Deals of stocks in our securities market are divided into retail, block and bulk deals. In block and bulk deals, larger and sizeable quantities of stocks are exchanged between two parties to the contract. In these types of deals, stock price is usually higher than retail deals. In addition, trade and settlement mechanisms are different. Bulk deals are divided into regular and conditional in terms of the time of price settlement. Both regular and conditional bulk deals have in common concerning the process of offering potential buyers the purchase of stocks; however, conditional bulk deals are accomplished in a different manner. In regular bulk deals, exchange of considerations is carried out in 3 days, but in conditional bulk deals, while stocks are transferred as the deal is concluded, a part of the price is paid subsequently out of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) or Farabourse mechanism. Therefore, this study examines the bulk deals of stocks in Tehran Stock Exchange and Iran Farabourse Company by illustrating similarities and differences between rules governing the bulk deals in these two markets.

In this paper, we calculate the relativistic bulk tensor and shear tensor of the relativistic accretion ows in the Kerr metric, overall and without any approximation. We obtain the relations of all components of the relativistic bulk and shear tensor in terms of components of four-velocity and its derivatives, Christoffel symbols and metric components in the BLF. Then, these components are derived in the equa-torial plane. To see the behavior of the relativistic bulk tensor and shear tensor in the relativistic accretion disks around the rotating black holes, we introduce a radial form for the radial component of the four-velocity in the LNRF; therefore, all components of the bulk and shear tensor are derived in the BLF. Figures of non-zero components of the bulk tensor and shear tensor are shown for some states. We use the radial model to study the importance and in uence of the relativistic bulk tensor in the accretion disks around the rotating black holes. Also, we see that in some cases bulk tensor may be important and comparable with the shear tensor. Especially, we see that bulk tensor in the inner radii is more important.

Backgrounds and Widespread use of nanoparticles increases their release to the environment. Soil may be a major sink for released nanoparticles to the environment. These nanoparticles interact with ecosystem component specially plants and their symbiosis. Therefore understanding nanoparticles behavior in the soil and plants is essential to restrict potentially toxic effects of nanoparticles. On the other hand, due to metal nanoparticle solubility, their toxicology studies are need to comparative evaluation of their toxicity with non-nanoparticles.
Material and Thus we designed an experiment to investigate effect of different zinc oxide nanoparticles concentration (125, 250, 375 and 500 mg/kg) on fenugreek as a nitrogen-fixing plants that form symbiotic relationship with Sinorhizobium melliloti. For comparison between nano and bulk, the same concentrations of zinc oxide and bulk nanoparticles were applied. Control treatment for both experiment had neither zinc oxide nanoparticles and their bulk. Both experiments were conducted based on completely randomized design. Contrasts were used for comparison between nano and bulk means.
Results showed that increase in zinc oxide nanoparticles and their bulk had negative effect in rhizobium nodule biomass (P˂ 0.05). Apparently, inhibition effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on rhizobium nodule biomass was more than zinc oxide bulk (P˂ 0.05). Increase in zinc oxide particles and their bulk increased Zn concentration in the root and shoot and decreased P concentration in the root and shoot (P˂ 0.05). Nano group decreased P concentration in the root more than bulk group (P˂ 0.05). Level of 125 mg/kg zinc oxide nanoparticles increased shoot length, however level of 375 and 500 mg/kg zinc oxide nanoparticles decreased shoot length (P˂ 0.05). Shoot length decreased at all level of zinc oxide bulk compared to control. Root dry weight showed reduction at level 375 and 500 mg/kg zinc oxide nanoparticles and only at level 500 mg/kg zinc oxide bulk. Contrast between nano and bulk showed that there is no significant difference, though Zn concentration in the root was more than Zn concentration in the shoot. Shoot dry weight decreased at level up to 250 mg/kg zinc oxide nanoparticles and at all level of zinc oxide bulk. Shoot dry weight at nano group was more than that of bulk group, and Zn concentration of shoot at bulk group was more than that of nano group.
In summary, the phytotoxicity of zinc oxide particles was similar in the nano and bulk forms, but we find more toxicity of zinc oxide nano particles than their bulk for rhizobium nodules in the fenugreek plant and P concentration in the root, and this increase concerns about effects nanoparticles in agricultural ecosystems.

