مجله پژوهش های کاربردی روانشناختی
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1401)

The purpose of this study was to test the proposed model of the relationship between mindfulness and academic performance with the mediation of social-emotional competence. The research method was fundamental in purpose and correlation and structural equation analysis in data collection. The statistical population included 23,681 people (12,556 girls, 11,125 boys) of the second grade of elementary school in the academic year 2018-2019, and a sample of 380 subjects (225 girls and 155 boys) was selected using cluster sampling. Research instruments included the Mindfulness, Attention, and Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Social-Emotional Competence Questionnaire (SECQ), and the Academic Performance Test (APT). Structural equation model analysis using SPSS version 22 and LISREL version 8.8 was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the proposed model had a good fit with the data. The results indicated that the direct effect of mindfulness on the components of social-emotional competence was positive and significant. The direct effect of social-emotional competence on academic performance was also positive. The results indicated that the components of social-emotional competence had a significant mediating role between mindfulness and academic performance. The results suggest that high levels of mindfulness play an effective role in enhancing social-emotional competencies and that improving children’s social-emotional competencies has a positive effect on academic performance.

The purpose of this study was to identify how the child perceives the performance of a good parent in satisfying basic psychological needs. The qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach was used in the present study. Based on purposive sampling conducted in 2019-2020, 40 children (20 girls and 0-2 boys) aged 9 to 12 years participated in this study for semi-structured and in-depth interviews. The questions were arranged in 9 main axes and 13 axes according to the self-determination theory. The Colaizzi method was used for the analysis. The analysis resulted in 5 main themes and 20 subthemes and 144 basic concepts. The main themes included autonomy, experience of competence, association, participation, and order. It can be concluded that self-determination theory and childrens perception of the environment that satisfies basic needs are interrelated. The results suggest that children believe or perceive that good parents are able to meet five psychological needs, including autonomy, competence, affiliation, participation, and order, and attempt to meet these needs through interaction with children. It can be concluded that self-determined theory and children's perception that the environment meets basic needs are related.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of basic psychological needs in the relationship between family function and happiness. The research population consisted of all students living in the residence of Alzahra University in Tehran during 2019-2020. 300 of them were selected by convenience sampling method. The research method was descriptive-correlative type. In the present study, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data, skewness and elongation were used to determine the normality of the data, and path analysis was used to evaluate the proposed model. The questionnaires used in this study were the short version of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ_SF), the Family Assessment Device (FAD), and the Psychological Basic Needs Questionnaire (BPNS) (.SPSS 24 and AMOS 24 software were used. The results showed that all subscales of family functioning were significantly correlated with happiness. The proposed modified empirical model showed good fit indices. According to this model, family functioning (problem solving, family roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, behavioral control, general functioning) showed direct and indirect effects on happiness. In addition, basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) had a partial mediating role in the relationship between family functioning and happiness.

