Due to the growth in Aquatic system and their health and economic well being of forming system is very important.Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) is one of the breading fish of cyprinus family that feed from phytoplanktons in water.Howere environmental condition of breading fileds mount be consider to obtain a optimal statu and fertilization of them to growth of biomass and diversity of phytoplanktons for growth silver carps. Shoshtar city is in east North of khozestan province with sustainable water rivers to breading of warm water fish.This study was started on biomass effect and density of phytoplankton on silver carp fry with 2.5 gr in polycalture farms. The stady was started from July 1391 and up to 45 days in Fourth stages of physical and chemical parameters of water Do, Temperatur, Electrical conductivity, Nitrate, phosphate,TDS, pH and chlorophyll a (biomass) as well as measurement and weight charachteries indetify and determine the length juveniles and phytoplankton concetrion with three replicates per treatment was carried out.The results showed that weight gain during the second trail of the same treatment were compared to the control treatment. Phytoplankton biomass based to measurement of chlorophylla (0.008±0.009 mg/l) showed and increasing in comparsion to the control treatment (p≤ 0.05). in general juvenile increased during treatment and had more weight show the control group.The amount of double fertilization treatments of silver carp juveniles increased in length and weight more than the control (p≤0.05). In general environment parameters expect dissolved oxygen, Ec and TDS were not significantlly different.

In recent years, the use of machine learning methods in various fields of agriculture is increasing, and these methods provide us with very good information for predicting and checking different levels of performance in plants. In the current research, according to the results of the preliminary experiment carried out previously with specific levels of salinity stress and fertilization (salinity stress levels of zero, 75 and 150 mM sodium chloride and fertilization levels of zero and 3 grams per liter of silica) which were previously carried out and using the nonlinear regression model (NLR) and Python programming language, the morphological and physiological traits of the fenugreek medicinal plant at the newly defined levels of salinity stress and silica fertilization (salinity of up to 300 mM level and silica fertilization in two levels of 1 and 2 grams per liter) were predicted without conducting practical tests and based on the levels of salinity and initial fertilization. The non-linear regression model is a widely used algorithm in data analysis where the relationship between variables is non-linear and can create meaningful relationships between variables using non-linear functions. The results showed that the positive effect of silica on the amount of chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) can be seen from zero to 180 mM salinity level and the amount of greenness index (SPAD) from zero to 100 mM salinity level. It seems that according to the results of the present research, it is possible to use machine learning to investigate and analyze the morphological and physiological characteristics of the fenugreek medicinal plant at other defined levels of salinity stress and other defined silica fertilization with no need conduct a practical experiment.

Monitoring physiological parameters of plant and fertilizer requirements are the basic principles in precision farming. Non-destructive and accurate remote sensors make this process feasible and light-handed. The present study evaluates the efficiency of GreenSeeker (GS) and Soil-Plant Analyses Development (SPAD) in Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was measured with GS and compared to SPAD. Fertigation with 5 different N treatments was applied to 100 pots. The first treatment (N1) had no N concentration, while the other treatments (i.e., N2, N3, N4, and N5) received 2, 9, 22, and 37 mmol.L-1 weekly, respectively. Next, the effect of volumetric fertilizing was investigated by adding supplemental fertilizer to N1 to N3 pots 71 days after planting. Nitrogen concentration in the leaf and first growing fruit was tested using the Kjeldahl method. The results of applied sensors confirmed with visible-near infrared spectroscopy at 200-1100 nm wavelength. NDVI, soil-adjusted vegetation index, and chlorophyll index were calculated from the available spectra and compared to the sensor outputs. Strong correlations were obtained between NDVI and all indices derived from spectra, especially in the vegetative phase. The results showed a strong correlation of NDVI with N rate, especially after supplemental fertilizing. Since the vegetation indices from spectra almost correlated well with NDVI and SPAD in all treatments, spectroscopy monitoring of cucumber could be a precise alternative technique. Linear and nonlinear regressions were applied to model variations of NDVI and SPAD. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using GS for N management according to its sensitivity to cucumber N status.

