The purpose of this study is to examine the lived experiences of agricultural workers in the Chardavol Township about the new world. The present study is a qualitative research that has been done using an interpretive paradigm and interpretive phenomenological method. The statistical population of the study includes all villagers active in the agricultural sector in Zanjire Sofla village in Chardavol Township in Ilam province. 14 participants were selected by purposive sampling method until theoretical saturation. The semi-structured interview method was used to collect information from participants and Van Mannen's (1990) method was used to analyze the data obtained from the semi-structured interviews. The results showed that a main theme entitled "New World" and 7 sub-themes including new lifestyle, a distinct consumption pattern, the integration and synergy of tensions, understanding the cross-sectional remedial shock, the symmetry of old and new vulnerabilities, socio-protective isolation and low government presence and the tendency to counter-value measures and the experience of the new sin is experienced by the participants.

The purpose of this cross-sectional survey research was to investigate the role of micro-credit fund on the economic empowerment of rural women in Chardavol Township, so that, in the planning to achieve this end it will be taken into account. The statistical population of this study was composed of All rural women of rural micro-credit fund (N=70), that they all participated in the study by census method. They validity questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of expert and to determine the reliability of different parts of the questionnaire Cronbach's alpha (0/7

The aim of present work is study of factors affecting the acceptance of soil conservation measures by the farmers in Shirvan & Chardavol township which is one of the main agricultural areas in the province of Ilam. This is an analytical comparative research that is done by survey method. The statistical population consisted of all the farmers of Shirvan & Chardavol township which are 8099 people, from them 140 people are selected using Cochran formula as the statistical samples. This group is divided into two groups, one that have applied the soil conservation techniques, and one that have not applied the techniques. The main tool to gather the data was a researcher-made questionnaire. The appearance and content validity of the questionnaire were examined based on the comments from the experts in agricultural education and extension, and necessary changes are applied. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire a preliminary test in a village outside of the statistical samples was carried out. The reliability of the examined factors in the questionnaire is evaluated by the use of Cronbach alpha coefficient. For statistical analysis of the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including recognition analysis and paired t-test are employed and the analysis of the data was done by using of SPSS version 16 software. The results show that the parameters of age, technical knowledge, level of education, and the number of family of the farmers, have in order, the highest effect in accepting and employing soil conservation measures by the farmers.

The term social stability as one of the three dimensions of sustainable development began to receive attention since the early years of the 21st century with the aim of improving living conditions in the society. Sustainable rural development is contingent on the different dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social and environmental) sustainability without achieving any of these dimensions, sustainable rural development is confronted with many challenges. The social sustainability is one of the three pillars of sustainable development goal, the researchers in this study sought to assess the overall situation and also are seeking to explain the causes of social sustainability in rural communities. The population of the study, which was based on the purpose of application of the method is described, which consists of the heads of households in rural areas of all city Chardavol Township (N=9107), Using Cochran formula 260, were selected as the sample. The main research instrument was a questionnaire, and confirmed its validity by visiting academics, after carrying out the necessary reforms. To check the reliability survey 30, questionnaires were completed in a village outside of the Cronbach's alpha (0.819) coefficients were calculated and demonstrated the reliability and validity of the survey instrument. To achieve the research objectives, a description of the tests and path analysis were used. Results showed 52 percent level of social sustainability are among the subjects in the poor and very poor, 26 percent of the persons examined at the 22 percent level by the people, high and very high level. The results of path analysis showed that three variables, security (0.837), justice (0.096) and quality of life (0.872) are directly related to social sustainability of rural Chardavol Township.

Given the importance of nomad women's employment in improving their household economy, the aim of this qualitative study is to explore the challenges of employment and income for women nomads Chardavol township of Ilam. One of the main purposes of this study is to introduce the Grounded theory to the researches of rural geography. Data have been gathered through documents, semi-structured interviews and focus-group discussions. This study has been used to code techniques including open, axial and selective for analyzing the data. Zrdlan tribal region in the district of Holeilan in the Chardavol Township located in Ilam is the region of the study. The population of this study was all nomad women that were active in producing dairy products and Handicraft. Sample size 28 was purposefully selected on the basis of theoretical saturation sampling. Data collected in the form of 49 concept, 7 major categories and a core category then were analyzed. 7 major categories are: The conditions of production to the market. Production problems and reduce the production of women, heavy duty of tribal women, geographic isolation of tribal areas. Lifestyle of nomads changes because of lack of support from the government and the authorities and and tends to work in industries. The results showed that the mean age of women was 58.32 that 85 percent work in dairy products and 15% in crafts. Furthermore, the results showed that production problems and reduce the output level of tribal women are interactive and responsive to governing conditions in tribal areas that led to declining economic status of tribal women that has negative consequences.

Futures Studies in Planning the Self-Employed Businesses Continuity for Women-Headed Households will find the key drivers, key variables, and uncertainties in the development of women's economic empowerment, and will shape the desired future management. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the management of women's self-employed business continuity management in Chardavol Township, identifying key variables and developing effective scenarios for its realization. The purpose of this study is practical and it is a descriptive-analytical research conducted with an interpretive structural approach to measure the interactions of variables. In terms of the nature of the data, this research is a combination (quantitative and qualitative) and is based on documentary and survey data collection method. The results showed that out of the developed scenarios, there are 6 scenarios with strong adaptation to the future of self-employed women business continuity management in Chardavol. Of the six scenarios mentioned, three scenarios one, two, and three are perfectly desirable, and scenario 1 is the best-case scenario of managing self-employed business continuity of women-headed households in Chardavol.The results showed that out of the developed scenarios, there are 6 scenarios with strong adaptation to the future of self-employed women business continuity management in Chardavol. Of the six scenarios mentioned, three scenarios one, two, and three are perfectly desirable, and scenario 1 is the best-case scenario of managing self-employed business continuity of women-headed households in Chardavol.The results showed that out of the developed scenarios, there are 6 scenarios with strong adaptation to the future of self-employed women business continuity management in Chardavol. Of the six scenarios mentioned, three scenarios one, two, and three are perfectly desirable, and scenario 1 is the best-case scenario of managing self-employed business continuity of women-headed households in Chardavol.

