There are some comments and examples on the qualities that make a panegyric apt-transition a good-one or a bad-one in Arabic and Persian rhetoric books. But a deeper look on the principles of rhetoric and the study of panegyric masters’ poems would lead us to get some more information about this subject. Analyzing some Persian panegyric poems and criticizing the opinions of the Persian and Arabic rhetoricians, this article focuses on the principles of a well-made apt-transition and, for the first time, analyses about thirty examples of weak apt-transitions and reveals their verbal faults.

Condensation is an important heat transfer regime, with vast applications in industries such as power generation and cooling systems. In the present study, the changes in the coating thickness and geometry of hydrophobic areas were investigated on hydrophobic-hydrophilic plates and totally hydrophobic ones, and a no-coating plate was also studied experimentally for the condensation phenomenon. Considering the use of aluminium as the base material, tests such as lithography with positive photoresist was conducted to study the photoresist adhesion to the aluminium surface and its impact on heat transfer, as well as testing the lift-off process to remove the remaining photoresist at the final stage of producing the plates, to improve their surfaces and optimize the major parameters in the production stage. For this study, one type of totally hydrophobic surface and two types of hybrid hydrophobic-hydrophilic surfaces with different widths of hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas were produced, each type in three thicknesses of 200, 450 and 900 nm. Considering the different values of coating thicknesses, the width of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas, the heat transfer coefficient and heat flux were calculated for each plate, and the optimal conditions for each plate were determined. Compared to the uncoated plates, the heat transfer coefficient and heat flux for each plate with hybrid hydrophobic-hydrophilic surfaces (width of 860 μm for hydrophilic area and 970 μm for the hydrophobic, and thickness of 450 nm) registered increase by 1.44-2.01 and 1.43-1.81 times, respectively, which were the highest among the plates in the present study.

Explaining the theory of social gap in the Iranian society of the Umayyad transition period, and the subsequent emergence of asociality as a phenomenon in this society from the center of the caliphate can be examined by functionalist analysis. After the Islamic conquest of Iran, the new Arab-Islamic society failed to absorb Iranians. Iranians’ expectations about the improvement in their general situation did not become materialized and their former social gaps not only did not disappear but with the expansion of the tribal system and their status as Mawalis in the lowest stratum, they became an underprivileged society. Using the historical method and an analytical interdisciplinary approach to the theories of social gap and asociality in sociology, the present research aims to explain the role of the social gap within Iranian society in the asociality of the first century A.H.. According to the findings of the research, the existing social gaps in the Umayyad society and asociality within Iranian social strata were caused by the Umayyad political structure. Furthermore, Umayyad discriminatory policies and the existence of social gaps within Iranian society initiated asociality and paved the way for the Abbasid reception in the hope of a better future.

The impact of corporate disclosure quality on macroeconomic issues, including tax noncompliance, is so important to know. According to the growing importance of tax as one of the governmental major financial resources and revenues, it is very important to identify strategies for decrease of tax noncompliance which reduces tax revenues. High quality disclosure of information can be viewed as a regulatory factor that controls the behavior of corporate management and reduces incentives for tax noncompliance, so it is expected that enhancement of corporate disclosure quality will reduce the corporate tax noncompliance. This study, using Panel Data Analysis, examines the impact of corporate disclosure quality on reducing tax noncompliance in Iran. To achieve this, we investigated 40 firms listed in TSE for a period from 2007 to 2011. This study uses timeliness and reliability as two different criteria of disclosure quality and uses a criterion based on the difference between decided and declared tax for measuring tax noncompliance. The results indicate a positive effect of corporate disclosure quality on corporate tax noncompliance reductio.

Nucleos(t)ide analogues, such as lamivudine and adefovir, are effective drugs for treatment of hepatitis B patients. However, long-term treatment with these drugs leads to the emergence of the nucleos(t)ide analogue resistant strains. The impact of nucleos(t)ide analogues on the emergence of HBsAg escape mutations is not clarified. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine HBsAg escape mutations in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues. A cross-sectional study was performed on 50 patients with chronic hepatitis B under treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues (lamivudine and/or adefovir) and 50 naive chronic hepatitis B patients. HBV DNA was extracted from plasma and S gene of virus was amplified by Nested-PCR followed by direct sequencing. HBsAg gene sequence of the samples was evaluated for detection of HBsAg escape mutations. Among the 100 patients, the following HBsAg escape mutations were identified: sQ101H, sG119R, sP120S, sP127S, sA128V, sG130N, sG130R, sT131I, sM133I, and sY134N. The frequency of HBsAg escape mutations in patients under treatment of nucleos(t)ide analogues was 16% and in naïve patients was 6% (p=0.2, OR=2.98). According to the obtained results, there seems to be no association between using nucleos(t)ide analogues and emergence of HBsAg escape mutations.