A serious problem in cultivation of ornamental plants is a lack scientific and applied program in fertilization, so that the plant nutrition focused on growth medium. A randomized completely design with 8 different fertilization methods with the use of ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate, di ammonium phosphate, ferrilene and kristalon was conducted in three replications in a greenhouse of Chaboksar, Guilan, Iran. The height of bush, number of lateral branches, floor distance, number of floor, fresh weight of root and shoot, total fresh and dry weight of root and shoot were measured. The results showed that the growth of plant increased in a treatment including foliar spray of ferrilene and kristalon fertilizers in 1:1000 ratio for three times. In treatment of ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate and di ammonium phosphate as base fertilizers amounted 2, 1 and 0.5 g per pot, respectively, the growth traits of plant was same to ferrilene and kristalon treatment. In conclusion, the highest plant growth obtained of a treatment including foliar spray of ferrilen and kristalon in 1:1000 ratio for three times.

The method of fertilization and fertilizing the soil and culture substrates has an important role in the quantitative and qualitative production of agricultural and horticultural products. Four types of fertilizer formulas with different ratios of N, P and K and constant amounts of micronutrients were prepared as complete liquid fertilizers in the Soil Science Laboratory of Sheikh Baha'i Laboratory Complex, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. In a randomized complete design, the effect of thirteen different fertilizer treatments along with a control including the use of different fertilizers at different times of vegetative and reproductive growth and each treatment in four replications on the growth of Tagetes was evaluated. Vegetative growth indices including final plant height, number of flowers and lateral branches, fresh and dry weight of roots, flowers and shoots were evaluated. Overall results showed that different fertilization methods and different fertilizer formulas had a positive effect on plant growth compared to the control. Changes in plant growth were significant compared to the control in fertilization methods and formulas. The best effect on plant growth was seen in treatment number 6 and this treatment is recommended for the growth of this variety of Tagetes. In this treatment, in the fourth week of planting seedlings from the first formula including the base ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, 15-15-15 and in the fifth and sixth weeks of the second formula including the ratio of base nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, 15-20 -30, was used.

Fertilizing method plays an important role in fertilizer and water use efficiency and plant yield and losses fertilizer. A field experiment was carried out at 16 treatments with factorial a complete randomized block design during 2010 for free drainage furrows. First factor was four levels of water (60، 80، 100 and 120% of full irrigation) and second factor was four levels of fertilizer (0، 60، 80 and 100% of required fertilizer) for fertigation method. The 16 treatments mentioned above، were compared with common fertilizing method. Nitrogen requirement was applied in four stages of the growth: before cultivation، in seven leaves، shooting and earring stages، the first portion (before cultivation) was applied by manual distribution and others by fertigation. In conventional treatment، the whole of required fertilizer was used in two split applications (before planting and in seven leaves). Results showed، the highest yield، yield component and use efficiency of corn was obtained on 100% irrigation and 100% fertilizer treatments. While the highest amount percolation of nitrate into soil was related to conventional treatment.

In concern of the fast development of drip irrigation systems and knowing that this method has desirable ability in correct management and fertilize, study on application of fertilizer and chemical solution in micro irrigation systems is necessary. Water and fertilizer distribution uniformity are important considerations for designers and users of micro irrigation systems. In this study water and fertilizer distribution uniformity on the soil surface and in the soil profile were evaluated. Online dripper and tape line were used for distributing water and fertilizer. Injection pump, venturi, and fertilizer tank devices were installed in order to inject the fertilizer into the micro irrigation system. The results indicated that because of lower value of coefficient of manufacturing variability in the tape than online dripper, the operation of tape in water and fertilizer distribution uniformity on surface and in the soil profile was better than online dripper. Evaluation of variations of water and fertilizer application along the laterals and Christiansen's uniformity coefficients on the soil surface and in the soil profile indicated that venturi and injection pump had better operation in fertilizer distribution uniformity than fertilizer tank.

