This study aimed to evaluate the performance and effect of time and concentration of xanthan gum and sugar beet molasses spraying in controlling forest road dust and the amount of dust settling on the leaves of roadside trees. Treatments of sugar beet molasses and xanthan gum with concentrations of 2%, 5%, and 10% were sprayed on 60-meter sections of the forest road by a device designed with a spray pump in the Arghavan-Shar forest roads of Ilam city. The study measured the amount of dust when passing the vehicle at a speed of 40 km/h using the HAZ-DUST EPAM-5000 device 3, 9, and 27 days after the implementation of the treatments. The results showed that all treatments were able to significantly reduce the amount of forest road dust. The amount of dust emission in the parts treated with sugar beet molasses (1.19 mg/m3) was significantly lower than the parts treated with xanthan gum (1.62 mg/m3). There was no significant difference between the concentrations of treatments in reducing the amount of dust on forest roads. The study also examined the durability of the treatments and observed that the highest effect of treatments with a significance level of 5% occurred in the first week, and the lowest amount of dust (0.63 mg/m3) was recorded during this period. The study suggests that the use of 2% concentration of sugar beet molasses can be used to control forest road dust due to its operational and economic efficiency.

The main problem of gravel forest roads is production of dust especially in summer. Dust leads to decrease sight distance and make trouble for tourists as well as the decline of road pavement and vegetation cover at edge of road. In this study the efficiency of anti-dust agents including different dosage of sugar beet molasses and sea water on reduction of dust from a road in Koohmian forest in Azadshahr of Golestan province was assessed.

At first a road with a length of 500 meters was separated into 8 segments each of with a length of 60 meters and then molasses (Including Sucrose, Potassium, Carbon with nitrogen, Thiamine and other organic compounds) and sea water (Including Chloride, Sodium, Sulfate, Magnesium and others) treatments with dosages of 10, 20 and 30% and control were separately performed on segments. Spray system was used to establish treatments and dustometer HAZ-DUST EPAM-5000 used to measure dust concentration. Dustometer is a stationary devise which is used to measure dust concentrations with particles diameter less or equal to 10 µm.

After the 3, 9 and 27 days from the implementation of treatments, results showed that emitted dust from the treated roads by different dosages of sugar beet molasses and sea water increased with time. Moreover, in each of times amount of emitted dust decreased with increasing of molasses and sea water dosages. After 27 days, molasses 20% and molasses 30% could only retain the dosage of PM10 in allowable range of 0-50μg m-3. Minimum amount of road dust was observed for molasses 30%.

Sea water didn’t influence on dust suppression to allowable amount of 50 μg due to the very low concentrations of sea water treatments. Minimum amount of road dust was observed for molasses 30% with amount of 21 μg m-3. Recent treatment can be selected as suitable case that farther researches is necessary for determining their longevity. Minimum amount of road dust was observed for molasses 30% with amount of 21 μg m-3. Recent treatment can be selected as suitable case that farther researches is necessary for determining their longevity. 

Dust is occurred when a vehicle passes from the dry surface of unpaved roads. Dust particles can affects negatively on plant growth, water quality and road life. In this study the effects of some environmental friendly anti-dust agents including different dosage of sugarcane molasses, polyacrylamide and bentonite were investigated on road dust control. Research was done in 3, 9, 27 and 81-dat time frame.

Rear-mounted solution spray system equipped with 8 nozzles was used for implementation of treatments in rate of 2-2.5 l m-2 in three sites in forests of Golestan provinces including Loveh, Kouhmian and Shastkalateh. Besides, dust sucker instrument was applied to collect dust particles. Data were collected when a vehicle is passed with speed of 40 km h-1. Moreover, soil samples were collected from the margin of forest roads to measure the changes in soil Na, K, Ca and Mg due to washing.