The existence of social divisions in Sassanid society has always increased segregation as well as the passive movement of the lower strata of society and the emergence of an escape problem, which caused the fall of the Sassanids in one of the most sensitive regions of Southwest Asia. In this research, which is done using historical method and analysis of the theory of gap and escape in sociology, by asking the question, what was the role of social gaps in the event of escape from the Sassanid government and then its fall by examining the role of Iranian society? And in response to that; The research hypothesis is that the social gaps in the Sassanid government caused the escape of various layer 05s of society in society and due to the Sassanids did not follow the political custom of the Iranian government theory based on adherence to different ethnicities and religions, the grounds for internal and structural collapse. Findings The research shows that the natural existence of social gaps in Sassanid society with the behavior of the government has led to the beginning of their activities and then accelerated the process of escape. From the theoretical study of the gap and escape, it was obtained that the contradictions in the Sassanid society became gaps in the long run, and because the lower layers of this society had the lowest position; As the life of this dynasty increased, they became more and more interested in escapism; In a way, each components of the Sassanid society turned to its local and trade union interests without regard to the previous society and the external powers paid attention.

Increasing the flame propagation speed with aid of centrifugal force proposed by Lewis is a new challenge that can reduce the length of the combustion chamber and thus increase the thrust to weight ratio. In this study, large eddy simulation of premixed combustion of air-propane mixture in a two-dimensional tube with closed ends have been implemented in OpenFoam Software to investigate the effect of centrifugal force on the flame propagation speed. Comparison of numerical solution results with experimental data showed about 8% error in the most critical centrifugal acceleration (3000g). To investigate the effect of the turbulence model, the combustion simulation using the k turbulence model for 3000g, was compared with the LES model and it was observed that the LES model, investigate propagation speed and flame wrinkling with higher accuracy. Considering the flame surface wrinkling parameter, it was observed that at a centrifugal acceleration equal to 4000g, the flame surface wrinkling, suddenly increased and then decreased rapidly that indicates the extinction of the flame. Then, the effect of pipe length on flame propagation speed and flame wrinkling at 2000g was investigated and it was observed that increasing pipe length and distance from the origin of rotation, the induced centrifugal force increased and as a result, propagation speed and wrinkling Increases.

In this study, in order to surface modification of zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and boehmite nanoparticles the new organic compound was introduced. Creating new functional groups with oleic acid did not represent the satisfactory results, so in this work, the oleic acid was turned to the much more active compound, and then on the surface of the mentioned nanoparticles was assembled. The novel reagent named N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) oleamide (N-TESPO) was synthesized through chemical modification of oleic acid which easily capable of functionalizing a variety of oxide nanoparticles to superhydrophobic nanoparticles. This reagent was synthesizedin a two-stage reaction of oleic acid. To investigate the properties of the superhydrophobic nanoparticles with the chemical surface modification method, the contact angle test, SEM and FTIR were applied. The results of the water contact angle tests illustrated that the water contact angle of the surface covered with the modified zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and boehmite nanoparticles was 158°, 163°, and 161°, respectively that proved the superhydrophobicity characteristic of this modified nanoparticles.