This article aims at studying examining and introducing the painted pottery tradition of Godin III in the Holailan valley, based on discovered pottery findings, which was obtained by archaeological studies from the site of Kazabad A. This site is located in the Holailan valley in extent of Chardavol township, in the north part of Ilam province. Kazabad A is the biggest archaeological site in the Holailan valley. Archaeological findings from Kazabad A show that this site includes the archaeological deposits of the whole consecutive stages of Godin III period. Discovered findings indicate that painted pottery tradition of Godin III was current in the Holailan valley at Bronze Age. The size, position of establishment, and succession of archaeological deposits of Kazabad A show that this site was probably an important locally center in the central Zagros at Bronze Age. Archaeological findings join Holailan valley with valleys in the north portion of distribution extent of the painted pottery tradition of Godin III as Mahidasht and Kangavar.

One of the most important aspects of sustainable development is sustainable agriculture. Therefore, nowadays, achieving a sustainable agricultural system is an important policy in agriculture department of countries. The main objective of this study is identifying factors affecting stability of rice cultivation in the city of Shirvan and Chardavol in Ilam province. This study was a survey and is descriptive correlation. Chardavol of rice production in the region is considered as a case study area has been selected. The city Rice planter N=2550 number of Shirvan Chardavol Township of Ilam province, one of the most effective areas persons were selected as the statistical community. Among these 185 people sampling stratified Multi-stage random using the formula Cochrane (d = 0.07 and p = q = 0.5) as sample statistics were selected for collecting the required information from farmers, a questionnaire, developed Content validity was confirmed by the panel of experts.Finally, data acquired using a special formula of Cronbach alpha software SPSS, credit research questionnaire for all sections 0.80, respectively. The results showed that most of farmers Rice planter are middle-aged and illiterate. The results also show that 67.82 percent of Rice planter has the middle of knowledge about sustainable agriculture and most of them are nearly 42.01 percent, a moderate attitude towards sustainable rice cultivation.The results of the correlation between variables shows a significant negative relationship between the stability of rice cultivation with age, farming experience, there is a history of rice cultivation, there is also a significant positive relationship between rice cultivation and variables such as stability, extent of lands owned, area of land under rice cultivation, social participation, sustainable agriculture knowledge, attitude, level of promotional contacts.

Nomadic society is an active population in Iran that has been taken into account by the policy makers and planners over the recent decades due to their crucial role in production of the raw materials and border protection. Nevertheless, in recent years, due to the increased various problems, the nomadic population has considerably decreased. Therefore, analysis of their social problems such as social capital is one of the most important measures that can be dealt with by researchers in order to find proper solutions for their problems. To this end, the present study aimed to investigate the status of social capital and its effective factors in nomadic population focusing on nomadic population of Chardavol Township in Ilam province, Iran. Due to the paucity of the accurate information on the number of nomadic households in Chardavol, 120 households were considered as statistical sample. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that the average of the three main indicators of social capital (participation, trust and integrity) among the nomadic population of Chardavol was 3.74, 3.73 and 3.81, respectively regarding the confidence level of 99% which was higher than the baseline average (3) and higher than average. Results revealed that the average social capital was 3.76 which was higher than the baseline average at confidence level of 99%. The results of analysis of factors affecting the social capital of the nomadic population showed that there was a significant relationship between three variables such as access to essential facilities, access to services and distance to essential centers and social capital among the understudied variables, whose correlation coefficients were 0.287, 0.481 and -0.398 respectively.

Rural architecture of western areas has evolved slowly over time basis, and contains theoretical component associated with its own structure, which is secure and maintains its originality in terms of imports, against invasion. Chardanol is a county of Ilam province with cold climate and mountain slopes located at the Zagros Mountains and the West of Iran. Cold winters, high mountains, dramatic topography of the area and lack of flat land for the construction are the main factors shaping the region's architecture. Settlement of the Western Iran has a special architecture based on the topography and climate of the city in which the village Halasem, Chardavol enjoys special importance. In this paper the attempt is to examined and analyzed Halasem village architecture specifications. Research information is collected by library study and field observations. The population consisted of 150 residential building, 45 traditional houses that have valuable architecture. So, first of all the village tissue examined that is shaped on the climate and geography, and then the physical elements of village and rural areas in buildings and species is discussed. The results show that for enjoying the sunshine in winter, most of the buildings in the village are facing south direction and streets are formed on the east-west direction. There are two architecture model in the rural context of Halasem: there are two types of two-room house, porch and patio rooms and houses lacking or two floors. Porch house with several rooms having residential spaces is a part of services with 64%, are the highest in the village traditional context and porch houses with two rooms (non-living) with 27% and no porch houses in the residential area on the barn, hillside topography also benefit from the presence of animals heat from the ground floor up to 9%, create the lowest tissue of the village.