in literary criticism and analyses of fictional texts are often influenced by such factors as the imported modern fiction literature, the taste-based and inexpert translation of some terms and the absence of authentic dictionaries and encyclopedias.This research with this objective to clarify and reduce the ambiguities and the meaning loss of critical fictional terms intends to analyze and evaluate their authenticity, accuracy and comprehensiveness. This will hopefully be achieved through collecting and investigating the roots of some existing scattered and incongruent expression and equivalents in the critical text. Then it attempted to propose some terms with regard to their wide usage. The importance of this study depends on its respose to the above-mentioned complex problem.

The main objective of this paper is to analyze and critically study the viewpoints of Imamiya jurisprudents with emphasis on Imam Khomeini and Sunni jurisprudents’ approaches to the flaw in the short stay ritual in the two sites (Arafah and Mash’ar). The data was collected from library sources and analyzed through descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the research indicate that according to the Imamiya jurisprudence, if a purposeful flaw – minor or major – occurs regarding the intent, time, place and quality of the short stay ritual in the two sites, it will lead to invalidation of the short stay ritual as well as the invalidation of the Hajj pilgrimage. But, if the pilgrim has some acceptable excuses regarding some minor parts, it does not undermine the validity of the short stay ritual in the two sites. According to the Sunni jurisprudence, any intentional flaw in the short stay ritual in Arafah will invalidate the short stay ritual and consequently invalidates the Hajj pilgrimage. However, in the short stay ritual in Mash’ar, since it is not a pillar, purposful or mistaken flaws would not invalidate the short stay ritual and thereof would not invalidate the hajj pilgrimage.

Khajeh Kasani is known to have been one of the influential figures in Naqshbandi school, who was influenced by the sages of this school in theoretical and practical mysticism. Explaining the principles of Khawjegan school, he enriched the nature of the school with his works and influenced the school with critical and enlightening views. This research aims to compare the formative principles of Naqshbandi Ahrari school with those of Khajeh Ahmad in a descriptive-analytical method relying on library resources and manuscripts. It is shown that the main doctrine of this school is based on attaining awareness and consciousness considered to be available in all eleven principles of this school. The principles of belief are consciousness at the moment, glance at paving, paving in the innateness, isolation in community, reminiscence, returning, maintenance, storing, numerical mastery, temporal mastery, and heartfelt mastery. Kasani explained seven principles of consciousness at the moment, glance at paving, paving in the innateness, isolation in community, reminiscence, returning, and maintenance, and regarded the four other principles dependent on those seven. Although Kasani described the teaching of Naghshbandi to express these seven principles, adhering to his predecessors, he made subtle differences in explaining these principles, the theme of which originates from his view on innate transference.

Different ideas on the crescent moon of Dhuʻl-Hijjah is one of the most important and influential issues regarding Hajj and this question is always raised that what the obligatory ruling and status of waqf in Arafat with the Sunnis and other rituals are. According to Imam Khomeini, under the conditions of taqiyyah, performing Hajj rituals with the Sunnis is obligatory and the performed rituals are accepted, whether being doubtful in the proof of the crescent or certain. Rather, not accompanying the Sunnis and the validity of waqf on the day of Arafat is a source of the problem. This study tries to explain Imam Khomeini’s point of view on this issue and the relevant documents.

Geometry has always had high status in the world of tradition. Its status is emphasized even by the Islamic religious resources. According to some Islamic scholars, the notion of "Ghadr al-maloom" (the defined quantity) in the holy Quran refers to geometry and measurement. This testifies to the sacredness of mathematics, arithmetic, and geometry in Islamic worldview. Islamic scholars believe that the sacredness of mathematics and geometry appears nowhere more clearly than in art where the matter is dignified by geometry and arithmetic. In the Iranian Islamic architecture geometry played a prominent role, to the point that, scholars like Farabi in categorizing the sciences of their time, put architecture and mechanics under the category of practical geometry, while geometry itself was categorized as a branch of mathematics. Some scholars believe that in Iranian architecture especially in Timurid period geometry is not just a means to achieve a goal; rather it is a goal in itself. Geometry is a hidden meaning in this architecture and an aesthetic standard for that. This paper aims to explore, discover, and describe the geometrical structure of Gereh-work, and to compare its order with the order present in natural constructions. The descriptive method is utilized to do so. This research has this idea as its hypothesis that the reason why there is a noticeable similarity between some aspects of traditional architecture and some natural constructions is not a direct copying from nature, instead is the use of geometry and possessing remarkable mastery of the geometrical principles that are fundamental in creation of natural entities. In this research, first the relevant literature is reviewed. Here the history of Gereh, different types of Gerehs, and the methods for designing and drawing them are reviewed. Regarding their expansion methods two types of them are recognized: Gerehs with a periodic order and Gerehs with a quasi-periodic order. Then the geometrical order of the structure of alloy AL70.Ni15.Co15 is compared with that of a decagonal Gereh. After that, the quasi-periodic order of self-similar Gerehs (Shah Gerehs) is compared with that of quasi-crystals. To do that, the Shah Gereh of the western Iwan of Jame' mosque of Isfahan was used as a sample of self-similar Gerehs and the element of silicon was selected as a sample of quasi-crystals. This comparison illustrates an evident similarity between the two samples. According to the findings of this research the structure of this alloy can be overlaid with obtuse and acute Gerehs in three different scales. One of the primary findings of this research is that the intelligent use of geometry by the Muslim artisans has caused their art to resemble astonishingly to crystals and quasi-crystals which are believed to be the most accurate creatures of the material world. Furthermore, it becomes obvious that this similarity between Gerehs and microscopic structure of quasi-crystals is not brought about by direct copying from nature because the traditional architects were not able to observe these microscopic structures. Therefore, the vital role of geometry in traditional Islamic architecture is emphasized again.

components of Metacognitive beliefs. In a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive design, 224 college students, 116 female and 108 male students, in Semnan University were selected through simple random sampling, and completed the Demographical Information Questionnaire, Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38), and Metacognitions Questionnaire(MCQ-30). The data were analyzed through correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. Results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between positive beliefs about worry, beliefs about Uncontrollability and danger of thoughts, beliefs about the need in controlling the Thoughts, cognitive self-consciousness and psychological well-being. Furthermore, there was a significant positive relationship between the above mentioned variables and psychological distress. Beliefs about the need in controlling the thoughts, beliefs about Uncontrollability and danger of thoughts, and cognitive self-consciousness are capable of predicting psychological well-being in college students; they, in total, account for 32% of psychological well-being. Cognitive self-consciousness, beliefs about Uncontrollability and danger of thoughts, and positive beliefs about worry are capable of predicting psychological distress in college students; they, in total, account for 36% of psychological distress. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that positive beliefs about worry, beliefs about Uncontrollability and danger of thoughts, beliefs about the need in controlling the thoughts, and cognitive self-consciousness are important factors in decreasing psychological well-being and in increasing psychological distress in college students.