Results showed that dust of forest roads decrease with increasing the anti-dust agent concentration and increased with time. In Loveh forest roads, polyacrylamide with concentration of 6% and sugarcane molasses with concentration of 20% were the most appropriate treatments. Bentonite was unsuitable due to the high amount of fines in surfacing materials. In Kouhmian forest roads, polyacrylamide with concentration of 4% and sugarcane molasses with concentration of 20% and in Shastkalateh forest roads, polyacrylamide with concentration of 2% was the most appropriate treatments. Bentonite increased the Mg and pH and Molasses increased the K and decreased the pH of soil at margin of forest roads. In other cases, there wasn’t a significant effect from the treatments on chemical properties of soil at margin of road. In Kouhmian forest roads, polyacrylamide with concentration of 4% and sugarcane molasses with concentration of 20% and in Shastkalateh forest roads, polyacrylamide with concentration of 2% was the most appropriate treatments. Bentonite increased the Mg and pH and Molasses increased the K and decreased the pH of soil at margin of forest roads. In other cases, there wasn’t a significant effect from the treatments on chemical properties of soil at margin of road.

Base on findings, sugarcane molasses in roads with high fine particles was most efficient, but in roads with low fine particles polyacrylamide was most efficient. These additive materials hadn’t significant effects on adjacent soil chemicals due to their low amount.Base on findings, sugarcane molasses in roads with high fine particles was most efficient, but in roads with low fine particles polyacrylamide was most efficient. These additive materials hadn’t significant effects on adjacent soil chemicals due to their low amount.

Envirnmental factors such as seasonal winds, together with pollutants, dust and dune sand, reduce the drivers’ visibility, and when settled over the road surfaceproduce a negative impact on the skid resistance of asphalt pavements. In this study, the effect of dust and dune sand on the surface macro texture of road asphalt pavements in several sites, located in the Sistan and Balouchestan Province in Iran, was investigated. For this purpose, five road sections located in the areas with long periods of intense dusty and sandy winds , were monitored over a period of one and half months. In each site, the road surface under consideration was initially cleaned. Then, throughout the monitoring process, the images from these road surfaces were digitally taken and processed using an image processing software. Thereby, the road surface brightness parameter was calculated. Moreover, the macro texture depth of road surface in each site was also measured. The results indicated that there is an adverse relationship with strong correlation between the surface contaminations or brightness with the mean macro texture depth of road surface. The results also indicated that the rate of reduction in the mean road surface texture depth and brightness would reduce with time.

Goal: 

Among the environmental factors, meteorological factors, like fog, dust, wind, and rain can be countered. Driving in heavy dust is a risky condition. In this research the effect of dust on the accident rate is studied.

Statistics of accidents in dusty days that sight distance decreases to less than 500 meters is compared with the days after and the day before.

This comparison stablished that dust increases the accident rate. In addition, dust has a meaningful effect on main cause of accidents and increases the number of accidents caused by the lack of front attendance and over speeding. It is also shown that dust decreases number of motorcycle accidents and increase number of light vehicle turnovers.

Considering the fact that it is shown that dust has an undesirable effect on traffic accidents, it is advisable to teach the drivers for driving in dusty situations. In addition, police and emergency agents using suitable strategies in dusty condition can reduce the undesirable effect of dust on traffic accidents.

In this study, a number of 95 synoptic stations of the country were extracted in a statistical period (1990-2007) in order to identify fog-prone areas and dust storms with vision less than one kilometer along with the dust. Then, frequency map of the event, with vision less than one kilometer was provided by Spline method in roads network in Arc GIS environment. Also, air cloudy percentage map at land surface and optional thickness of clouds with less height and stratus clouds with low height has been presented in roads of the country for a statistical period (1980-2010) using spectrum analysis of infrared and visible bands measured with SEVERI from MSG satellite. In the same direction, Madys satellite data and Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) is used for statistical period (2000-2010) for extraction of spatial distribution of dust storms. With due observance to the results, maximum percentage of frequency of event with capability of vision less than one kilometer is related to the fog in Caspian and northwest area of the country. In addition, maximum percentage of frequency of event with capability of vision, less than one kilometer, is related to the dust in southwest and southeast part of the country. The maximum degree of risk in terms of fog-prone area in roads network of the country is related to the south and southwest area of the Caspian region while the maximum degree of risk in terms of dust-prone area is related to the west to south part of the country (northeast part of Caspian area).

