The new maternal health care program has been designed in order to improve the quality of the currentnational program. Standard protocol along with the methods of physicians'' and midwives'' intervention clearly defined inthis program. This study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of this program in terms of improving child birth,pregnancy indicators and solving relatedproblems. The historical cohort study started in Ardestan since 2003 and continued until the midyear of 2005. Motherswho labored were randomly selected and categorized in two groups who received care based on the new program andwho didn''t receive care. A checklist was prepared for each subject using health files and hospital records. The collecteddata were analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that the frequency of caesarian section in two groups was the same. The frequency ofL.B.W in group who received new care services was lower than the other group. Pregnancy age indicator at the time ofdelivery to determine the frequency of full term birth was promoted in first group. In case of stillbirth indicator, someimprovements were seen in group who received new cares. Preterm labor is one of the most prevalent problems in society resulted in immaturity and low weightedinfants and high costs for families and government. Presenting compiled cares and providing appropriate services usingthe new guidelines can be effective to improve child birth indicators especially in reducing the number of preterm andstill births.

The issue of children's mental health has been attracting widespread attention in recent years and the issue of parent-child mental health is particularly important. To investigate the effect of maternal anxiety on pregnancy outcome and also infant's mental health were the main purposes of this article.Methods & Materials: In this comparative study, a total of 40 pregnant women were selected using random sampling method from Imam Khomeini hospital. First, The women completed the Ketel anxiety questionnaire during the third trimester of their pregnancies. Based on the results, 20 women were allocated in the anxious mother's group and the other 20 women were allocated in the calm mother's group. Then, birth indicators were measured in both groups at the time of birth. Finally, infant's mental health indicators were measured using infants mental health measurement scale three months later. Data were analyzed using descriptive- inferential statistics (Chi-square and t-test) in SPSS. The results showed that there were significant differences in anthropometric indexes between two groups (P<0.001). The rate of vaginal delivery was more in calm mothers than in the vexatious ones. Most of the calm mothers stated that they had wanted pregnancies. Mental health of the calm mother's newborns were significantly higher than the mental health of the other group's newborns (P<0.001). These findings illustrated that maternal mental status could affect pregnancy outcomes at birth and infant's mental health third months after birth.

Health indicators are often used for a variety of purposes, including program management, re-source allocation, monitoring of country progress, performance-based payment, and global reporting.Real pro-gress in health towards the United Nations Millennium Development Goals and other national health priorities is vitally dependent on stronger health systems. We aimed to analyse the progress of “birth related indicators” of selected countries of Balkan and Eastern Europe and to forecast their values in the future.

This research report article represents a descriptive data analysis of selected health indicators, ex-tracted from European Health for All database (HFA-DB) and EuroStat. Indicators of interest were analysed for 17 countries in observational period from 1990 to 2019. The data were analysed usinga linear trend estimate and median operation and interquartile range 25th–75th percentile were used for better comparison of each country. Forecasting analysis to year 2025 was performed by combining Excel analysis and SPSS program.

Number of all live births to mothers aged under 20 is decreasing in almost all examined countries,while live births to mother over 35 is mostly increasing. Total fertility rate is also mainly decreasing in almost all countries of interest for our investigation, as well as the crude birth rate.Estimated infant mortality per 1000 live births is decreasing in all observed countries.

Population aging is becoming more pronounced, while current birth-related indicators have nega-tive tendencies; this problem will obviously continue over time.

Identification and management of factors affecting fetal development can be a valuable contribution to promoting infant survival, growth, and development. This study investigated the association between parental factors and newborns' anthropometric indices.

This cross-sectional study was based on secondary data analysis of pediatric and pregnancy surveillance systems in which 1500 children below the age of 2 years were selected by proportional sampling method. The outcome indexes in this study included birth weight, height, and head circumference. Data analysis conducted by SPSS 16 using the generalized linear model approach with logit link function and binomial probability distribution were used in this study.

The prevalence of low-birth-weight, short stature, and small birth head circumference were estimated to be 3.3%, 4.2%, and 4.4%, respectively. In the generalized linear model with logit link function, predictor variables of birth weight included occupation, a paternal education level (p<0.05), education level, BMI, and pregnancy rates of the mother (p<0.05). The predictor variables of birth height were paternal occupation, baby gender, and maternal body mass index (p<0.05).

The need to pay attention to parent-related intervening factors such as BMI and birth rank in the family empowerment programs to improve birth indicators is suggested.

The birth rate in Iran has flactuateda lotin recent decades. Although this issue has been widely studied due to its importance,it has rarely been paid attention to a macro and long-term perspective. Therefore, this research has tried to investigate the relationship between socio-economic indicators including; GDP per capita, women's participation in the labor force, inflation, unemployment, and literacy rate with the birth rate in the period of 1991-2019. This research is a quantitative  secondary analysis that was conducted using the time-series method. In order to investigate the short-term and long-term relationships of the research variables, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used in Microfit software. Based on the research findings , with the improvement of the indicators of women's participation in the labor force, and the level of literacy, the birth rate has decreased. There is a positive and significant relationship between inflation and unemployment indicators with birth rate, and there is no significant relationship between GDP per capita and birth rate. Accrding to the research results, it is concluded that the birth rate in Iran is more affected by the macro than micro conditions.