The aim of this study was finding a structural model of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and perfectionism in gifted teenagers: the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs and parental popularity. The method of the study was correlation based on structural equation modeling; moreover, it was a functional study. The population of this study was all girls attending SAMPAD schools in Tehran during the school year 2020-2021. Based on the available samples and after omitting incomplete questionnaires, 300 students were selected as the final sample, and the popularity of parents’ questionnaire (PPS), metacognitive beliefs questionnaire (MCQ-30), Perfectionism Scale (MPS), questionnaire of early maladaptive schemas (MPSQ) had been used as measurement tools. Collected data had been analyzed using structural equation modeling and multilevel analysis in the HLM software. Testing the model revealed that the direct effect of popularity of parents (0.22) and metacognitive beliefs (-0.21) on positive perfectionism was positive and negative, respectively, and the direct effect of popularity of parents (-0.47) and metacognitive beliefs (0/19) on negative perfectionism was negative and positive, respectively. Maladaptive schemas had effects of parent popularity and metacognitive beliefs with a coefficient of (-0.49) and (0.23), respectively, and a significance of 0.001. Indirect effects also showed that maladaptive schemas can cause positive perfectionism with a coefficient of (-0.15) with the mediating role of parent popularity and metacognitive beliefs and negative perfectionism with a coefficient of (0.27). Therefore, it can be concluded that the model tested in this study supports the theoretical model and this model can be used for perfectionism.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of compassion-focused face-to-face therapy and compassion-focused virtual reality therapy on marital burnout. It was applied using a quasi-experimental research design with pretest, posttest, follow-up, and control group. The statistical population included all married men of Mobarakeh Steel Company in Isfahan who showed symptoms of marital burnout in 2020. Then, 30 people were selected from them and randomly assigned to three groups: Face-to-Face Therapy, Virtual Reality Therapy, and Control Group (10 people in each group). The research instruments were the Couple Burnout Questionnaire (CBQ) and the face-to-face and virtual reality therapies, which were conducted individually in seven 45-minute sessions. Data analysis was performed using the repeated measures analysis of variance test in SPSS.26 software. The results showed that both therapies lead to a reduction in marital burnout and its components (p < 0.05) and that the effect of face-to-face therapy is greater than that of virtual reality therapy on marital burnout, mental exhaustion and physical exhaustion. For the emotional exhaustion component, both therapies were equally effective. In addition, virtual reality therapy had no significant effect on physical exhaustion (p > 0.05). The results also showed the persistence of both therapies in the follow-up phase. Considering the effectiveness of virtual reality in the therapy of burnout, this technology can be used to treat marital burnout.

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that explain cultural differences in cognitive functions and to examine the characteristics of these factors in Iranian culture. This research is basic in its objectives and was conducted using a qualitative research method and the technique of document analysis. The official website of PsychNet, PubMed, Elsevier, Noormags, Ensani Portal and SID were used to search for articles. After searching for keywords, the statistical population of this study included the first 100 articles from each of these databases and a total of 600 articles published between 2000 and 2020. A total of 67 manuscripts met the criteria to be included in the analysis. Documentary analysis was conducted using the method of Altheide & Schneider (2013). The results indicated 35 cultural characteristics that could be considered to explain cultural differences in cognitive function. These 35 primary characteristics were divided into 3 categories: 1. linguistic characteristics such as speech rate and phonological similarity; 2. family and educational characteristics such as parental framework and parenting styles; 3. values and norms such as social orientation and self-concept. In each of the above categories, Iranian society had its own exclusive characteristics, and the subjects influenced Iranian children's cognitive functions differently from other cultures. This study may have many implications for cognitive training and future research.

The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between psychological needs and lifelong learning literacy. The present study was conducted in a descriptive manner to identify the relationships among variables in the form of a structural model in the correlational research design; therefore, the relationships among variables were tested in the form of a structural model. The statistical population included all twelfth grade high school students in Abhar (Iran) who were studying in the academic year 2020-2021. Among them, 435 students (51 males and 385 females) were selected by multistage cluster random sampling and answered the questionnaires on basic psychological needs (BNSG-S), psychological capital (PCQ), and lifelong learning literacy (LLL). The data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method with Amos-24, and the combined reliability method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. The results showed that the direct relationship between psychological needs and psychological capital (P < 0.001, β = 0.73) and the direct relationship between psychological capital and lifelong learning literacy (P ≤ 0.001, β = 0.70). Psychological capital also fully mediated the relationship between basic psychological needs and lifelong learning literacy, so that by satisfying more basic psychological needs of students, their psychological capital could be fertilized. As a result, their lifelong learning literacy increased.