In this study, the amount of nitrate input from agricultural land to Zanjanrood River has been simulated using the SWAT model. In order to calibrate and validate the results, SWAT-CUP software and measured mean monthly average flow rate at Sarcham hydrometeric station (1996-2013) were used, and 26 sensitive parameters were selected for sensitivity analysis. Three scenarios for irrigation practices, three scenarios for fertilizer rates and two integrated scenarios were defined. The p-factor and r-factor indices were used for uncertainty analysis and two statistical indices of determination coefficient (R2) and Nash-Sutcliff (NS) coefficient were used for quality analysis of the results,. In the monthly runoff calibration, at the basin outlet, the coefficients r-factor, p-factor, R2, NS were 0.27, 0.11, 0.83, and 0.53 respectively, and at the validation stage, they were 0.6, 0.18, 0.73 and 0.53. The results showed that with increasing pressurized irrigation areas, nitrate pollution in the basin was not significantly affected. With regard to fertilizer levels, by reducing consumption of urea fertilizers up to 50%, the amount of nitrate input into the Zanjanrood River reduced up to about 16.7%. On the other hand, an increase of 50% in fertilizer use has increased nitrate input into the river by 17.2%. Therefore, changing the surface irrigation method does not lead to a significant change in the average nitrate output from the basin. Also, reducing the amount of fertilization and preventing unnecessary fertilization by farmers, pollution of water resources can be greatly prevented.

Based on the principle "exist of crop differences in the field", a field of several hectares have basic variants in different parts of the agricultural potential. Accordingly, plant growth and development in various parts of the field is different. According to importance of wheat culturing in country, high area under cultivation, amount of consuming of this crop, fertilization costs, and destructive effects of residues of fertilizers used in Wheat field in contaminating the environment; identifying and studding on wheat needs to fertilizer requirement in different stages of growth is necessary and recommended. Use the right amount of fertilizer according to GPS (i.e. global positioning system) points and following the precision farming methods will cause to increasing of yield, decreasing of fertilizers utilization and environmental pollution due to excessive use of fertilizers. In first time starting accurate fertilization, is required to detailed information from soil available potassium in the GPS points. As a results of last researches on studied soils, plants have shown different sensitivity to potassium deficiency. Therefore with detailed knowledge and point to point of field in crop improvement stage, field conditions will be investigated and take steps to improve the uniformity of the field. To achieve the goal, the land area of 922 square meters, located on the farm 1 of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources was considered. The area study was divided into 40 plots and dry-land wheat (line 17) were cultured. In two stages, before planting and before heading, soil samples were taken from each plot and were stored to analyze the data. Our result showed that different parts of the farm had different requirements and performance and needs to apply different fertilizer levels in each part of the farm. The results indicated that the minimum and maximum amount of yield were 2999 and 4585 kilogram per hectares, respectively. Furthermore, measured potassium content in this stage had the highest correlation with the samples before planting. The minimum and maximum of potassium content were 180/25 and 483/93 milligram per kilogram. Based on the results, there is a good overlap between the wheat yield and the amount of soil potassium concentrations which obtained from the measurement. This overlap in time before the culture is better than the time before heading. According to the results in the under study area, in wheat crop management practices for sustainable production by adopting precision farming techniques recommended. That Using it can be more accurate and more appropriate estimate of the need to apply fertilizer to the soil.

This experiment was conducted in 2007 in Shirvan Agriculture Research center. The experiment was split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Main factors consisted of unfertilized (A1), 100% fertilizer (A2), 100% manure (A3), 50% fertilizer + 50 % manure (A4) treatments and sub factors consisted of sole crop of millet (B1), 75% millet + 25% bean (B2), 50% millet + 50% bean (B3), 25% millet + 75% bean (B4), and sole crop of bean (B5). Dry matter yield, grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, harvest index (HI), land equivalence ratio (LER), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and soil moisture content and soil temperature in each crop were calculated. Results indicated that the fertilizer and manure treatments had significant effect on millet and bean grain and dry matter yield