Ta’zie, in the word, means mourning and to hold mourning ceremony for remembrance of deaths and in term refers to a kind of ritual show based on Karbala event and the martyrdom of Emams and other religious events and historical, mythologic and slangy tales and stories (Mazandaran; 1389: 101). Some researchers seek the routes of Ta’zie in pre-Islam Irainian religions, like Masaeb e Mitra, Soug e Siavash and Yadegare Zariran (refer to: Yar e Shater, 1384: 127-129) and some in mythological religion of Mesotopomia, Anatolia and Egypt (refer to:the same:130-135). The first signs of today's Ta’zie may be found in fourth and fifth century AH. From Safavieh, performance of Ta’zie becomes in a current way (Aslani, 1384:20). Ta’zie is a kind of dramatic literature in Iran which belongs to narrative form of folk literature (Gobino, 1369: 169) and so with regards to dramatic form of Ta’zie and its executive restrictions it seems that linear narration method is the most popular and sensible way to perform Ta’zie; but «in some versions of Ta’zie, there are some gooshe that are beyond original Ta’zie and to somehow show other events» (Mirshekar, 1388: 190) where happens in somewhere else. This «somewhere else» is often Karbala. So this out of main drama scenes that predicted for connecting the theme of Ta’zie to martyrdom of Imam Hossein is called «goriz to Karbala desert», Gooshe or Ta’zie (Fathalibeigi, 1370:231). This secondary Tazie can be known as an equivalent of metadrama in drama. «Metadrama is a drama in drama ... it can shift the audience from one drama to the other and to the deeper space» (Mirshekar, 1388: 89). Some researchers believe that this disrupting in narrative discourse in Tazie is exclusive, without introduction (short) and sudden; but according to article writers, shifting of scene method and creating goriz (breakout) metadrama lie in innovative using of association trick. Association in word means to call one another (Dad, 1383:123) and in psychology means mental solidarity between two or several imagination or feeling or memory that the presence of one causes stimulating the another (Pashaie, 1369:257). Association rules can be summarized in resemblance, contiguity, contrast (Pournamdarian et.al, 1388:2) and the causation ( Pour Afkari; 1373: 123) . These narrations usually happens in religous non-Ashoraie ShabihKhani, it is not clear that from when the goriz become popular in Shabihkhani (Ashourpour, 1389: 334); but the general style of goriz is almost similar in all Tazies. This means that in every proper situation that there are both neccessary tools for association and the narrative process prepares audience's mind for narration, the poet associates the whole or a part of the scene of Karbala for player and following it the audiences using an internal or external factor. Association factor will be the elements of drama, if it is external; but it should be noted that verbal narratives have an important role in scenery of Ta’zie; because the scene space is more presented by player's description; The external factors of association in extensive or compound form (singular or structural). Sometimes the association occurs for a Shabihe in mental form .This association occurs just in context and in dialog or soliloquy forms. In addition to all these facilities, in Ta’zie sometimes players perform the associated events for audience. Sometimes they narrate it through expression. But these methods are exemplary of metadrama in Ta’zie; but with expressive and dramatic methods, respectively.  In different Ta’zie the poet first tries to find a similarity point in terms of subject, character and scene and then uses the same similarity and to conduct the scene to Karbala and Imam Hossein’s martyrdom using association trick. Diffrent kinds of association are used in Ta’zie. Following species can be enumerated for association: 1- single associations (Ta’zie of Imam Reza’s martyrdom: water; Ta’zie of Imam Zein Ol Abedin martyrdom: butcher, Ta’zie of Holy Masoumeh’s death:water). 2- Compound association (Ta’zie of Imam Reza’s martyrdom: relation of sister-brother kinship; Ta’zie of Esmaiel’s sacrificing; Ta’zie of Hamze’s martyrdom: the lifeless body of no-shade martyr in sunshine; Ta’zie of Omarebn Abd Vad: sending of Imam Ali to the battlefield by prophet and …); 3- Association with abstract association factor (Ta’zie of Imam Reza’s martyrdom: death in roam; Ta’zie of Abdolah ebn AbdolMotaleb: death in roam); 4- Association with lexical factor (Ta’zie of Imam Reza’s martyrdom: Hossein’s name; Ta’zie of throwing of Yousof in pit: Hossein’s name; Ta’zie of curse of parents); 5- Association based on proximity rule (Ta’zie of Imam Reza’s martyrdom: water); 6- Association based on resemblance rule (Ta’zie of Esmaiel’s sacrificing, Ta’zie of throwing of Yousof in pit ; Ta’zie of Habil and Qabil ; Ta’zie of Mousa and Feron; Ta’zie of Emam Mousa Kazem’s martyrdom); 7- Association based on contrast rule (Ta’zie of Amrobn Qazve Ahad; Ta’zie of the birth of holy Mousa; Ta’zie of Safein and Lailatol Harir war); 8- Association with mental factor (Ta’zie of Emam Reza’s martyrdom: salutation to Emam Hossein’s holy shrine when martyrdom; Ta’zie of throwing of Yousof in pit; Ta’zie of Emam Ja’efar Sadeq’s martyrdom).

In this study, adsorption of fluconazole on silica aerogel was performed successfully by the immersion method in the 1% solution of fluconazole-ethanol at the ambient condition and without using the supercritical method. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica aerogels were synthesized by the two-stage sol-gel method and dried at the ambient temperature. This method had most of drug loading at 24 h. It was 1.92% and 1.98% for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica aerogels, respectively. Physical properties of the synthesized aerogels were studied by the nitrogen absorption and desorption tests. The presence of fluconazole and the chemical structure of the samples were determined by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). As well, the loading and release of the drug were investigated using a spectrophotometer. The results showed the structure of the synthesized aerogels had a pore diameter of 6-8 nm and a surface area of about 800-100 m2/g. The study of the drug release also revealed that the release rate of fluconazole in the hydrophilic silica aerogel was higher than that of the hydrophobic sample.