Pregnancy in low age has been proposed as one of the important factors causing risks and adverse outcomes. One of these complications is low birth weight (LBW), which is an important health indicator in any countries. In this study, texts related to Environmental and Biological Factors Influencing Infant’s Low Birth Weight in teenage mothers was reviewed. In the present study, articles indexed in the databases Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, were used. In the present study, a total of 22 articles related to teenage pregnancy and low birth weight were studied. Also, all factors influencing infants’ low birth weight in teenegers were evaluated in the areas of biological and environmental factors. The results of the present study showed that environmental and biological parameters are factors influencing low birth weight in teenage pregnancy. Thus, to reduce social problem of low birth weight and to improve this indicator in both environmental and biological issues, health intervention is necessary.

Unwanted pregnancy is a general and universal problem which causes physical, mental and economic problems for mother. The increased risk of miscarriage, premature delivery and low birth weight infants is higher in these women. These mothers neglect about prenatal care that in addition to low birth weight and short gestational age at birth, these neonates are more susceptible to illness, mortality, and misconduct.Therefore, this study was performed with aim to compare infant's growth indicators in two groups of wanted and unwanted pregnancy.
This descriptive-analytic study (prospective cohort) was performed on 1000 pregnant women referred to health centers of Sanandaj from 2014 to 2015. Data collection tool was a questionnaire which was completed by interviews with mothers and infant's growth indicators were measured with standard scales, meter, and stadiometer. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 20), and T- test and Chi-square test.
Mean growth indicators of infants (weight, height and head circumference) at birth, 2, 4 and 6 months was significantly lower in case group than control group (P= 0.000).Based on t-test, there was statistically significant differences between wanted and unwanted pregnancy groups in terms of infant's growth indicators (weight, height and head circumference) at birth, 2, 4 and 6 months (P Unwanted pregnancy affects infant's growth indicators and reduces growth in newborns. Also, women with unwanted pregnancy have more normal vaginal delivery and preterm birth.

Implementation of rural family physician program in Iran in 2005 has been evaluated and shown that this program has been led to some improvements in health indicators. In this study, some reproductive health (RH) indicators were compared before and after implementation of this program in rural areas of East Azerbaijan, Iran. In this ecologic- time trend study, the data of 191075 births of rural women of East Azerbaijan from 2001 to 2010 was extracted from vital horoscope (ZIJ) and used for calculation of 20 important RH indicators. The paired t-test and correlation analysis wear used for data analysis. Some indicators such as adolescent marriage rate, adolescent birth and over 35 year olds birth rate were increased after rural family physician program implementation in 2005. Also stillbirth rate and unsafe delivery were decreased during this period. There was a significant correlation between increasing adolescent birth rate and increasing low birth weight deliveries (r= 0.911, P= 0.031) and also between increasing over 35 year olds birth rate and increasing neonatal mortality rate in term of prematurity and congenital malformations (r= 0.912, P= 0.031) after program implementation. Perinatal care and safe delivery even for pregnancies outside the typical child-bearing ages are promoting after implementation of rural family physician program in East Azerbaijan. Also decreasing unsafe delivery and stillbirth rate can be considered as achievements of running this program in this province.

In 1975, Iran started the rural health workers (Behvarz) training project in West Azerbaijan province with World Health Organization (WHO) cooperation. In 1977, the government accepted primary health care (PHC) as a main policy to develop the health system. Health indicators in rural population are calculable using Vital Horoscope. This study was designed for assessment of health indicators in rural population of East Azerbaijan. In this retrospective-analytic study, the rural health indicators were extracted from vital horoscope during 1368-1388. Ten indicators about reproductive health, child mortality and environmental health were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. For assessment of dispersion of the indicators, we used standard deviation for neonatal death rate and unskilled attendance at delivery. In the study period, the crude birth rate was decreased from 35.7 per 1000 to 18.36 /1000. Total fertility rate was 5.76 in 1367 and was declined to 1.93 in 1388. The birth attended by unskilled personnel with a sharp decrease reached to 0.77% from 46.26%. The neonatal mortality decreased from 21.8 in 1000 live births in 1367 to 8.12 in 1388. The 1-12 months children death rate was 31.4 in 1000 and was declined to 4.6. The under 5 year old mortality rate was reached to 2.5 in 1388 from 9.8 in 1367. In 1388, 15.23 of under 5 year old children died in 1000 live births, 8.12 died during neonatal period, 4.6 and 2.45 during infantile and 1-5 year old period, respectively. This study showed that health indicators were improved which is the sign of effectiveness of Primary Health Care programs. Changes in health needs and epidemiological transitions make it necessary to review and reform the PHC content according to new challenges.

Perinatal mortality indicator is a major indicator of health and health assessment that has a direct impact on infant mortality indicator. This study was aimed to determine the rate and causes of perinatal mortality in district of Kermanshah.
In this cross-sectional study, records of perinatal mortality in district of Kermanshah were extracted during 2011-14. Information, including the neonate, data about the mother and indicators of pregnancy and childbirth and the leading cause of death based on ICD-10 was collected. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables and count and percent for qualitative variables by Stata ver.11 software.
Findings: 56.1% of 1236 perinatal death was boy. Most mortality was in low and very low weight and most common underlying disease mother was hypertension. The highest perinatal mortality rate was in 2012 year (12.3 per thousand births) and the lowest in 2014 year (5.7 per thousand births). The most common cause of perinatal death by 87.6% was related to specific disorders originated around the time of birth.
According to the results, emphasizing adequate care during pregnancy and perinatal, more accurately identify and track high-risk women with underlying disease and the prevention of preterm birth and low birth weight babies can be effective in reduction of perinatal mortalities.