on of the destroyer climate phenomenon is that annual import damage plenty with biology conditions, roads, buildings and weather pollutions cities. In this study dust evaluated condition Ilam province by data synoptic stations Dehloran and Ilam for statistical period 20 Yearly and circulation pattern 500 hectopascal and sea level from Noaa climatic database in Excel and Spss statistical softwares environment. In Ilam station mqy month with 63 day and December with on day is and in Dehloran station from aspect contained monthly frequence may month with 63 day in Ilam station, July month day 220 and December month By 7 Day orderly highest and lowest dust frequents. In Ilam station contained spring season by 0.45 percent and Dehloran summer season with 41 percent highest seasonal distribution. In both station correlation between climatic elements and dusty days very high and include reliable relation, in Ilam station correlation highest to the wind variable with 0.89 percent and Dehloran station average heat with 0.92 percent have correlation with dust phenomenon and in both stations encompasses relative humidity and precipitation with dust phenomenon inverse correlation. In Dehloran station demonstrate coefficient nomination 0.59 percent which variations dependent variable namely dust specified by sex independent variable of climate elements. In Ilam station regression multivariate result insignificant because which natural conditions area in dust effect climate element in dust is colorless. Assessment of circulations 500 hp and sea level demonstrate that, in July month located low core in Mediterranean sea surface and trough tongues than which Iraq, Syria and Saudi desert cause have created dust in west of country. By pitch upper level trough axis in dry and warm aria Africa, Saudia and Iraq which is major resources dust, dusty conditions produced.

In arid and semiarid region, dust happened frequently. Including, result of adverse effects the occurrence of dust is on agricultural production, soil and water pollution, diseases of the respiratory and environmental issues, social challenges, a sharp reduction in horizontal visibility and traffic accidents resulting from its. In this research, changes in the number dust occurrence on the moon, season and years studied (2004-2010) were analyzed. After calculating the number of dust per year, dust zoning done with using kriging in software ArcGIS. The results indicate that Sarakhs and Ghochan respectively had maximum and minimum dust occurrence in year. Also may and spring maximum number occurrence dust in over months and seasons of the year. The result of zoning showed that we move from center and north to the borders of the number of dust is added. The results also indicate those years of 2008 and 2005 respectively highest and lowest number of dust were in the province.

A dust storm is a common phenomenon in many parts of the world, especially in arid and semiarid regions of the world. Dust storm adverse effects on the agriculture production and gardening, pollution of water and soil resources, a variety of respiratory diseases and the finally on the environmental issues, social challenges, a sharp reduction in horizontal visibility and road accidents. In this research, dust source identification in the Middle East with using MODIS satellite images was used in the period of time 2004-2014. For dust source identification 4 indices BTD3132¡ BTD2931¡ NDDI and D for 45 MODIS satellite images were calculated. Then with make a false-color combination (FCC) determined the best of a method dust source identification. The results showed that color combination BTD2931 ¡ B4 and B3 determined the best color combination for enhancement dust and dust source identification. The results showed that 212 points dust source identified in the case study that 123 points were in Iran and 93 Points in out of the country. The results also show that after Iran, Afghanistan has highest points dust source in the study area. The Middle East arid and semi-arid climates and precipitation in this area rarely exceed 300 mm per year As a result; this area has been poor vegetation cover and precipitation hardening and is susceptible to erosion.

The human factors, vehicle, road and environment are involved in accidents, but the environmental and climatic phenomena account for a significant contribution to the road accidents in Iran. Among the hazards of weather affecting road transport, the occurrence of thunder storms, heavy rainfall and flash floods, dust storms, fog and snow and avalanches are considered. Due to the slippery road surface, reducing driver visibility and focus the likelihood of road accidents will increase. With frequency analysis and evaluation of environmental and climate factors and installation of safety equipment in critical areas accidents can be reduced. In this project, weather phenomena.