In this research, different aspects of humor and contradictions and their types, in all the works of one of the most famous contradictors of Persian literature; That is, according to Atameh Shirazi, it was thoroughly studied by descriptive-analytical method and library resources, and for this purpose, from the theories of critics; Like Bakhtin, Joseph Shabili, Heather Dobrev, Arthur Pollard, were used. The findings show that legitimate contradictions are not merely comparative; Rather, they have various functions; Criticism of the poetic themes and ancient literary style of their time, by de-familiarization and violation of their purpose and protesting the economic and social situation of the people with this exaggerated trick that the theme of all past forms, from epic to lyric about food and food The generalities of his divan are a mixture of all kinds of humor and contradictions; Like Manipusi satire, allegory, satirical comedy, guaranteed contradiction, ridiculous epic, with irony and carnival laughter.

In this paper qualitative, quantitative and hybrid techniques of hazard identification and risk assessment were presented. Qualitative techniques such as preliminary hazard analysis, checklist, what-if analysis, what-if/checklist analysis, 2 guide word analysis, hazard and operability study, failure modes and effects analysis, quantitative technique such as layer of protection analysis, Dow fire and explosion index, Dow chemical exposure index, hybrid technique such as fault tree analysis, event tree analysis, cause-consequence analysis, human reliability analysis event tree, were presented. Factors influencing the selection of techniques were discussed. The statistical analysis of scientific articles period of 2000-2009 shows relative frequency of quantitative (65.63%) ,qualitative (27.68), hybrid methods (6.70%).The hybrid techniques have great complexity due to their ad hoc character that prevents a wide spreading. Greatest number of risk analysis methods was in Industry (53.71%), Mechanics (12.38%) and Transportations (12.87%) and lowest number was in environment (0.43%).

The greatness and fame of Shahnameh has not only had an undeniable effect on the wave of epic poetry in Iran and encourage poets to imitate Ferdowsi, but also it has caused some poets to have little ability to compose epics or In the presence of the Shahnameh, any other epic work was considered worthless by them, to mixing epic with humor and making “Naqise-ye Hamasi”. Based on it, Naqise-ye Hamasi as a suggested title for these works, which bears similarities and differences with mock-epic and burlesque in European literature, is a literary genre in which the supreme style of the epic is imitated to express trivial issues.The earliest examples of these artifacts can be seen in ancient Greece. By imitating the epic poems of ancient Greece and Rome, like Homer's Iliad and Odyssey and Virgilio's Eneida, in Europe in recent centuries prominent mock- epic Have been composed by Alexander Pope, Scarron, Trumbull and Barlow. However, in comparison with European mock-epics, funny epics in Persian literature are weak, but examples of Naqise-ye Hamasi Can be found in works of Obayd Zakani, Boshagh Atáme, Nezam Qari, Nazoki Hamedani, Yaqma Gandaghi etc. It was also natural that with the spread of new poetry in the last hundred years of Iran, Naqise-ye Hamasi be created in a new form. These parodies can be recognized as “Naqise-ye Hamasi Nimai” or “Naqise-ye Hamasi Azad”.

One of the most important conditions for the development of medical and pharmacological knowledge in human societies is the availability of drugs. In the past, the most important and widely used types of medications were medicinal herbs. The trade in herbal medicines, imported mainly from India, China, and Southeast Asia, flourished in Fars in the eighth and ninth centuries AH. Examination of the writings of prominent Shirazi physicians and pharmacists, such as Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi, Haji Zain Al-Attar and Muhammad ibn Abdullah Lari, showed that the development of pharmacological knowledge in Fars in the eighth and ninth centuries AH was mainly due to the availability and trade of herbal medicines. The medicine trade was reflected in the poems of Kamal Ghias and Boshaq Atameh Shirazi, the poets of the eighth and ninth centuries AH, as well. This research, based on a descriptive-analytical method and library sources, seeks to find out how the trade of single herbal medicament was in Fars in the eighth and ninth centuries AH and what effects it had on the development of pharmacological knowledge. The findings indicate that the prosperity of the single herbal medicine trade played an important role in the development of the Fars medical school in the mentioned centuries.

Plato did not write an independent book about painting, but his ideas about this art are very important. His emphasis on painting is more ontological and epistemological than moral and educational, because painting toward the expressive arts (poetry and music) has a less impact on the audience’s morale. In a universal division, Plato divides the art of image-making into two parts:(1) likeness-Making (eikastike); and (2) Apearance-making or (phantastic). In art of likeness-Making, the artist makes his work just like the original And it does not distort the reality. But phantastic art is not a The mere imitation of reality And it changes the reality in the interest of the senses؛ in the other words, the artist creates a work that is even more beautiful than the original. Plato is the first philosopher to extend the meaning of Mimesis and use it in the sense of imagination In the imaginative art, Mimesis is not pure representation of real objects, and the artist’s work is outside the realm of imitation. Painting and sculpture are part of the arts. Plato called the painting of his time degenerate.The art of painting during his time had made a lot of progress and painters had discovered techniques to overcome the virtual error. This progress went back to Plato.The painter must not defy traditional rules, and deceive us by distorting reality and creating visual illusions. The painter will change the rules of nature to adapt to the requirements and conditions of my vision. He can never show the truth of objects and only depicts a shadow or a phantom of objects, objects that are themselves nothing but illusion. He imitates only tangible objects, and the outward appearance and image of things depicts us, not the truth of them. He is three times far from the truth, and does not have the true knowledge of what is going on. Therefore, Painting does not have a great place in Plato’s philosophical system. At the time of Plato, Sophist’s ideas were prevalent. By the way, Plato was in agreement with the Sophists, because the senses do not give us any certainty; They are making mistakes. Human senses do not know objects as they are, but they find objects as they seem. Art is deception (apate) and charm (goeteia). Poetry is charming with words and painter charming with pictures. Plato opposed their phenomenalism and illusionism, because knowledge was not limited to the senses. Plato defends the Egyptian paintings against the art of painting his own time and finds ideal art not in Athenian art, but in the East. Egyptian painters follow the fixed and inviolable laws that the gods have set. The work of the Egyptian painter is not mimesis (imitation), but Anamnesis (recollection). The real painter is the one who recalls the supernatural truths and follows them in his work. Plato does not give any explanation about the nature of Egyptian painting; this ideal painting does not need to be described and defined, and should only be accepted as a patern.