The aim of this study was to compare the asymmetry of QEEG brainwaves in frontal areas between people with obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, and normal people.The statistical population of this study consisted of all individuals with major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder who were referred to the psychiatric clinic of Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil in 2019. 15 persons with major depressive disorder (8 females and 7 males) and 15 persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder (5 females and 10 males) were selected according to the available sampling method, and 15 persons from the patients’ companions (7 females and 8 males) were selected in the same way and participated in this study. The Psychiatric Diagnosis and Structured Clinical Interview (SCID), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-ll), and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCI) by Foa et al. (2002) were used for data collection. In the next phase, QEEG registration was conducted in the psychology laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardabili University and the data were analyzed using SPSS25 software and Norogide software. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the research data. The degree of asymmetry of delta waves (F = 11.129), theta waves (F = 8.128), alpha waves (F = 3.810), and beta waves (F = 6.956) among the three groups of people with depressive disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and normal people differs significantly in level (P < 0.001). The results of this study may be an important step to evaluate the therapeutic response and guide therapeutic strategies, including medication, brain stimulation, neurofeedback, or other rehabilitations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group games on the moral judgment of third grade male elementary students. In this applied research, a pre-test-post-test with control group was conducted. The research population consisted of all third grade elementary school students in Nourabad Delfan enrolled in the school year 2021-2022. The samples consisted of third generation boys selected through product sampling. The subjects were 30 male students randomly divided into two groups of 15. Moral Judgment questionnaires (MJT) were used in the pretest phase. After protocol validation, the experimental group entered into group games based on the protocol in 10 sessions of 50 minutes and the control group did not participate in the experimental conditions. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. SPSS 10 software was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups after the pretest was removed and that the average ethical judgment of the entire experimental group had increased. The effect size (ŋ =0.802) confirms the high influence of group games in explaining the variance in students’ ethical judgment. Consequently, group games can be used as part of the empowerment.

This research was conducted to evaluate the model of relationship between mindfulness and marital satisfaction with mediating marital empathy among married female under occupied in Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation of Ahvaz. This study is applied in terms of purpose and has a correlational design. One hundred and fifty married women employed in Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation of Ahvaz were selected in 2018 using purposive and voluntary sampling method. The data collection instruments used were Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Marital Empathy Scale (MES) and Marital Satisfaction Scale (MSS). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, simultaneous hierarchical regression analysis, and SPSS-23 statistical software. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between the variables mindfulness and marital empathy, mindfulness and marital satisfaction, and marital empathy and marital satisfaction (p < 0.001). Simultaneous hierarchical regression analysis using Baron and Kenny’s method also revealed that marital empathy was a positive mediator variable between mindfulness and marital satisfaction. The results suggest that women’s understanding and empathy in different ways, such as verbal and nonverbal behaviors, lead them to be aware of their partner’s demands and needs and to try to understand their feelings and emotions, which in turn leads to the couple feeling good about each other.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the “Civility, Respect & Engagement in Workplace (CREW)” intervention on employees’ relational energy and well-being by controlling for extroversion. The study was an applied and quasi-experimental study with a pretest/posttest and control group design. The statistical population consisted of all employees at the headquarters of Isfahan Gas Company in 2019, which amounted to 610 individuals (95 females and 515 males). The research sample consisted of 30 volunteers (23 males and 7 females) who participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The instruments used in this research were the Relational Energy Questionnaire )REQ(, the Employee Well-Being Questionnaire (EWBQ), and NEO Personality Inventory) NEO-PI). The “civility, respect & engagement at Work” intervention was delivered in 8 sessions lasting 90 minutes for the experimental group, while the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using the MANCOVA method of SPSS version 23. The results indicate that the CREW intervention improved employees’ relationship energy and well-being in the posttest by controlling extroversion. Thus, managers can develop employees’ relationship energy and well-being and support them by implementing the CREW intervention.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of choice theory and reality therapy training on reducing aggression and negative emotions in female adolescents. According to this study, a semi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test was conducted with a control group. 28 female students of 10th and 11th grade from two schools in Amol in 2016-2017 school year were selected by available sampling method and non-randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data were collected using the Novaco Aggression Questionnaire (AGQ), a short form of the Depression and Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) in a two-stage pretest and posttest. The experimental group received eight sessions of reality therapy, while the control group did not. The collected data were analyzed using MANCOVA. The results showed that reality therapy reduced aggression components, but not depression, anxiety, and stress (p<0.05). According to the research findings, we can use choice theory and reality therapy training to reduce aggression and increase sense of responsibility in female adolescents.