With considering the importance of the information along with the stocks bulks order of companies are presented in the Tehran Stock Exchange, We analyze the stock price effects of bulk order announcement published publicly in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period years1394–1396. We use an event study model to show the significant impact of bulk order announcement published publicly on the share prices changes then we observe that cumulative returns being very high around the announcement published day for Tehran Stock Exchange companies. Bulk order announcement has significant positive cumulative abnormal returns, indicating that Bulk order on average increases firm value. Next, we regress cumulative average abnormal returns of different Event windows on dummy variables to show that positive cumulative abnormal returns created under the effect of the bulk order. Finally, we conclude that bulk order announcement information leakage before event day on average cause positive abnormal returns for insider.

Statement of Problem: For many years, application of the composite restoration with a thickness less than 2 mm for achieving the minimum polymerization contraction and stress has been accepted as a principle. But through the recent development in dental material a group of resin based composites (RBCs) called Bulk Fill is introduced whose producers claim the possibility of achieving a good restoration in bulks with depths of 4 or even 5 mm.
To evaluate the effect of irradiation times and bulk depths on the degree of cure (DC) of a bulk fill composite and compare it with the universal type.
This study was conducted on two groups of dental RBCs including Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill and Tetric N Ceram Universal. The composite samples were prepared in Teflon moulds with a diameter of 5 mm and height of 2, 4 and 6 mm. Then, half of the samples in each depth were cured from the upper side of the mould for 20s by LED light curing unit. The irradiation time for other specimens was 40s. After 24 hours of storage in distilled water, the microhardness of the top and bottom of the samples was measured using a Future Tech (Japan- Model FM 700) Vickers hardness testing machine. Data were analyzed statistically using the one and multi way ANOVAand Tukey’s test (p = 0.050).
The DC of Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill in defined irradiation time and bulk depth was significantly more than the universal type (p The DC of the investigated bulk fill composite was better than the universal type in all the irradiation times and bulk depths. The studied universal and bulk fill RBCs had an appropriate DC at the 2 and 4 mm bulk depths respectively and using the recommended curing time of 40s can led to the slightly better value of DC in both composites.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of various beverages on the color stability of nanohybrid and bulk-fill resin composites. In this experimental study, 36 disk-shaped composite samples (6 mm diameter, 4 mm thickness) were prepared from three types of composite resins (n=12): a nanohybrid composite (Filtek Z550), a bulk-fill composite (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill) and a flowable bulk-fill composite (Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable). The samples from each composite were then divided into four subgroups based on the applied staining solution (n=3) and immersed for 120 hours in either distilled water, chocolate milk, cola, or orange juice. Color measurements were conducted at baseline and after immersion in staining solutions by a VITA Easyshade Compact according to the CIELAB color system. Color changes (∆E) were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA at the significance level of P<0.05. All composites exhibited clinically unacceptable color change values (ΔE>3.3) after immersion in various beverages. The greatest color changes were usually found in Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable composite. Both bulk fill composites showed significantly greater color changes than the nanohybrid composite after immersion in distilled water and chocolate milk (P<0.05). Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill showed significantly different color change values after exposure to various beverages (P=0.023). Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable exhibited greater discoloration than Filtek Z550 and Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill composites. Both the composite structure and the type of beverage influence the color stability of composite resins, but the effect of the composite structure is more potent.

