The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the addressee’s power and gender on the choice of the type and number of encouragement strategies employed by Persian male and female university students based on Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory. A number of 60 M.A. students (30 males and 30 females) from the University of Sistan and Baluchestan participated in this study. Discourse completion test and role play technique were utilized as two data gathering instruments. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Independent-T test (p<.05). The results indicated there was a significant relationship between the addressee’s power and the type as well as the number of encouragement strategies employed by male and female university students. The most frequent strategy type was the “negative politeness” giving deference for the addressee with higher power (the professor). As to the number of strategies, the most and less frequent ones were the combination of two and nine strategies, respectively. The addressee’s gender had an effect on the type of the strategies used by male students in three situations; while it didn’t have any effect on the number of strategies used by male students and also on the type and number of strategies employed by female students. The most frequent strategy type used by female students was the “positive politeness” and the combination of three strategies for male and female addressees; by male students: “positive politeness” for male addressees and “negative politeness” and the combination of two strategies for female addressees.

This article deals with the methodological relationship between problem design and methodology. The components of calcultive rationality are "domineering domination" of the environment based on the perception of the environment with aggressive discourse, that is, central science based on crude, unmeasured and immature power. This institutional, discourse, and theoretical determination reflects spiritless uneducated action. The mechanistic and masculine approaches, the ethics and etiquettes of the "mechanistic discipline", including self-sufficiency in technology and bureaucracy and with onesided methodology, could not offer a more fresh and refreshing alternative.Fertile metaphors confront life through the exaltation of its existential passion, and to determine the flourishing of socialization and individual evaluation, it opens the way to establishing a constructive relationship of harmony with the diversity of creative lifestyles also imply that they are related to the content, methods, and process of culture, social philosophy and "social capital." The interpretation of extremist gender (masculine, technocratic, bureaucratic, or feminine) is not very useful.In a simple

artistic literacy, emotional literacy are emotional needs and a prerequisite for epistemic / promotion. cognitive / development and 

To determine the efficacy of the TTM to predict exercise behavior in a sample of Iranian college students.

This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were 418 first year students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences who completed Iranian versions of the TTM and exercise behavior questionnaires. Data were analyzed using bivariate correlation and path analysis.

In the final model, path coefficient for the processes of change (behavioral strategy), self-efficacy in exercise and pros were 0.54, 0.20 and -0.11 respectively. The model accounted for 38% of the variance for predicting current exercise behavior.

The study findings support the application of TTM in exercise behavior changes among Iranian students.

In the current study, the recrystallization behavior of 75% cold-rolled Fe-22Mn-10Al-1.4C steel during annealing at 750, 770, 790, 810, and 830°C was studied. X-ray diffraction patterns and optical microscopy were used to characterize microstructures. The Vickers Micro-hardness test was used to characterize recrystallization kinetics during annealing. Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) model was used to evaluate the experimental data. The as-homogenized microstructure illustrated only austenite with a high fraction of annealing twins, and austenite to martensite phase transformation was not observed after quenching at a high temperature and also until high thickness reduction. Avrami exponent was decreased from 0.76 to 0.42, with increasing the annealing temperature from 750 to 830°C. The activation energy value was determined to be ~175 kJ/mol, which was slightly higher than the diffusion activation energy of carbon in austenite.

One of the most important issues in marketing and consumer behavior, is customer options and his buying behavior. This study aims to examine the role of environmental and perceptional factors on store patronage intention and driving customers to purchase from chain stores. This study is applied in terms of the purpose; it is also based on sequential (qualitative-quantitative) mixed method. The model was proposed qualitatively using grounded theory method. Data was collected through semi-structural interview with 20 experts and using purposive sampling method. The statistical population of the quantitative phase of the study consisted of 196 persons who have purchased from certain chain stores located in Tehran. These persons were randomly selected as statistical sample using a researcher-made questionnaire that resulted from the operationalization of the existing concepts in the model. Data analysis was performed by confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations modeling using partial least square method using SmartPLS software and results are yielded for managesrs of chain stores and even wholsalers.

The purpose of this study was to analyze wisdom in order to develop it in educational staff (teachers) and to present a model. Mixed research method has been used for the study. The research environment consisted of all education teachers in Mahallat city (840 people) in the quantitative section and 70 people in the qualitative section of all teachers in Mahallat city and articles and documents published during the last 20 years (2001-2021).The sampling method was continuous in the quantitative part with one-stage-random cluster method (237 people) and in the qualitative part in a targeted manner until the data saturation with 18 people. For data analysis, one-sample t-test was used in quantitative part and coding method was used in qualitative part. In general, the results showed that the average level of teachers' wisdom is moderate. Model of improving teachers' wisdom in the causal conditions section under the name of benevolence with 4 central codes, in the strategic conditions section under the name of balancing the learning space with 6 central codes, in the contextual section called teacher ranking with 3 central codes, in the intervention section called Individual life problems have 3 central codes and in the consequences section under the name of teaching efficiency, it has 3 central codes (power to influence students, class vitality, reduction of academic failure).