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based group stress reduction training on premenstrual symptoms and anxiety in women. This study was a practical and quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest follow-up and a control group. The statistical population of this study included all female students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch in 2017, of which 30 eligible subjects were selected by the purposive sampling method and replaced into two experimental and control groups. The study instruments were measurement of the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (MPSS) by Delara et al. (2011) and the Cattell Anxiety Scale (CAS). After the implementation of 8 sessions of Cognitive Disease-Based Mindfulness Therapy in the experimental group, the data obtained from the implementation of questionnaires in three phases: Pretest, Posttest, and Follow-up, were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with SPSS version 22. The results showed that group mindfulness training decreased premenstrual symptoms (F=34.46, P=0.0001) and anxiety (F=33.54, P=0.0001) in female students, and the effectiveness of the mindfulness method was maintained in the three-month follow-up period. The results of the present study indicate that mindfulness-based group training is an effective method to reduce premenstrual symptoms and anxiety.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the experiences and communication responses of couples in Covid-19 crisis. This research was conducted with a basic aim and a qualitative approach, using a descriptive phenomenological design. The statistical population of the study includes all couples living in Tehran who were in domestic quarantine in 2020. The sampling was purposive and available and included 10 couples. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview and the analysis of the results was conducted using the Klaizi method. Analysis of the interview data led to the identification and classification of 35 primary concepts and 6 subthemes (disruptive systematic marital experiences, disruption of the quality and balance of sexual intercourse, positive and pleasant marital experiences, individual strategies-couples adapting to quarantine conditions, Psychological predispositions to the occurrence and exacerbation of marital problems in quarantine, Environmental predispositions to the occurrence and exacerbation of marital problems in quarantine) and 1 were the main themes of the experiences and communication responses of couples in domestic quarantine of Covid-19 disease. These findings led to the disclosure of communication experiences (positive-negative) between couples. Certainly, the clarification of these experiences can be the basis for the design and implementation of educational, prevention and treatment plans aimed at maintaining the stability of the family institution and also strengthening the quality of marital relationships.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on paranoid thoughts in women with postpartum depression, and the aim was practical. The method of this paper was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a 3-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all women with postpartum depression who presented to health centers in the western part of Alborz province in 2019. From the community, 45 of these patients, whose depression was confirmed using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), were selected by an available sampling method and by random sampling into two groups for experiments and a control group (15 people in each group) were included. For the pretest-posttest follow-up, all groups voluntarily answered the Persian version of the Green Paranoid Thoughts Scale (GPTS), and members of experimental group 1 received cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions, and members of experimental group 2 received acceptance and commitment therapy. However, the control group received no intervention. Analysis of covariance and Bonferroni test were performed using spss-24 software. The means and standard deviations of paranoid thoughts were 116.76±10.76 at pretest, 106.29±12.31 at posttest, and 99.04±21.38 at follow-up. The mean scores of the cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment groups were also lower than those of the control group at posttest and follow-up. The mean difference between the cognitive-behavioral experimental groups and the control group was not significant (P=0.158), but the mean difference between the acceptance and commitment therapy experimental groups and the control group was significant (P=0.000). The results were repeated in the follow-up mode. Considering the significant efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy, it is recommended that this treatment should be considered as the preferred treatment for reducing paranoid thoughts in women with postpartum depression.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy skills on anxiety and depression symptoms in university students. The research method was an experimental method of data collection and was applied purposively. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male high school students in the city of Kavar during the 2019-20 academic year, and 30 students with moderate to high scores for anxiety and depression were selected. The sampling procedure was multistage cluster randomization. An adolescent dialectical behavior therapy skills protocol was used to deliver the interventions. In addition, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used for data collection. The validity of the instrument was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (AMOS software version 24), the reliability of the instrument was examined using Cronbach’s alpha (SPSS software version 24), and the significance of the training performed was examined using MANCOVA (SPSS software version 24). The results of the MANCOVA statistical analysis showed that teaching dialectical behavior therapy skills had a significant effect on reducing students' anxiety. However, it had no significant effect on reducing students’ depression. In general, it can be concluded that dialectical behavioral therapy techniques can be used to reduce students' anxiety, but teaching these techniques to reduce students’ depression requires further consideration.

