The aim of this study was finding a structural model of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and perfectionism in gifted teenagers: the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs and parental popularity. The method of the study was correlation based on structural equation modeling; moreover, it was a functional study. The population of this study was all girls attending SAMPAD schools in Tehran during the school year 2020-2021. Based on the available samples and after omitting incomplete questionnaires, 300 students were selected as the final sample, and the popularity of parents’ questionnaire (PPS), metacognitive beliefs questionnaire (MCQ-30), Perfectionism Scale (MPS), questionnaire of early maladaptive schemas (MPSQ) had been used as measurement tools. Collected data had been analyzed using structural equation modeling and multilevel analysis in the HLM software. Testing the model revealed that the direct effect of popularity of parents (0.22) and metacognitive beliefs (-0.21) on positive perfectionism was positive and negative, respectively, and the direct effect of popularity of parents (-0.47) and metacognitive beliefs (0/19) on negative perfectionism was negative and positive, respectively. Maladaptive schemas had effects of parent popularity and metacognitive beliefs with a coefficient of (-0.49) and (0.23), respectively, and a significance of 0.001. Indirect effects also showed that maladaptive schemas can cause positive perfectionism with a coefficient of (-0.15) with the mediating role of parent popularity and metacognitive beliefs and negative perfectionism with a coefficient of (0.27). Therefore, it can be concluded that the model tested in this study supports the theoretical model and this model can be used for perfectionism.

Experts have mentioned various characteristics for human beings and the awaiting society. "Perfectionism" is an innate trait that, from Imam Khomeini''s point of view, human beings and the awaiting society must strengthen it within itself. The question of this research is what is the origin of this perfectionism in Imam Khomeini''s thought? What are its dimensions and characteristics and what are its accessories and how can a connection be made between this characteristic and the issue of awaiting? To answer this question, the method of "content analysis" has been employed. Imam Khomeini''s material (including books, lectures, messages, and conversations) on perfectionism and awaiting has been analyzed. Based on Imam Khomeini''s thought, man and the awaiting society must strengthen the innate desire for perfection in themselves, and it requires several things: knowing the perfect man and his promised and desirable society, strengthening the desire for the perfect man and the perfect society, and finally, trying to realize the ideals and values ​​of Imam of the Time (may God hasten his appearance) They will rise to realize it. The most important action in this direction is the establishment of the Islamic government.

Perfectionism means setting very high and absolute standards and criteria in various areas of human life and action, defined on a predetermined path in order to achieve a certain goal. Moving on the path of mystical behavior requires adherence to certain rules and principles in order to achieve the necessary quality to reach extinction and absolute truth. Attar sets very high and difficult standards and expectations for the salik, and this situation extends to the salik's personal and social life as well. Anxiety and perfectionism have a two-way and mutual relationship, and their roots can be traced back to the poet's existential anxiety in dealing with the qualitative and abstract path of behavior. The anxiety resulting from decline, the inherent and omnipresent absoluteness of God, the failure of man to claim his place in heaven and the anxiety of dependence on the lowest possible point, are reflected in the realm of Attar's thought as an attempt to compensate to the maximum and restore the dignity of man. The main result of Attar's perfectionism is the binary thinking or the "all or nothing" that does not accept being in the middle of the path of the path and only accepts reaching the end of the path. Religious obsession or scrupulousness and emphasis on acts of worship that go beyond religious rules are other results of perfectionism. By narrating the story of the perfectionism of the mystics and Sufism, Attar recreates his original view on the quality of behavior and the way the salik moves.

The aim of this study was to predict the psychological well-being of mothers of children with special learning disabilities based on their perfectionism and life hope in Bonab. The present study was a correlational study. The statistical population of the present study consisted of mothers of children with special learning disabilities and the research sample consisted of 80 mothers who were selected by convenience sampling. Snyder's Hope Questionnaire (SHQ), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), and Reef Psychological Well-Being Scale (RPWBS) were used to collect data. For data analysis, correlation coefficient significance test and stepwise regression analysis were used. The results indicate that life hope has a direct and significant relationship with psychological well-being and self-centered perfectionism, has a significant inverse relationship with psychological well-being (P<0.01). The results of linear regression analysis also showed that self-centered perfectionism and life hope are 44% of the variance related to psychological well-being. The findings of the present study can pave the way for further research on the role of personality and psychological structures on the psychological well-being of mothers of children with special needs in the future.