The current review purpose is to present a general overview of different experimental design methods that are applied to investigate the effect of key factors on dark fermentation and are efficient in predicting the experimental data for biological hydrogen production. The methods of two levels full and fractional factorials, Plackett–Burman, and Taguchi were employed for screening the most important factors in dark fermentation. The techniques of central composite, Box–Behnken, Taguchi, and one factor at a time for optimization of the dark fermentation were extensively used. Papers on the three levels full and fractional factorials, artificial neural network coupled with genetic algorithm, simplex, and D-optimal for the optimization of the dark fermentation are limited, and no paper on the Dohlert design has been reported to date. The artificial neural network coupled with genetic algorithm is a more suitable method than the RSM technique for the optimization of dark fermentation. Literature shows that the optimization of critical factors plays a significant role in dark fermentation and is useful to improve the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield.

The art and literature of each period are inextricably linked to their social contexts, and their evolution is a social process. Sociology of literature is one of the relatively new methods in literary studies. In this method, they study the structure and content of the literary work and its relationship with the structure and developments of the society from which the work is born. What is more important in the sociology of literature, especially the theory of reflection, is the reflection of the image of society in the imaginary and artistic world of the literary work and its various forms. By studying cultural and artistic works and deciphering and understanding the language of these works, this method seeks to reveal that their form and content represent various themes from political and social issues to other individual experiences and challenges. It is an identity. For this reason, in this article, using the theory of reflection, we will examine the play “I Ba kolah I B kolah” by Gholam Hossein Saedi in the 1940s and the influence of political, economic and social currents on this play.

Today, cancer is one of the leading public health concerns worldwide. Being diagnosed with cancer is not necessarily a life-threatening event for children and their families.

In this view, this study was done to determine the impact of family empowerment programs on the knowledge and care performance of mothers with leukemia children.

The present study is a randomized clinical trial conducted on 62 mothers of children with cancer who were referred to the oncology wards of some educational hospitals in Ahvaz. The subjects were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The education was conducted in five sessions of 45 minutes (two sessions per week).

Comparison of the mean score of the knowledge of mothers of children with leukemia before education (3.09) and after education (6.29) was one of the interventions that were significant in the intervention group (P < 0.001), but in the control group, no significant statistical difference was observed.

The results of the study indicated that by educating the family through the family-centered empowerment model, it is possible to increase the caregiving knowledge of mothers and prevent chemotherapy complications in children

Fixed marine structures is widely utilized as production or oil recovering platform in the shallow sea, and are also subject to random loading. Jacket structures subject to random loading pose difficulties in both analysis and design, with solutions commonly only viably acquired employing a numerical technique. Performance of offshore jacket platforms is highly related to configuration of the braces. In this regard, probabilistic scheme is a good option for evaluating jacket structures. In this paper, the performance of Resalat jacket structure located in the Persian Gulf with different kinds of bracing configuration is investigated. We present a new measuring index for optimum arrangement of bracing configuration which is defined as probabilistic design criterion. The Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method, which is a more advanced and appropriate form of the Monte Carlo simulation technique, is used to investigate different configurations. Hereof, probabilistic analysis is performed on different configurations of platform structure using the LHS method. The elastic modulus is employed as the random input variable for probabilistic analysis, and the maximum values of stress and horizontal displacement are selected as the random output variables. Also, at the end of the calculations, the optimum configuration can be found. It is demonstrated that the proposed probabilistic optimization algorithm is capable of effectively determining the optimum configuration of jacket platform structures. Therefore, an optimum bracing configuration can be useful in evaluating and designing the fixed marine structures.

One of the complaints of women during menopause is anxiety and irritability. There are different ways to reduce anxiety. Given the fact that medicinal plants are more cost-effective than hormone therapy and drug therapy and have fewer side effects, there is a greater tendency to use them to reduce anxiety. Therefore, this study was designed with the aim of comparing the effects of violet and evening primrose flowers on the anxiety of postmenopausal women.

 In this randomized clinical trial, 135 postmenopausal women referred to health centers in Khomein City were selected by availability sampling Materials and Methods After obtaining informed consent from the participants, they were divided into three groups: violet, evening primrose, and control. In the violet flower group, women received 5 ml of violet flower syrup twice a day for one month, and in the evening primrose group, they consumed evening primrose pearl twice a day for one month. There was no intervention in the control group. Data collection was done using a demographic form and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Items. Following that, the data were analyzed in SPSS version 21 software using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (repeated analysis of variance and Bonferroni) statistical tests.

The standard deviation and mean anxiety score after taking medicinal plants of violet flower (4.06±12.67; P<0.001), evening primrose (4.62±31.78; P<0.001) were significantly lower than those of the control group (41.29±4.85). Although both intervention groups showed improvement in anxiety, the benefits assigned to the violet flower group were significantly higher than those of the evening primrose group (P<0.001).

Violet flower and evening primrose reduced the anxiety of menopausal women.