The aim of this study was to develop an indigenous instrument to measure the well-being of Iranian adolescents based on the five-factor model of EPOCH (2016).

this study is a basic research in terms of descriptive survey method. The population consisted of high school students in Tehran who were selected in two phases, a total of 579 subjects (249 girls and 330 boys) who were randomly selected. In the first phase, after a literature review and selection of the theoretical model, 121 items were selected by experts from the original pool of 576 items. Then, Face validity was performed. In the second phase, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed for a 99-item scale. The results of the item analysis led to the deletion of 10 items. The exploratory factor analysis yielded five components that were consistent with the theoretical model. The results of the parallel analysis also indicated that the items were not randomly ordered and confirmed the results of the exploratory factor analysis. The correlation coefficient of the perseveration components with Procrastination Assessment Scale (PASS) was -0.52, Inventory of School Motivational (ISM) 0.52, and with the Peer Rejection Scale (PRS) -0.26. The internal consistency of the total score and subscales ranged from 0.79 to 0.94. Analyzes were performed with SPSS 20 software. The Adolescent Well-Being Scale has good psychometric properties, so it can be used for research purposes.

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between abuse experiences and body image dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. The present study was an applied and correlational method based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study was all female high school students in Tehran in the academic year 2019-2020. The sampling method of this study was a multistage cluster procedure. After distributing and collecting the questionnaires and removing the incomplete questionnaires, 218 subjects were finally analyzed. The data collection instruments were the Fisher Body Image Scale (FBIS), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the Experience of Abuse Questionnaire (CAQ). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation in Spss-24 software and path analysis in Amos-24 software. The results of the present study showed that there was a significant relationship between the experience of abuse and difficulties in emotion regulation and dissatisfaction with body image. In addition, there was a significant relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and dissatisfaction with body image. Path analysis also revealed the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties between abuse experience and body image dissatisfaction. Thus, the experience of child abuse causes body image dissatisfaction in adolescent girls by reinforcing difficulties in emotion regulation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS). The research method was descriptive and basic by objective. The study population was all clients of Tehran Counseling and Psychotherapy Center in 2020, of which 648, including 500 women and 148 men, were selected as the sample according to the available sampling method. The instruments used in this study were Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS), Brown and Ryan Mindfulness Scale (MAAS) and the second version of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-ll). The analysis of this study was performed by confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, and correlation coefficient using AMOS 24 and SPSS 24 software. According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, the final version included the awareness subscale (9 questions) and the acceptance subscale (7 questions). The fit indices of the final model were at the desired level. Concurrent validity of this instrument was confirmed with the Brown and Ryan Mindfulness Scale and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was 0/85 and 0/81 for the Mindfulness and Acceptance subscales and 0/55 for the entire scale, respectively. The Iranian Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) had good validity and reliability and can be used by therapists and researchers.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy using the "Hold Me Tight" method on attachment styles, marital adjustment, and sexual intimacy during the first five years of marriage. This research was conducted in terms of purpose and semi-experimental methodology in the form of pretest-posttest follow-up. The statistical population of this study included urban couples in 2020.Thirty-five couples agreed to participate in the study and were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group. Couples training consisted of 4 sessions of 4 hours each over 4 consecutive weeks. The measurement instruments were the Revised Adult Attachment Scale Collins and Reed (RAAS), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale Spinner (DAS), and the Standard Sexual Intimacy Questionnaire (SSIQ) of Botlani et al. For data analysis, the mixed method analysis was used with SPSS software version 24. In the present study, the interactive effect of time group on secure attachment style (P=0.001, F=10.87), ambivalent attachment style (P=0.011, F=5.80), dyadic satisfaction (P=0.002, F=8.06), dyadic correlation (P=0.001, F=7.92), and sexual intimacy (P=0.014, F=4.47) was significant. The results of the present study indicate that emotionally focused couples therapy using the Hold Me Tight method improves secure and ambivalent/anxious attachment styles and sexual intimacy in couples.