This study was done to evaluate the changes in bulk density (Db) of the 0-10 cm surface soil of skid trails in the Hyrcanian hardwood forests, Iran. The treatment involved running a rubber-tired skidder in three skid trails: Flat Skid Trail (STF), Skid Trail with Transversal Slope (STTS), and Skid Trail with Longitudinal Slope (STLS). Pre- and post-skidding activities, soil cores were collected at random points of upslope and downslope tracks of each skid trails to measure soil bulk density and moisture content. In general, mean bulk density of compacted soil in skid trails was significantly greater than that of undisturbed soil. A significant increase (P<0.01) in soil bulk density occurred during first six skidding cycles at the STTS and STLS, when the soil moisture content was about 30% and 35%, respectively. But on STF, the increase in bulk density was greatest during first twelve skidding cycles. Additional cycles, up to 6 (on the STTS and STLS) and 12 (on the STF) cycles, did not cause significant increase in bulk density. The severe soil compaction was concentrated on the STTS.

Rhizosphere has different chemical and biological properties from the bulk soil. Information about phosphorus (P) availability in the rhizosphere soils treated with municipal sewage sludge (MSS) is limited. Therefore، the objectives of this research were to evaluate the rhizospheric effects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on phosphorus availability and biological properties in 10 calcareous soils treated with MSS under rhizobox conditions. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)، microbial biomass carbon (MBC)، microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP)، metabolic quotient (qCO2) and available phosphorus (by 4 chemical extractants including Olsen، MehlichІ، BrayІІ and calcium chloride methods with different extraction mechanism)، were determined in the rhizosphere and bulk soils. The results showed that DOC، MBC and MBP strongly increased and qCO2 strongly decreased in the rhizosphere soil compared with the bulk soil. Also، the amount of P extracted with different tests in the rhizosphere was lower compared to the bulk soils. The correlation studies showed that dry yield of wheat had positive relationship with MehlichІ and Olsen-P in the rhizosphere and the bulk soil، respectively. The results of this research showed that MehlichІ and Olsenextractants could be used to estimate plant-available P in the rhizosphere and bulk soils، respectively.

Rhizosphere is a small zone with different biological and chemical properties from bulk soil. In this research، kinetics of zinc (Zn) release was compared in wheat (Rowshan Back Cross) rhizosphere and bulk soil in 10 calcareous soils by using rhizobox at greenhouse conditions. The rhizosphere and bulk soil samples were extracted with DTPA-TEA for 1 to 504 h at 25±1 0C. In addition، available Zn was evaluated by chemical extractions (DTPA-TEA، AB-DTPA and Mehlich 3). Results showed that the amount of available Zn، cumulative released Zn and rate of Zn release in the rhizosphere soils were significantly (p<0. 05) higher than the bulk soils. Power equation was the best descriptive of Zn release in rhizosphere and bulk soils. In addition، parabolic diffusion، first order and simple Elovich equations could be used to describe kinetics of Zn release. The obtained correlation coefficients between wheat responses and characteristics of Zn release showed that higher significant correlations in the rhizosphere soils were found as compared to the bulk soils.

Bulking (sludge bulking) is caused by the excessive growth of filamentous or non-filamentous bacteria in the process of wastewater treatment, which subsequently results in a reduction in the quality of the output of wastewater treatment plant. By identifying the main cause of bulking bacteria, we can recognize its formation and find solutions to specific bulking control. The proliferation of Nocardiaforms and Beggiatoa are due to the presence of excess oil compounds and sulfur compounds in the input wastewater, respectively. In this study, the identification of bulking bacteria was carried out in a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant using microscopic methods. Identification of filamentous bacteria was realized by microscopic studying of slides, based on morphological characteristics and their reaction to different staining; therefore, Beggiatoa and Thiothrix identified as predominant filamentous bacteria. According to results characteristics of these bacteria and effective growth factors, the abundance of sulfur compounds, the sulfur content and subsequently the growth of these bacteria are increasing. Thus they are prevented for the specific bulking control in a Petrochemical wastewater treatment plant by removing sulfuric acid in the pH adjustment of the balancing pond and replacement of hydrochloric acid.