The purpose of this research is to evaluate and explain the role and position of local activists in the process of sustainable regeneration of inefficient and worn-out tissues of Mashhad.In this research, an attempt has been made to answer these questions, what is the role and position of different actors with special emphasis on local actors in the process of sustainable urban regeneration? And how do they play a role in this process? This research is conducted with a qualitative approach in order to determine the position and realization of cooperation between the actors of this process.The strategy of this research is a combination of case study and theorizing. Observation, interview and questionnaire (targeted sampling) techniques have been used to collect the required information.The results of this research show that according to the identification of 57 active actors and the division of actors into primary and secondary actors (16 homogeneous categories), different interests and interests as well as the power to influence other actors, it is necessary to change the attitude in their role based on Collaborative governance should be realized.. In this regard, it is necessary to emphasize the need for a joint plan and program to manage the actors of this process, and there should be a strong leadership to support the presence of all actors in this process.The investigations carried out in this research show that collaborative governance in the process of sustainable urban regeneration in Mashhad city occurs when both at the macro and strategic level and at the operational level, there is integrated interaction and coordination between actors based on a joint action plan to be considered and acted upon.

Despite considerable research on the analysis of texts, policy principles and practices by educational policy researchers in Iran, one missing link has been the lack of attention to the role of local actors in the educational policy development process. Accordingly, the purpose of this descriptive-analytical study was to analyze the role of educational leaders as local policy actors in interpreting, translating, and enacting educational policies with respect to different cultural, legal, political, institutional, and contextual interventions. The method of this study was descriptive-analytical. Take into consideration lack of scientific-academic and institutional evidence in the field of educational policy in Iran, the most recent foreign literature related to the research topic was used for data collection. In analyzing the findings, it was attempted to consider, in addition to the texts, the observations and experiences of the authors as one of the examples of educational policy enactment. The findings of this study show that, unlike traditional approaches that mainly insist on mere policy implementation, the policy enactment emphasize that educational policies are conditionally based, moderated, and sometimes ignored. policy type, power and positionality, space and time constraints, as well as different subjectivities, plays an important role in changing, modifying, and ignoring educational policies.

The study of new epidemics requires a structural and genealogical interpretation to analyze the background of its occurrence. The purpose of the current research is to understand the lived experience of activists from the perceived obstacles and benefits in the prevention of corona disease in Khuzestan province.

For this purpose, in the form of a qualitative design, 24 citizens were selected by purposive sampling and studied using in-depth semi-structured interviews, and finally, the data obtained from them were analyzed using the Clayzy method. Was analyzed.

The analysis of the participants' experiences led to 8 main themes, including a mythological view of the disease, ritualism, the role of local activists, lack of social belonging, finding a solution for the lost identity, the weakness of the media as a powerful mediator, lack of the supervision of officials is a lack of power instead of capability.

According to the findings, the role of structure-agency is important in adopting preventive behavior against the corona virus.

Implementation of Conservation Agriculture (CA) project is a process of multi-participation that involves actors from agricultural researchers and scientists, extension agents, private consulting firms, pioneer farmers, rural cooperatives, family members, peer farmers, etc. The social interactions between farmers and actors drive the CA development. Therefore, this study analyzes the social network structures and characteristics of various actors by social network analysis in seven processes of applying CA in Iran. The research sample was composed of farmers who participated in the CA project in three provinces of Fars, Golestan, and Khuzestan (n= 133). The research instrument was a questionnaire that was designed as a matrix. The findings showed that pioneer farmers, CA farmers, and family members were the main actors in the farmers' social network. It can be concluded that these actors were the main social power in applying CA principles by farmers and they constituted the main centrality of the farmers' social network. It means that farmers are more likely to interact with local actors, and they interact less with the government and the actors outside the rural community. Therefore, it can be recommended that social power should be identified and project management should be organized through them in attempts to implement CA.

The present study based on constructivism approach intends to discover and review the economic consequences of the oil and gas industry regarding the local beneficiaries’ attitudes. In this qualitative study,the data collection procedure has been done through in-depth interviews and the grounded theory method has been put in practice to analyze the collected data.19 rural governors of the central District of Sarakhs city have been interviewed .respecting a theoretical and purposeful sampling method and consequently the collected data were eventually coded and analyzed in the form of 27 fundamental categories and one core category.The research results indicate that according to the interpretations and experiences originated in the local actors’ (rural governors) minds, the oil and gas industry of this region has had various economic consequences.On the one hand, components such as lack of social mobility, lack of bargaining power, profiteering of companies, corporate influence and authority have provided the necessary causal conditions for the formation of a dual economic structure (core / periphery-based) in the oil and gas industry.On the other hand, regional discrimination has facilitated and strengthened the adoption of a non-indigenous approach, social inequality, and lack of oversight of these dual conditions(interfering factors). In the context of corporate privatization (contextual conditions), local governors react to this dual economic structure through two strategies; resistance (protest) and passivity (acceptance).The present study findings indicate that several economic consequences such as the emergence of new classes of people, labor exploitation, conflict of interest, identity conflict, temporary workforce, etc., have arisen in the areas of oil and gas industry.In such a circumstance, actors and the local community have either adapted and converged with the existing dual structure or have been led to incompatibility and divergence.