With attention to considered various cognitive factors in psychopathology of obsessive- compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, the aim of this study was comparison of Thought Action Fusion (TAF), responsibility and the overestimation of threat (RT), and over importance and Control Thoughts (ICT), Perfectionism and The Intolerance of Uncertainty (PC) cognitive beliefs in Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Major Depression Disorder (MDD) and normal group to more clarification psychopathology of these disorders.
This study is causal-comparative research. The clinical samples include patients referred from January to June 2016 to Sari Shahid Zareh hospital in this regard. From each of these groups, 30 individuals were selected from hospitals and clinics of Sari and 30 individuals were selected accomplish obsessive beliefs questionnaire and thought action fusion scale. Data were analyzed by MANOVA.
The results of MANOVA and Tukey posthoc test showed that OCD group was significantly higher than other groups in TAF, RT and ICT (P0.086). Also, the results showed that all of these cognitive beliefs OCD and GAD groups were significantly higher than depression and normal groups (P According to these results, it seems that TAF, RT and ICT are more specific for OCD, but about PC there isn’t this specialty and it is common cognitive vulnerability in OCD and GAD.

The nature of “Man’s perfection”, as a critical issue in anthropology, has always been inquired into by Thinkers. Holding a particular theist view, the process theologians believe that human perfection is realized by becoming God-like. Though this view is consistent with those of Allamah Tabatabai and Ayatullah Mesbah Yazdi, it departs from them in the quality of Man’s perfection which is validly related to the way God is explicated. The adherent of the process theology believe that God is passible, mutable and evolving thus believe in human perfection in an evolution that emerge as a result of co-dependence on others. Thus, in their view God-likeness is faded and obscured. The current study adopted a descriptive-analytical method in a critical approach to prove that the underpinnings of such a view is unfounded and incompatible with some rational rule such as the impossibility of an infinite regress. Another criticism to which this view is subjected is leaving human perfection dependent upon environmental conditions and equate it with constancy of evolution while unknowing of the ultimate state or purpose of this perfectionism.

Human is perfectionist in nature. Exerting excessive care in choosing lexical items and their targeted usage in the texts as well as moral and instructional emphasis on employing proper discourse are manifestations of human perfectionism and integration of aestheticism and perfectionism in language. A perfectionist man not only selects best and most proper lexical units for use but also naturally craves for hearing them. Respecting human dignity and observing etiquettes of respect and morality are logic behind language euphemism, language aestheticism and language excellence. Hebrew as the language of a divine book which enjoys historical and linguistic value is full of proper and good lexical items. Too, both Persian prose and verse (that is affected by holy Quran) have same feature and adopt rhetorical and technical techniques to beautify Persian worth and suit the audiences’ taste.

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most prevalent inflammatory disease of the joints in addition to physical disability, psychological distress is frequently seen in these patients; The aim of this study was to prevalence of Obsessive beliefs in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients and compared with healthy peoples. In a causal-comparative study, 100 persons (50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 50 healthy peoples were selected using convenience sampling method and Demographic questionnaires and Obsessive beliefs (OBQ-44) completed. Data using descriptive statistics and statistical analysis Independent T-test were analyzed.The results showed that 92% of RA patients were eligible and obsessive beliefs and about the components of obsessive beliefs 88% in the field of "Perfection and certainty", 84% in the field of "responsibility and risk assessment and threat", 50% in the field of "the importance and thought control", 42% in the field of "common factor" and 8% in the field of "completing the" obsessive beliefs were eligible. Compare the two groups showed that in the field of "obsessive beliefs (total)", "Perfection and certainty", "sense of responsibility and threat assessment" and "common cause" significant differences, but on "the importance of thought control" and "Full perform the" difference was not significant.

Lumbar Discopathy is a common and costly disease and the leading cause of physical disability and psychological distress. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of obsessive beliefs in Lumbar Discopathy patients with healthy peoples.
This is a causal-comparative study. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 100 participants, namely, 50 patients with Lumbar Discopathy and 50 healthy. The research instruments were demographic questionnaires and Obsessive beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44). Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the data.
The results showed that 86% of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients had obsessive beliefs as follows: 98% had obsessive beliefs in the field of "Perfection and certainty"; 90% in the subscale of "responsibility and risk assessment and threat"; 52% in the field of "the importance and thought control"; 40% in the field of "common factor" and 8% in the subscale of “perfectionism”. Comparison between the two groups showed significant differences in "obsessive beliefs (total)" (p It can be concluded that patients suffering from Lumbar Discopathy are more prone to obsessive beliefs. Therefore, psychological treatment is suggested for such patients.